41419-25-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Method for synthesizing lactam derivative without catalyst
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Paragraph 0046-0049, (2019/07/10)
The invention discloses a simple synthesis method for a lactam derivative. The method comprises the step that with formamide as an amine source and a hydrogen donor (hydrolyzed to produce formic acid)and keto acid as raw materials, the lactam derivative is easily synthesized through a cycloamination reaction without a solvent or a catalyst. Compared with previous reports, the time required for the reaction is greatly shortened, the selectivity is remarkably improved, the conversion rate of the keto acid derivative is 99%, and the yield of the lactam derivative can reach 70-94%.
A Facile Direct Route to N-(Un)substituted Lactams by Cycloamination of Oxocarboxylic Acids without External Hydrogen
Li, Hu,Wu, Hongguo,Zhang, Heng,Su, Yaqiong,Yang, Song,Hensen, Emiel J. M.
, p. 3778 - 3784 (2019/08/07)
Lactams are privileged in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical agents and widely featured in functional materials. This study presents a novel versatile approach to the direct synthesis of lactams from oxocarboxylic acids without catalyst or external hydrogen. The method involves the in situ release of formic acid from formamides induced by water to facilitate efficient cycloamination. Water also suppresses the formation of byproducts. This unconventional pathway is elucidated by a combination of model experiments and density functional theory calculations, whereby cyclic imines (5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrrolone and its tautomeric structures) are found to be favorable intermediates toward lactam formation, in contrast to the conventional approach encompassing cascade reductive amination and cyclization. This sustainable and simple protocol is broadly applicable for the efficient production of various N-unsubstituted and N-substituted lactams.
An Efficient Two-Step Preparation of α-, β-, γ- or δ-Amino Acids from 2-Pyrazinones, 2-Hydroxypyrimidines or 2-Pyridones Respectively
Zacharie, Boulos,Abbott, Shaun D.,Baigent, Christopher B.,Doyle, Christopher,Yalagala, Ravi Shekar
, p. 6486 - 6493 (2018/11/23)
A practical and efficient two-step procedure is reported for the preparation of a variety of α-, β-, γ- and δ-amino acids from 2-pyridone, 2-pyrazinone or 2-hydroxypyrimidine and derivatives. The procedure is amenable to scale-up and in most cases no chromatographic purification of the product is required. This approach is useful, especially in the synthesis of amino acids or deuterated amino acids that are not obtained by other methods.
One-Pot Reductive Allylation of Amides by Using a Combination of Titanium Hydride and an Allylzinc Reagent: Application to a Total Synthesis of (-)-Castoramine
Itabashi, Suguru,Shimomura, Masashi,Sato, Manabu,Azuma, Hiroki,Okano, Kentaro,Sakata, Juri,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi
, p. 1786 - 1790 (2018/07/03)
A one-pot direct reductive allylation protocol has been developed for the synthesis of secondary amines by using titanium hydride and an allylzinc reagent. This protocol is applicable to a broad range of substrates, including acyclic amides, benzamides, α,β-unsaturated amides, and lactams. The stereochemical outcome obtained from the reaction with crotylzinc reagent suggested that the allylation reaction proceeds through a six-membered cyclic transition state. A total synthesis of (-)-castoramine was accomplished by following this protocol for the highly stereoselective construction of contiguous stereocenters.
Stereoselective nucleophilic addition reactions to cyclic n-acyliminium ions using the indirect cation pool method: Elucidation of stereoselectivity by spectroscopic conformational analysis and dft calculations
Mitsudo, Koichi,Yamamoto, Junya,Akagi, Tomoya,Yamashita, Atsuhiro,Haisa, Masahiro,Yoshioka, Kazuki,Mandai, Hiroki,Ueoka, Koji,Hempel, Christian,Yoshida, Jun-ichi,Suga, Seiji
, p. 1192 - 1202 (2018/06/04)
In this study, six-membered N-acyliminium ions were generated by the “indirect cation pool” method and reacted with several nucleophiles. These reactions afforded disubstituted piperidine derivatives with high diastereoselectivities and good to excellent
Conversion of γ- and δ-Keto Esters into Optically Active Lactams. Transaminases in Cascade Processes
Mourelle-Insua, ángela,Zampieri, Luiz Arthur,Lavandera, Iván,Gotor-Fernández, Vicente
, p. 686 - 695 (2018/02/21)
A one-pot two-step enzymatic strategy has been designed for the production of optically active γ- and δ-lactams in aqueous medium under mild conditions. The approach is based on the biotransamination of ethyl or methyl keto esters bearing different alkyl or aryl substitution patterns at α-position to the ketone functionality. In this manner, the keto esters were transformed into the corresponding amino esters with excellent conversions, which underwent spontaneous cyclisation in the reaction medium without addition of external reagents. Depending on the transaminase selectivity, both lactam enantiomers can be obtained, so initial enzyme screenings were performed using commercially available and made in house enzymes. Reaction conditions were optimised focusing on the substrate concentration, temperature and ratio of amine donor vs acceptor. Thus, ten γ- and δ-lactams were obtained in good to high isolated yields (70–90%) and excellent selectivities (94–99%) after one or two days at 30 or 45 °C. (Figure presented.).
The acid-mediated ring opening reactions of α-aryl-lactams
King, Frank D.,Caddick, Stephen
supporting information; experimental part, p. 3244 - 3252 (2012/06/01)
4-Aryl-azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) undergo ring opening with triflic acid to give cinnamamides which, in benzene, react further to give 3-aryl-3-phenyl-propionamides. Prolonged reaction times in benzene give 3,3-diphenyl-propionamide via an aryl/phenyl ex
Mn(III)-mediated formal [3+3]-annulation of vinyl azides and cyclopropanols: A divergent synthesis of azaheterocycles
Wang, Yi-Feng,Toh, Kah Kah,Ng, Eileen Pei Jian,Chiba, Shunsuke
supporting information; experimental part, p. 6411 - 6421 (2011/06/19)
Mn(III)-mediated formal [3+3]-annulation has been developed using readily available vinyl azides and cyclopropanols with a wide range of substituents. Vinyl azides were successfully applied as a three-atom unit including one nitrogen to prepare pyridines and σ-lactams by the reactions with monocyclic cyclopropanols as well as to construct 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1] and 2-azabicyclo[4.3.1] frameworks with bicyclic cyclopropanols, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols, and bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-ols. These reactions were initiated by a radical addition of β-carbonyl radicals, generated by the one-electron oxidation of cyclopropanols with Mn(III), to vinyl azides to give iminyl radicals, which cyclized with the intramolecular carbonyl groups. In addition, application of the present methodology to a synthesis of the quaternary indole alkaloid, melinonine-E, was accomplished.
FUSED TRIAZOLE AMINES AS P2X7 MODULATORS
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, (2011/04/18)
Compounds of the formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, Y, R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds and using the compounds for treatment of dise
Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) strategy for the preparation of 6-aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted piperidin-2-one scaffolds: Experimental and theoretical studies
Long, Sha,Monari, Magda,Panunzio, Mauro,Bandini, Elisa,D'Aurizio, Antonio,Venturini, Alessandro
experimental part, p. 6218 - 6225 (2011/12/01)
Preparation of piperidine-2-one scaffolds by the hetero-Diels-Alder (HAD) reaction, assisted by microwaves, is described. The versatility of this new approach has been demonstrated by the synthesis of racemic (±)-2- phenylpiperidine. Theoretical calculati
