2480-86-6Relevant articles and documents
Fourier transform Raman assignment of guaiacyl and syringyl marker bands for lignin determination
Takayama, Miyuki,Johjima, Toru,Yamanaka, Takeshi,Wariishi, Hiroyuki,Tanaka, Hiroo
, p. 1621 - 1628 (1997)
A near infrared fourier transform Raman (NIR-FTR) spectroscopic technique was utilized to characterize lignin in wood. The Raman bands for C=C stretching derived from 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl (guaiacyl) nuclei and from 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl (syringyl) nuclei exist independently. The NIR-FTR analysis of a series of lignin model compounds indicated that a syringyl band was shifted to a lower frequency compared to a guaiacyl band. This shift was also observed in chemically synthesized lignin (DHP). Syringyl DHP, in which all the aromatic nuclei consist of syringyl type, exhibited a C=C stretching band at 1594 cm-1, while guaiacyl DHP exhibited the band at 1599 cm-1. These bands were designated as syringyl and guaiacyl marker bands, respectively. Chemical and physical treatment of hardwood and softwood exhibited different characteristics. One of the reasons is the chemical structure of lignin. Softwood mainly contains only guaiacyl lignin, while hardwood contains both guaiacyl and syringyl lignin, and the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio varies among species. Under high-resolution conditions (1 cm-1), the NIR-FTR spectra of 10 hardwoods (wood meal samples) revealed that both syringyl and guaiacyl marker bands existed. On the other hand, the spectra of softwoods contained only a guaiacyl marker bands existed. On the other hand, the spectra of softwoods contained only a guaiacyl marker band. The S/G ratio in hardwood calculated from the peak area intensity ratio of two marker bands shows a linear relationship with the S/G ratio obtained from conventional nitrobenzene oxidation analysis with the correlation factor > 0.96. Furthermore, if peak component separation analysis was combined, low-resolution spectral data gave a similar S/G ratio. Either syringyl of guaiacyl marker bands can be assigned in the NIR-FTR spectra of wood blocks (saw-cut surface). This spectral technique may provide an easy-handling and non-destructive analytical method for lignin determination.
Discovery, Biocatalytic Exploration and Structural Analysis of a 4-Ethylphenol Oxidase from Gulosibacter chungangensis
Alvigini, Laura,Fraaije, Marco W.,Gran-Scheuch, Alejandro,Guo, Yiming,Mattevi, Andrea,Saifuddin, Mohammad,Trajkovic, Milos
, p. 3225 - 3233 (2021/10/04)
The vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO) family is a rich source of biocatalysts for the oxidative bioconversion of phenolic compounds. Through genome mining and sequence comparisons, we found that several family members lack a generally conserved catalytic aspartate. This finding led us to study a VAO-homolog featuring a glutamate residue in place of the common aspartate. This 4-ethylphenol oxidase from Gulosibacter chungangensis (Gc4EO) shares 42 % sequence identity with VAO from Penicillium simplicissimum, contains the same 8α-N3-histidyl-bound FAD and uses oxygen as electron acceptor. However, Gc4EO features a distinct substrate scope and product specificity as it is primarily effective in the dehydrogenation of para-substituted phenols with little generation of hydroxylated products. The three-dimensional structure shows that the characteristic glutamate side chain creates a closely packed environment that may limit water accessibility and thereby protect from hydroxylation. With its high thermal stability, well defined structural properties and high expression yields, Gc4EO may become a catalyst of choice for the specific dehydrogenation of phenolic compounds bearing small substituents.
Ammonia borane enabled upgrading of biomass derivatives at room temperature
Meier, Sebastian,Riisager, Anders,Yang, Song,Zhao, Wenfeng
supporting information, p. 5972 - 5977 (2020/11/03)
Simplifying biomass conversion to valuable products with high efficiency is pivotal for the sustainable development of society. Herein, an efficient catalyst-free system using ammonia borane (AB) as the hydrogen donor is described, which enables controllable reaction selectivity towards four value-added products in excellent yield (82-100%) under very mild conditions. In particular, the system is uniquely efficient to produce γ-valerolactone (GVL) at room temperature. Combined in situ NMR and computational studies elucidate the hydrogen transfer mechanism of AB in methanol, the novel pathway of GVL formation from levulinate in water, and a competitive mechanism between reduction and reductive amination in the same system. Moreover, carbohydrates are converted directly into GVL in good yield, using a one-pot, two-step strategy. Products of a rather broad scope are prepared within a short reaction time of 30 min by using this catalyst-free strategy in methanol at room temperature. This journal is
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenones to ethyl-substituted phenol derivatives using a FeRu?SILP catalyst
Bordet, Alexis,Goclik, Lisa,Leitner, Walter,Offner-Marko, Lisa
supporting information, p. 9509 - 9512 (2020/09/02)
The selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenone derivatives is achieved opening a versatile pathway for the production of valuable substituted ethylphenols from readily available substrates. Bimetallic iron ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on an imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phase (Fe25Ru75?SILP) show high activity and stability for a broad range of substrates without acidic co-catalysts. This journal is
Improved Pd/Ru metal supported graphene oxide nano-catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillyl alcohol, vanillin and lignin
Arora, Shalini,Gupta, Neeraj,Singh, Vasundhara
supporting information, p. 2018 - 2027 (2020/04/07)
Pd and Ru nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (GO) [Pd?GO and Ru?GO] and bimetallic [Pd/Ru?GO] were prepared and well characterized by XRD, FT-IR, EDS, TEM, XPS and ICP-AES analyses. The prepared nano-catalysts were tested for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin monomer molecules-vanillyl alcohol and vanillin. In comparison with previously reported methods, Ru?GO and bimetallic Pd/Ru?GO catalysts showed high activity and selectivity, under milder conditions, at room temperature and 145 psi H2 pressure, for the formation of p-creosol, a value added product, as a potential future biofuel with antibacterial and anti-insecticidal properties. The multifold advantages of both these catalysts are in terms of reduced catalyst loading with a lower metal content and ambient temperture conditions resulting in higher conversion of the starting material. Furthermore, the efficacy of the developed methodology using Ru?GO and bimetallic Pd/Ru?GO catalysts under the optimized conditions was tested on the phenolic components of commercial lignin obtained by photo-catalytic fragmentation using TiO2, to obtain a mixture after HDO which contained vanillyl alcohol and p-creosol among others, as indicated by HPLC-MS analysis.
An efficient FeCl3-mediated approach for reduction of ketones through N-heterocyclic carbene boranes
Wang, Ming-Hui,Chen, Ling-Yan
supporting information, p. 732 - 735 (2017/03/31)
An efficient FeCl3-mediated approach for reduction of ketones by NHC-BH3 has been developed. A series of ketones were smoothly converted to the corresponding alcohols in good to excellent yields through NHC-BH3 reductive process.
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE APPLICATIONS IN MATERIAL CHEMISTRY
-
Page/Page column 42, (2017/09/27)
The invention relates to novel hydrazide-based templates, methods of making the same, and methods of using the hydrazide-based templates as molecular scaffolds for asymmetric light driven transformations, light driven material synthesis, and biological applications. Furthermore, the present invention relates to photoinitiators, monomers, and polymers derived from biomass, together with methods and methods of using the same.
Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Olefins Catalyzed by Copper(II) Complex in Micellar Media
Li, Xiao-Hong,Mi, Chun,Liao, Xiao-Hong,Meng, Xiang-Guang
, p. 2508 - 2514 (2017/09/06)
Abstract: The selective oxidation of aromatic olefins 1,2-dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzene (DEVB) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (MOVP) by H2O2 into 1-(3,4-dime-thoxyphenyl)ethanol (MVA) and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (HMOPE) catalyzed by copper(II) complex CuL (L = 6,8,15,17-tetramethyl-7,16-dihydrodibenzo-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecine) were achieved in cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) micellar media, respectively. Micelle showed great influence on both reaction rate and selectivity of product. Aromatic olefins could be oxidized into corresponding aromatic ketones in aqueous solution, but into secondary alcohols in micellar media. The combination of TEMPO and CuL/H2O2 resulted in relatively fast reaction rate and S > 96% selectivity of aromatic ketones. The reaction rate constants, k1, k2 and k3 for three oxidation reactions pathways: olefin to ketone, olefin to alcohol and alcohol to ketone were obtained, respectively. The kinetic study indicated that the CuL catalyzed oxidation of olefins by H2O2 to alcohols was a relatively rapid and major reaction and ketone was generated by the direct oxidation of olefins, not by further oxidation of alcohol in micellar media. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
SYNTHESIS OF AMIDES AND AMINES FROM ALDEHYDES OR KETONES BY HETEROGENEOUS METAL CATALYSIS
-
Page/Page column 22, (2016/07/05)
This invention concerns the first mild and efficient synthesis of primary amines and amides from aldehydes or ketones using a heterogeneous metal catalystand amine donor. The initial heterogeneous metal- catalyzed reaction between the carbonyl and the amine donor components is followed up with the addition of a suitable acylating agent component in one-pot. Hence, the present invention provides a novel catalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of amides. Moreover, the integration of enzyme catalysis allows for eco-friendly one-pot co-catalytic synthesis ofamides from aldehyde and ketone substrates, respectively. The process can be applied to the co-catalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of capsaicin and its analogues from vanillin or vanillyl alcohol. It can also be applied for asymmetric synthesis. In the present invention, a novel co-catalytic reductive amination/dynamic kinetic resolution (dkr) relay sequence for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active amides from ketones is disclosed. Moreover, implementation of a catalytic reductive amination/kinetic resolution (kr) relay sequence produces the corresponding optically active amide product and optical active primary amine product with the opposite stereochemistry from the starting ketones.
Integrated Heterogeneous Metal/Enzymatic Multiple Relay Catalysis for Eco-Friendly and Asymmetric Synthesis
Palo-Nieto, Carlos,Afewerki, Samson,Anderson, Mattias,Tai, Cheuk-Wai,Berglund, Per,Córdova, Armando
, p. 3932 - 3940 (2016/07/06)
Organic synthesis is in general performed using stepwise transformations where isolation and purification of key intermediates is often required prior to further reactions. Herein we disclose the concept of integrated heterogeneous metal/enzymatic multiple relay catalysis for eco-friendly and asymmetric synthesis of valuable molecules (e.g., amines and amides) in one-pot using a combination of heterogeneous metal and enzyme catalysts. Here reagents, catalysts, and different conditions can be introduced throughout the one-pot procedure involving multistep catalytic tandem operations. Several novel cocatalytic relay sequences (reductive amination/amidation, aerobic oxidation/reductive amination/amidation, reductive amination/kinetic resolution and reductive amination/dynamic kinetic resolution) were developed. They were next applied to the direct synthesis of various biologically and optically active amines or amides in one-pot from simple aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols, respectively.
