2875-18-5Relevant articles and documents
Mechanistic study of Ru-NHC-catalyzed hydrodefluorination of fluoropyridines: The influence of the NHC on the regioselectivity of C-F activation and chemoselectivity of C-F versus C-H bond cleavage
McKay, David,Riddlestone, Ian M.,Macgregor, Stuart A.,Mahon, Mary F.,Whittlesey, Michael K.
, p. 776 - 787 (2015)
We describe a combined experimental and computational study into the scope, regioselectivity, and mechanism of the catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) of fluoropyridines, C5F5-xHxN (x = 0-2), at two Ru(NHC)(PPh3)2(CO)H2 catalysts (NHC = IPr, 1, and IMes, 2). The regioselectivity and extent of HDF is significantly dependent on the nature of the NHC: with 1 HDF of C5F5N is favored at the ortho-position and gives 2,3,4,5-C5F4HN as the major product. This reacts on to 3,4,5-C5F3H2N and 2,3,5-C5F3H2N, and the latter can also undergo further HDF to 3,5-C5F2H3N and 2,5-C5F2H3N. para-HDF of C5F5N is also seen and gives 2,3,5,6-C5F4HN as a minor product, which is then inert to further reaction. In contrast, with 2, para-HDF of C5F5N is preferred, and moreover, the 2,3,5,6-C5F4HN regioisomer undergoes C-H bond activation to form the catalytically inactive 16e Ru-fluoropyridyl complex Ru(IMes)(PPh3)(CO)(4-C5F4N)H, 3. Density functional theory calculations rationalize the different regioselectivity of HDF of C5F5N at 1 and 2 in terms of a change in the pathway that is operating with these two catalysts. With 1, a stepwise mechanism is favored in which a N → Ru σ-interaction stabilizes the key C-F bond cleavage along the ortho-HDF pathway. With 2, a concerted pathway favoring para-HDF is more accessible. The calculations show the barriers increase for the subsequent HDF of the lower fluorinated substrates, and they also correctly identify the most reactive C-F bonds. A mechanism for the formation of 3 is also defined, but the competition between C-H bond activation and HDF of 2,3,5,6-C5F4HN at 2 (which favors C-H activation experimentally) is not reproduced. In general, the calculations appear to overestimate the HDF reactivity of 2,3,5,6-C5F4HN at both catalysts 1 and 2. (Chemical Equation Presented).
Dual Photoredox-/Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Halides and Triflates
Qin, Jian,Zhu, Shengqing,Chu, Lingling
supporting information, p. 2246 - 2252 (2021/04/02)
A visible-light photoredox-/Pd-catalyzed cross-electrophile arylation of polyfluoroarenes with aryl halides and triflates in the presence of dialkylamines is reported for the first time. This synergistic protocol affords access to a series of fluorodiaryls from easily available starting materials under mild and operationally simple conditions. A series of mechanistic experiments, including the stoichiometric reactions of a ligated (aryl)Pd complex, Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching studies, cyclic voltammetry studies, and UV-vis spectroscopy, were performed to elucidate the potential catalytic pathway in this synergistic process.
Dihydridoboranes: Selective Reagents for Hydroboration and Hydrodefluorination
Phillips, Nicholas A.,O'hanlon, James,Hooper, Thomas N.,White, Andrew J. P.,Crimmin, Mark R.
supporting information, p. 7289 - 7293 (2019/10/08)
The preparation of a new series of dihydridoboranes supported by N,N-chelating ligands, [R2NCH2CH2NAr]- (R = alkyl, Ar = aryl), is reported. These new boranes react selectively with carbonyls, imines, and a series of electron-deficient fluoroarenes. The reactivity is complementary to recognized reagents such as pinacolborane, catecholborane, NHC-BH3, and borane (BH3) itself. Selectivities are rationalized by invoking both open- A nd closed-chain forms of the reagents as part of equilibrium mixtures.
