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2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde is a complex chemical compound that belongs to the class of benzoquinolizine derivatives. It features a carboxaldehyde functional group attached to a benzo[ij]quinolizine ring system, which is a fused tricyclic ring structure containing a nitrogen atom. 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde is of interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical research due to its unique structural features and potential biological activities, although its precise properties and applications are still under investigation.

33985-71-6

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33985-71-6 Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds for its potential to contribute to the development of new drugs. Its unique structure may offer novel binding properties or interactions with biological targets, which could be leveraged in the treatment of diseases.
Used in Medicinal Chemistry:
In the field of medicinal chemistry, 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde is utilized as a building block for the design and synthesis of new molecules with potential therapeutic effects. Its incorporation into drug candidates may enhance pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties, such as solubility, stability, or receptor binding affinity.
Note: Since the provided materials do not specify particular applications or industries for 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde, the uses listed are general and based on the compound's potential in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. Further research would be necessary to identify specific applications and industries where 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-9-carboxaldehyde could be utilized.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 33985-71-6 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 3,3,9,8 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 33985-71:
(7*3)+(6*3)+(5*9)+(4*8)+(3*5)+(2*7)+(1*1)=146
146 % 10 = 6
So 33985-71-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C13H15NO/c15-9-10-7-11-3-1-5-14-6-2-4-12(8-10)13(11)14/h7-9H,1-6H2

33985-71-6SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 11, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 11, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names julolidine-9-carbaldehyde

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:33985-71-6 SDS

33985-71-6Synthetic route

N-[(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium tetrafluoroborate

N-[(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium tetrafluoroborate

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water pH=Ca. 8 - 9;98%
julolidine
479-59-4

julolidine

N,N-dimethyl-formamide
68-12-2, 33513-42-7

N,N-dimethyl-formamide

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 20℃; for 0.5h; Vilsmeier-Haack Formylation; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: julolidine at 90℃; for 4.5h; Vilsmeier-Haack Formylation; Inert atmosphere;
94%
Stage #1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 2℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #2: julolidine at 90℃; for 4h;
93%
With trichlorophosphate Vilsmeier reaction;92%
julolidine
479-59-4

julolidine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 0℃; for 1.25h;
Stage #2: julolidine for 1.16667h; Vilsmeier Formylation;
91%
julolidine
479-59-4

julolidine

N-methyl-N-phenylformamide
93-61-8

N-methyl-N-phenylformamide

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethyl ether; trichlorophosphate
1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline hydrobromide
83646-41-7

1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline hydrobromide

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: trichlorophosphate / 0.75 h / 0 °C
1.2: 0 - 40 °C
2.1: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / pH Ca. 8 - 9
View Scheme
2-aminopyridine
504-29-0

2-aminopyridine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

tert-butylisonitrile
119072-55-8, 7188-38-7

tert-butylisonitrile

N-(tert-butyl)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

N-(tert-butyl)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloroacetic acid In methanol at 100℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;98%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

N,N'-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid
5217-47-0

N,N'-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid

julolidinyl-n-N,N'-diethylthiobarbituric acid

julolidinyl-n-N,N'-diethylthiobarbituric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol for 6h; Ambient temperature;97%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2-(4-methylthiazol-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile

2-(4-methylthiazol-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile

2-{4-methyl-5-[(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1.ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]thiazol-2(5H)-ylidene}malononitrile

2-{4-methyl-5-[(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1.ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]thiazol-2(5H)-ylidene}malononitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic anhydride at 90℃; for 8h; Knoevenagel Condensation;97%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2-(4-phenyl-5H-thiazol-2-ylidene)malononitrile

2-(4-phenyl-5H-thiazol-2-ylidene)malononitrile

(Z)-2-{5-[(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]-4-phenylthiazol-2(5H)-ylidene}malononitrile

(Z)-2-{5-[(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene]-4-phenylthiazol-2(5H)-ylidene}malononitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic anhydride at 90℃; for 8h; Knoevenagel Condensation;97%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

6,7,13-trimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydroisoquinolino[1,2-a]pyrido[1,2-k][2,9]phenanthroline-3,10-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

6,7,13-trimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydroisoquinolino[1,2-a]pyrido[1,2-k][2,9]phenanthroline-3,10-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

(rac)-(E)-13-(2-(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-6,7-dimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydroisoquinolino[1,2-a]pyrido[1,2-k][2,9]phenanthroline-3,10-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

(rac)-(E)-13-(2-(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-6,7-dimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydroisoquinolino[1,2-a]pyrido[1,2-k][2,9]phenanthroline-3,10-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrrolidine In methanol at 20℃; for 4h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Darkness; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;97%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

cyclopenta-1,3-diene
542-92-7

cyclopenta-1,3-diene

6-(julolidin-9-yl)fulvene
1144521-26-5

6-(julolidin-9-yl)fulvene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrrolidine In methanol at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;95%
piperidine
110-89-4

piperidine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

N-piperidine julolidine-9-thioamide
935467-59-7

N-piperidine julolidine-9-thioamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfur In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 200℃; for 0.5h; Willgerodt-Kindler reaction; microwave irradiation;93%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

4-(N,N-diethylamino)acetophenone
5520-66-1

4-(N,N-diethylamino)acetophenone

C25H30N2O

C25H30N2O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water at 20℃; for 48h;93%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane
20439-47-8

(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane

(R,R)-N,N'-bis<(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzoquinolizin-9-yl)methylene>-1,2-cyclohexanediamine

(R,R)-N,N'-bis<(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzoquinolizin-9-yl)methylene>-1,2-cyclohexanediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium sulfate In methanol for 6h; Ambient temperature;92%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2CF3O3S(1-)*C21H20N2(2+)

2CF3O3S(1-)*C21H20N2(2+)

(E)-2-(2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-6,7,10,11-tetrahydrodipyr ido[2,1-a:1′,2′-k][2,9]phenanthroline-5,12-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

(E)-2-(2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-6,7,10,11-tetrahydrodipyr ido[2,1-a:1′,2′-k][2,9]phenanthroline-5,12-diium trifluoromethanesulfonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrrolidine In methanol at 20℃; for 2h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Darkness;92%
2-Amino-6-bromopyridine
19798-81-3

2-Amino-6-bromopyridine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

1-(isocyanomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene
1197-58-6

1-(isocyanomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene

5-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido-[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

5-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido-[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloroacetic acid In methanol at 100℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;91%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

9-acetyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine
115497-51-3

9-acetyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine

C27H30N2O

C27H30N2O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water at 20℃; for 48h;90%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

methyl 2-cyanoacetate
105-34-0

methyl 2-cyanoacetate

C17H18N2O2

C17H18N2O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 12h;89%
2-Amino-6-bromopyridine
19798-81-3

2-Amino-6-bromopyridine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

Benzyl isocyanide
88333-03-3, 10340-91-7

Benzyl isocyanide

N-benzyl-5-bromo-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]-quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

N-benzyl-5-bromo-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]-quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloroacetic acid In methanol at 100℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;89%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

3-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-1,1-dioxide
74228-25-4

3-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-1,1-dioxide

2-{1,1-Dioxo-2-[1-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-1,2-dihydro-1λ6-benzo[b]thiophen-3-ylidene}-malononitrile

2-{1,1-Dioxo-2-[1-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-1,2-dihydro-1λ6-benzo[b]thiophen-3-ylidene}-malononitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol for 6h; Ambient temperature;88%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

naphthalene-1,8-diamine
479-27-6

naphthalene-1,8-diamine

C23H23N3

C23H23N3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol for 6h; Reflux;88%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

3-(4-methylquinolin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate
56405-66-4

3-(4-methylquinolin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate

C26H28N2O3S
90133-91-8

C26H28N2O3S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrrolidine In ethanol Heating;87%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2,3,5,8-tetramethylbisthiazolo[4,5-e:5',4'-g]-1,3-benzothiazolium iodide
1401521-97-8

2,3,5,8-tetramethylbisthiazolo[4,5-e:5',4'-g]-1,3-benzothiazolium iodide

2-[(E)-2-(9-julolidinyl)vinyl]-3,5,8-trimethylbisthiazolo[4,5-e:5',4'-g]-1,3-benzothiazolium iodide
1401522-07-3

2-[(E)-2-(9-julolidinyl)vinyl]-3,5,8-trimethylbisthiazolo[4,5-e:5',4'-g]-1,3-benzothiazolium iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol at 120℃; under 5250.53 Torr; for 1.16667h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Microwave irradiation;87%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

3-(4-methylpyridiniumyl)propane-1-sulfonate
15626-30-9

3-(4-methylpyridiniumyl)propane-1-sulfonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrrolidine In ethanol Heating;86%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2,6-diphenyl-4-methyltelluropyrylium tetrafluoroborate
83710-66-1

2,6-diphenyl-4-methyltelluropyrylium tetrafluoroborate

C31H28NTe(1+)*BF4(1-)
83710-97-8

C31H28NTe(1+)*BF4(1-)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic anhydride for 4h; Ambient temperature;86%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

cyclohexylamine
108-91-8

cyclohexylamine

N-<(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzoquinolizin-9-yl)methylene>cyclohexylamine

N-<(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzoquinolizin-9-yl)methylene>cyclohexylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium sulfate In methanol for 6h; Ambient temperature;85%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2,4,6-trimethylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate
773-01-3

2,4,6-trimethylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate

2,6-dimethyl-4-[(E)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl]pyranylium tetrafluoroborate

2,6-dimethyl-4-[(E)-2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl]pyranylium tetrafluoroborate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetrafluoroboric acid In acetonitrile at 100℃; Microwave irradiation;85%
16-(2-Cyano-acetoxy)-hexadecanoic acid 4-methoxy-benzyl ester
741258-11-7

16-(2-Cyano-acetoxy)-hexadecanoic acid 4-methoxy-benzyl ester

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2-cyano-3-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-acrylic acid 15-(4-methoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl)-pentadecyl ester

2-cyano-3-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-acrylic acid 15-(4-methoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl)-pentadecyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 1h;85%
9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2,3-dimethylbenzothiazolium iodide
2785-06-0

2,3-dimethylbenzothiazolium iodide

(E)-3-methyl-2-(2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide
1401522-24-4, 915788-14-6

(E)-3-methyl-2-(2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine In methanol for 12h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Reflux;85%
With piperidine In ethanol70%
2-cyano-N-(prop-2-ynyl)acetamide
268222-23-7

2-cyano-N-(prop-2-ynyl)acetamide

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

(E)-2-cyano-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3-(julolidine-9-yl)acrylamide

(E)-2-cyano-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3-(julolidine-9-yl)acrylamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde With DIMCARB In tetrachloromethane at 20℃; Knoevenagel Condensation;
Stage #2: 2-cyano-N-(prop-2-ynyl)acetamide In tetrachloromethane at 20℃; Knoevenagel Condensation;
85%
2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-cyanoacetate

2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 2-cyanoacetate

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

2-cyano-3-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-acrylic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethyl ester

2-cyano-3-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-acrylic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 1h;84%
2-thiazolylamine
96-50-4

2-thiazolylamine

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde
33985-71-6

9-julolidinecarboxaldehyde

tert-butylisonitrile
119072-55-8, 7188-38-7

tert-butylisonitrile

N-(tert-butyl)-6-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-amine

N-(tert-butyl)-6-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-amine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene at 100℃; for 0.166667h; Microwave irradiation; Sealed tube;84%

33985-71-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Julolidine-based organic dyes with neutral and anion anchoring groups for dye-sensitized solar cells

Bao, Le Quoc,Hai, Nguyen Thi,Lee, Chi Hwan,Thogiti, Suresh,Kim, Jae Hong

, p. 8813 - 8819 (2015)

Two simple organic dyes (J1 and J2) containing julolidine as the electron donor were synthesized. The simple structure of julolidine attached to the cyanoacetic acid group formed two compounds (anion and neutral forms of E-CCVJ), which showed two different efficiencies when applied to dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Overall conversion efficiencies of 0.91% and 1.21% were obtained for DSSCs based on the cyanoacetic acid (J1) and cyanoacetate (J2) derived dyes, respectively. Compared to the cyanoacetic acid terminated dye, the current density, open circuit voltage and conversion efficiency of the solar cells based on cyanoacetate dye were increased by approximately 24%, 8% and 32%, respectively. The electrochemical impedance analysis showed that the better charge transfer of TiO2 (e-) and electron lifetime (τe) for J2 dye as compared with J1. The power conversion efficiency was found to be quite sensitive to small structural changes to the anchoring moiety.

The influence of tetrahydroquinoline rings in dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) single-molecule fluorophores

Wang, Hui,Lu, Zhikuan,Lord, Samuel J.,Willets, Katherine A.,Bertke, Jeffrey A.,Bunge, Scott D.,Moerner,Twieg, Robert J.

, p. 103 - 114 (2007)

We have synthesized several series of DCDHF fluorophores with the amine donor either acyclic or constrained in one or two tetrahydroquinoline rings. The absorption and the fluorescence emission wavelengths and quantum yields have been determined and correlated with the specific donor structures. Generally, inclusion of the donor in a ring annulated to the benzene or naphthalene aromatic (Ar) π-core results in a bathochromic shift of absorption and emission accompanied by an increase in the quantum yield. Thus, the tetrahydroquinoline donor provides an efficient way to tailor the properties of fluorophores with substituted amines as electron-donating groups.

A selective and sensitive fluorescent albumin probe for the determination of urinary albumin

Wu, Ying-Yi,Yu, Wan-Ting,Hou, Tai-Cheng,Liu, Tao-Kai,Huang, Chi-Ling,Chen, I.-Chia,Tan, Kui-Thong

, p. 11507 - 11510 (2014)

In this communication, we report a simple albumin probe based on a fluorescent molecular rotor for the detection of trace albumin levels in urine. In the presence of albumin, the probe exhibits remarkable 400-fold fluorescence enhancement with high selectivity and sensitivity. The probe was successfully applied in the quantitative detection of urinary albumin.

Julolidine fluorescent molecular rotors as vapour sensing probes in polystyrene films

Martini, Giulio,Martinelli, Elisa,Ruggeri, Giacomo,Galli, Giancarlo,Pucci, Andrea

, p. 47 - 54 (2015)

We introduce a new sensing polymer system for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on the optical response of polystyrene (PS) films doped with julolidine fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs). The julolidine FMRs exhibited viscosity-dependent changes in the fluorescence intensity, that was enhanced when glycerol was added to ethanol solutions and when they were dispersed in PS films. Thus, reduction in medium mobility slowed down internal motions and allowed for a major radiative decay pathway. The FMR/PS films were exposed to several VOCs, and showed a significant decrease in fluorescence emission when exposed to chloroform, whereas a negligible variation in their emission occurred when methanol was utilized. This vapour sensing behaviour was much more evident when a perfluorodecyl chain was linked to the julolidine core being the molecule segregated at the film surface. This responsive behaviour was affected by solvent composition and its reproducible response was easily determined by luminescence experiments.

Dual-mode tunable viscosity sensitivity of a rotor-based fluorescent dye

Zhu, Liang-Liang,Qu, Da-Hui,Zhang, Dong,Chen, Zhao-Fei,Wang, Qiao-Chun,Tian, He

, p. 1254 - 1260 (2010)

The design and fabrication of new type viscosity sensor on molecular scale will enrich the detection means in both physical and life sciences. In this work, a rotor-containing fluorescent dye was prepared, which can reveal a typical viscosity-sensitive behavior due to the environment-induced non-radiative decay. The viscosity-sensitive behavior of this dye could be tunable (locked and activated) in aqueous environment, either with the reversible light-driven trans/cis-photoisomerization of the cyanostilbene moiety, or with the reversible assembly/disassembly process of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to the rotor part. Such dual-mode tunable viscosity sensitivity can be well distinguished by fluorescent spectra. A slope method, on double-logarithmic plots of the fluorescent signal to the corresponding environmental viscosity, makes a quantitative estimation to the tunable viscosity sensitivity, featuring the 'Activated' and the 'Locked' state in this molecular-scale viscometer.

Fluorescent polystyrene films for the detection of volatile organic compounds using the twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism ?

Borelli, Mirko,Iasilli, Giuseppe,Minei, Pierpaolo,Pucci, Andrea

, (2017)

Thin films of styrene copolymers containing fluorescent molecular rotors were demonstrated to be strongly sensitive to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Styrene copolymers of 2-[4-vinyl(1,1-biphenyl)-4-yl]-cyanovinyljulolidine (JCBF) were prepared with different P(STY-co-JCBF)(m) compositions (m% = 0.10–1.00) and molecular weights of about 12,000 g/mol. Methanol solutions of JCBF were not emissive due to the formation of the typical twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state at low viscosity regime, which formation was effectively hampered by adding progressive amounts of glycerol. The sensing performances of the spin-coated copolymer films (thickness of about 4 μm) demonstrated significant vapochromism when exposed to VOCs characterized by high vapour pressure and favourable interaction with the polymer matrix such as tetrahydrofurane (THF), CHCl3 and CH2Cl2. The vapochromic response was also reversible and reproducible after successive exposure cycles, whereas the fluorescence variation scaled linearly with VOC concentration, thus suggesting future applications as VOC optical sensors.

Solvatochromism and intramolecular charge transfer in dialkylamino-substituted halogenated thienyl chalcone analogues

Echevarria, Lorenzo,Fernández-Terán, Ricardo,Hernández, Florencio Eloy,Sucre-Rosales, Estefanía,Urdaneta, Neudo

, (2020/05/29)

Herein, we present the study of two complementary intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in two sets of dialkylamino-substituted halogenated thienyl chalcones. We demonstrate that while the first (and stronger) ICT takes place from the 4-(dialkylamino)phenyl moiety to the enone, the second ICT involves the thienyl substituent as the donor. The former is evidenced by a robust solvatochromic shift in both absorption and emission spectra, implying a large increase in the dipole moment upon excitation to the lowest excited state. The latter, a short-range ICT process, is confirmed upon photoexcitation of the higher energy bands, and its enhancement by the larger polarizability of the iodine substituent. With the help of (TD)-DFT calculations and the solvatochromic method, we quantified the extent of these effects and set the stage for further developments towards the design of new chalcone-based dyes. We demonstrated that theoretical calculations allow fine-tuning the sensitive balance between these complementary ICT processes.

A fluorescent molecular rotor probe for tracking plasma membranes and exosomes in living cells

Au-Yeung, Sung King,Chen, Qingxin,Feng, Ling,Hailu, Hagos Birhanu,Liu, Zhiyang,Pang, Qiuxiang,Sun, Hongyan,Xie, Yusheng,Yang, Mengsu,Yao, Xi,Zhang, Jie,Zhang, Liang

supporting information, p. 8480 - 8483 (2020/08/13)

A rotor-based probe MRMP-1 was designed and synthesized. MRMP-1 can bind to plasma membranes very quickly and stably with remarkable fluorescence enhancement. It can be used to monitor the dynamic changes in cell membranes in real-time under stimuli conditions. Importantly, MRMP-1 is the first rotor-based fluorescent sensor to label exosomes in living cells.

Novel aza-BODIPY based small molecular NIR-II fluorophores for: In vivo imaging

Bai, Lei,Sun, Pengfei,Liu, Yi,Zhang, Hang,Hu, Wenbo,Zhang, Wansu,Liu, Zhipeng,Fan, Quli,Li, Lin,Huang, Wei

supporting information, p. 10920 - 10923 (2019/09/18)

The development of new NIR-II fluorophores, particularly those with facile syntheses, high fluorescence quantum yields, and stable and tunable photophysical properties, is challenging. Herein, we report a new class of small molecular NIR-II fluorophores based on aza-dipyrromethene boron difluoride (aza-BODIPY) dyes. We demonstrate promising photophysical properties of these dyes, such as large Stokes shift, superior photostability, and good fluorescence brightness as nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Because of these properties and high resolution and deep penetration NIR-II imaging ability, the aza-BODIPY based dyes show great potential as NIR-II imaging agents.

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Amino-Substituted Benzhydrylium Ions – A Link between Ordinary Carbocations and Neutral Electrophiles

Mayer, Robert J.,Hampel, Nathalie,Mayer, Peter,Ofial, Armin R.,Mayr, Herbert

supporting information, p. 412 - 421 (2018/09/14)

Optimized synthetic procedures for the straightforward access to eleven amino-substituted diarylmethylium tetrafluoroborates are described. These benzhydrylium ions cover a range of seven orders of magnitude in electrophilicity and provide a link between ordinary carbocations and neutral electrophiles. Five of these highly stabilized benzhydrylium tetrafluoroborates were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. While the experimentally determined bond lengths and angles in the solid state perfectly agree with those calculated by DFT methods for the gas phase and aqueous solution, crystal packing accounts for large differences in the twist angles of the aryl groups found in the solid state as compared to calculated structures.

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