531-52-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Germination and Viability Tests:
Triphenylformazan is used as an indicator in germination and viability tests to assess the metabolic activity of cells. It is reduced to a colored formazan product, which can be measured spectrophotometrically, providing a quantitative assessment of cell viability and germination potential.
Used in Quantification of TTC Reduction Activity:
In the field of microbiology, Triphenylformazan is used as a standard to study the optical density of formazan produced by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-treated bacterial cells. This allows for the quantification of TTC reduction activity, which is an important parameter in assessing bacterial metabolism and growth.
Used in Seed Testing:
Triphenylformazan is used as a standard in seed testing to evaluate the germination potential of seeds. It is used to study the optical density of formazan produced by TTC-treated milled seeds, providing a quantitative measure of seed viability and germination capacity.
Used in Cardiology Research:
In cardiology research, Triphenylformazan is used to stain heart tissue for infarct size assessment. It can be used in conjunction with perfusion fixation to allow morphometric studies, in addition to histology and immunohistochemistry, providing valuable insights into the extent of tissue damage and the effectiveness of potential treatments.

InChI:InChI=1/C19H16N4/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(22-20-17-12-6-2-7-13-17)23-21-18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1-15,20H/b22-19-,23-21+

Upstream product

• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 35364-31-9 1,3-diphenyl-tetraz-1-ene 
• 141-52-6 sodium ethanolate 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 100-63-0 phenylhydrazine 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 98-07-7 Benzotrichlorid 
• 5333-86-8 ethyl benzimidate hydrochloride 
• 613-92-3 N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide 
• 15424-14-3 N-phenylbenzohydrazonoyl chloride 
• 2684-02-8 benzenediazonium 
• 588-64-7 benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone 
• 100-34-5 benzene diazonium chloride 
• 728-95-0 phenyl-phenylhydrazono-acetic acid 

Downstream Products

• 298-96-4 triphenyltetrazolium chloride 
• 1096-80-6 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium bromide 
• 6299-90-7 3-phenylbenzo-1,2,4-triazine 
• 74121-68-9 1,1-diacetoxy-2,4,6-triphenyl-1-bora-2,3,5,6-tetrazine 
• 122228-34-6 3-dimethylamino-2,4,6-triphenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1-yl 
• 77914-40-0 3,4-dihydro-2,3,3,4,6-pentaphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yl 
• 100983-75-3 C₂₆H₂₂N₄S₂*ClHO₄ 
• 13014-90-9 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium iodide 
• 113223-42-0 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium; acetate 
• 53708-91-1 bis(1,3,5-triphenyl-5-formazanyl)copper 
• 53708-90-0 bis[1,3,5-triphenyl formazanato]nickel(II) 
• 77110-90-8 Ru(C₆H₄)N₂C(C₆H₅)N₂C₆H₅(CO)(As(C₆H₅)3)2 
• 77110-91-9 Os(C₆H₄)N₂C(C₆H₅)N₂C₆H₅(CO)(P(C₆H₅)3)2 
• 77123-39-8 Ru(C₆H₄)N₂C(C₆H₅)N₂C₆H₅(CO)(P(C₆H₅)3)2 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of 2-(4-R1-Phenyl)-6-(4-R2-phenyl)-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yls

Abstract: A new methodology for creating electroactive components for organic batteries,based on the construction of a molecular platform including stable3,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-ylradicals was described. A series of2-(4-R1-phenyl)-6-(4-R2-phenyl)-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yls with substituents of various nature wasobtained. It was shown that the substituents R1 inthe aromatic ring at position 2 of the tetrazinyl fragment influence the valueof the oxidation potential in the radical, but do not influence the value of thereduction potentials, while the substituent R2 of thearomatic ring at position 6 influence the values of the reduction potentials andpractically do not influence oxidation potential values. Based on the obtainedelectrochemical data, a correlation structure–potential value was revealed forthe cathodic and anodic process, with the help of which triarylsubstituted3,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-ylradicals with high values of the electrochemical gap were obtained.

Triarylverdazyl radicals as promising redox-active components of rechargeable organic batteries

A novel design of electroactive components of rechargeable organic batteries based on stable verdazyl radicals bearing various substituents is proposed. 3-Positioned aromatic substituents at the verdazyl moiety affect the reduction potentials and almost do not affect the oxidation potential, while 1-positioned aromatic substituents affect contrariwise the oxidation potential of this radical without any influence on the reduction potential. The acquired electrochemical data allowed us to reveal the structure—potential relationship for the cathodic and anodic processes, which provided the design of triarylverdazyl radicals possessing record-breaking parameters of the “electrochemical gap”.

Chromogenic Reaction of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine with Aryltetrazolium Salts

The reactions of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine with 2,3,5-triphenyl-2Н-tetrazolium and 2,5-diphenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2Н-tetrazolium chlorides in a solution and on a cellulose carrier have been studied by means of spectrophotometry and chromato–mass spectrometry to develop new chromogenic indicators for detection of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. 1,3,5-Triphenylformazan and 1,3-diphenyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)formazan are formed in these reactions, respectively; deep red shifts have been observed. Other products of these reactions result from oligomerization and addition of short-living 1,1-dimethylhydrazyl and tetrazolium radicals.

Method for preparing chlorinated-3-substituted-2,5-diphenyl tetrazole under catalysis of copper Lewis acid surfactant

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis and specifically relates to a method for preparing chlorinated-3-substituted-2,5-diphenyl tetrazole under the catalysis of a copper Lewis acid surfactant. The method comprises the following steps: 1) reacting benzaldehyde, phenylhydrazine, arylamine and sodium nitrite in solvent water by taking a copper Lewis acid surfactant Cu(OSO2CnH2n+1)2 as a catalyst to obtain 3-aryl-2,5-diphenylformazan; and 2) cyclizing and chlorinating 3-aryl-2,5-diphenylformazan in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and water under the condition of a solid chlorination reagent N-chlorosuccinimide to obtain chlorinated-3-substituted-2,5-diphenyl tetrazole. By using the method, three-step conversion is completed according to a ''one-pot method'' continuous strategy, not only is an intermediate separation step omitted, but also the purification step is simple as well as convenient and easy to operate.

Microwave mediated solvent free synthesis of formazans catalyzed by simple ionic liquids derived from dialkylammonium salts

A microwave mediated, ionic liquid catalyzed, VOC free and one pot synthesis of formazans was developed. In an alternative procedure, resin immobilized diazonium ions was used as a solid supported reaction for formazan synthesis. The efficiency of both the procedures was examined with respect to yield of product, reduction of reaction time and environmental impact. Products were obtained in a short reaction time and in moderate to high yield. This study was undertaken to find an alternative green protocol for the synthesis of formazans using ionic liquid as catalyst in aqueous media in the absence of corrosive mineral acids, buffered solutions and VOCs.

BF3-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a novel heterogeneous solid acid for synthesis of formazan derivatives via a green protocol

A new type of green heterogeneous solid acid was prepared by the immobilization of BF3·Et2O on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2-BF3) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The activity of this super solid acid was probed through the synthesis of aryl diazonium salts as the starting reactant and then, their diazo coupling with aldehyde phenylhydrazones for formation of formazan derivatives in a solvent-free medium at room temperature. This clean and environmentally benign methodology has advantages such as: no need for corrosive and toxic liquid acids, solvents, or buffer solutions, room temperature reaction, high yields, and short reaction times. In addition, long-term stability of aryl diazonium salts supported on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2-BF3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at room temperature was one of the most important results of this procedure.

Nano BF3·SiO2: A green heterogeneous solid acid for synthesis of formazan dyes under solvent-free condition

A solvent-free, efficient and rapid approach for synthesis of formazan dyes was developed by diazotization of aromatic amines with NaNO2, nano silica-supported boron trifluoride (nano BF3·SiO2), then diazo coupling with aldehyde phenylhydrazones by grinding method at room temperature. This study aimed to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of the previous reported methods such as: low temperature, using corrosive and toxic acids and solvents, using buffer solutions, instability of aryl diazonium salts, modest yields, and long reaction times.

Synthesis and antimicrobial effects of 1,3,5-substituted phenyl formazans

In this study, novel formazans with various substituents on 1,3,5-phenyl rings were synthesized and their structures were elucidated with the use of elemental analysis, mass,1H NMR,13C NMR, IR, UV-VIS spectra. Also, antimicrobial effects of formazans were tested against selected microorganism, Staphylococus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, the antiyeast effects of the formazans are seen on the Candida kefir, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neofarmans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, it was generally observed that the formazans were very active against Candida kefir, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neofarmans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Spectrophotometric determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride in tablets and urine

A simple, sensitive and precise visible spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride in pure form, in tablets and in human urine. The method is based on the reaction of pioglitazone hydrochloride with tetrazolium blue reagent in presence of sodium hydroxide at 65 °C to form a pink-violet product with maximum absorbance at 518 nm. The optimum reaction conditions and reaction stoichiometry were evaluated. Linear calibration graph from 5-45 ?g/mL of pioglitazone hydrochloride was obtained with minimum detectability of 1.4 ?g/mL and a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The relative deviation (n = 10) was 1.6. The method was applied to the determination of the drug in glustin tablets and gave good results. The method was successfully applied to the determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride in spiked human urine.

Electrochemical and spectroscopic behaviors of 1-(o-, m-, p- Cl, or Br) substituted phenyl-3, 5-diphenylformazans in dimethyl sulfoxide

1-(o-, m-, p-Cl, -Br) substituted phenyl-3, 5-diphenylformazans were synthesized. Their structures were elucidated and spectral behaviours were investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis spectral data. The electrochemical properties such as number of electrons transferred (n), diffusion coefficient (D) and heterogeneous rate constant (ks) were determined and possible mechanisms were proposed using platinum and ultramicro platinum electrodes, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The oxidations were carried out at different electrochemical steps that were dependent upon the structure of formazans. The relation between their absorption properties with electrochemical properties was investigated. A suitable correlation was obtained between the absorption λmax with electrochemical properties, and between the oxidation peak potentials Eox1 with ks values of formazans.