54894-37-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Zirconium-catalysed direct substitution of alcohols: enhancing the selectivity by kinetic analysis
Camaj, David,Carlsson, Robin,Dalla-Santa, Oscar,Lill, Malin,Lundberg, Helena,Margarita, Cristiana,Ramstr?m, Anja,Tu?on, Hernando,Villo, Piret
, p. 7420 - 7430 (2021/11/23)
Kinetic analysis was used as a tool for rational optimization of a catalytic, direct substitution of alcohols to enable the selective formation of unsymmetrical ethers, thioethers, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation products using a moisture-tolerant and commercially available zirconium complex (2 to 8 mol%). Operating in air and in the absence of dehydration techniques, the protocol furnished a variety of products in high yields, including glycosylated alcohols and sterically hindered ethers. In addition, the kinetic studies provided mechanistic insight into the network of parallel transformations that take place in the reaction, and helped to elucidate the nature of the operating catalyst.
Specific reactivity of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylanilide anions and its application to benzylation reagent
Yamada, Tomoyuki,Tsukagoshi, Shiori,Kitagawa, Osamu
, p. 317 - 320 (2017/01/03)
The reaction of methyl iodide with an anilide anion prepared from 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylanilide and NaH in CH3CN gave N-methyl anilide (N-alkylation product) as a major product, while in the reaction of benzyl bromide with the anilide anion in DMF, O-benzyl imidate (O-alkylation product) was obtained with almost complete selectivity. The treatment of O-benzyl imidate with alcohols and carboxylic acids in the presence of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid gave benzyl ethers and benzyl esters, respectively.
A gold catalytic the method for synthesizing calls the ether
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Paragraph 0029-0032, (2017/02/28)
The invention provides a synthetic method of asymmetrical ether in the field of organic synthesis. The general equation of reaction is defined in the specification. In the equation, R-OH is benzyl alcohol, p-methoxy benzyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, diphenyl carbinol or triphenylmethanol; and R'OH is common alkyl alcohol or a compound containing hydroxyl groups. A gold catalyst required by the reaction is Ph3PAuCl, Ph3PAuNTf2, HAuCl4, NaAuCl4, Ph3PAuOTf, Ph3PAuSbF6, IPrAuCl or nano-gold. A medium required by the reaction is solvent-free, and is toluene, mesitylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or acetone. The reaction is implemented by heating through a microwave reactor. The method has advantages as follows: raw materials are easily available; operation is simple; the range of application is wide; atom economy is good; and the reaction is green.
Vanadium-Catalyzed Oxidative Debenzylation of O-Benzyl Ethers at ppm Level
Urgoitia, Garazi,SanMartin, Raul,Herrero, María Teresa,Domínguez, Esther
supporting information, p. 3307 - 3312 (2016/10/21)
An advantageous methodology for the oxidative debenzylation of ethers has been developed. Very low amounts of a catalyst system based on vanadyl acetylacetonate and a triazole type pincer ligand allow the selective oxidative cleavage of a number of O-benzyl ethers in the presence of oxygen as the sole oxidant. The methodology tolerates a number of functional groups such as halo-, alkoxy-, or trifluoromethylarenes, alkyne, alkene, ether, and acetal units. Large-scale deprotections can be also carried out by the optimized procedure, which is amenable to enantioenriched reactants as well. (Figure presented.).
Gold(I)-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical ethers using alcohols as alkylating reagents
Liu, Yongxiang,Wang, Xiaoyu,Wang, Yanshi,Du, Chuan,Shi, Hui,Jin, Shengfei,Jiang, Chongguo,Xiao, Jianyong,Cheng, Maosheng
, p. 1029 - 1036 (2015/03/30)
A microwave-irradiated alcohol-protecting strategy based on gold catalysis utilizing benzyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and triphenylmethanol as alkylating reagents has been developed. This protecting strategy has wide functional group tolerance with satisfactory yields for the majority of the selected alcohols. The mechanism of this transformation was probed with oxygen-18 isotope labelled alcohols assisted by GC-MS techniques and chemical kinetic experiments. This strategy provides an efficient, straightforward and alternative approach to the preparation of benzyl, tert-butyl and trityl ethers in organic synthesis.
Photocatalytic nucleophilic addition of alcohols to styrenes in Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov orientation
Weiser, Martin,Hermann, Sergej,Penner, Alexander,Wagenknecht, Hans-Achim
, p. 568 - 575 (2015/06/08)
The nucleophilic addition of methanol and other alcohols to 1,1-diphenylethylene (1) and styrene (6) into the Markovnikov- and anti-Markovnikov-type products was selectively achieved with 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyrene (Py) and 1,7-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PDI) as photoredox catalysts. The regioselectivity was controlled by the photocatalyst. For the reductive mode towards the Markovnikov-type regioselectivity, Py was applied as photocatalyst and triethylamine as electron shuttle. This approach was also used for intramolecular additions. For the oxidative mode towards the anti-Markovnikov-type regioselectivety, PDI was applied together with Ph-SH as additive. Photocatalytic additions of a variety of alcohols gave the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The proposed photocatalytic electron transfer mechanism was supported by detection of the PDI radical anion as key intermediate and by comparison of two intramolecular reactions with different electron density. Representative mesoflow reactor experiments allowed to significantly shorten the irradiation times and to use sunlight as "green"light source.
Step-economy etherification of acylated alcohols
Xu, Hua-Dong,Xu, Ke,Zheng, Qing,He, Wei-Jie,Shen, Mei-Hua,Hu, Wen-Hao
supporting information, p. 6836 - 6838 (2015/01/09)
An efficient and convenient protocol has been developed for ether bond formation in mild conditions. A mixture of primary/secondary ester and allylic/benzylic halide in tetrahydrofuran was treated with KOtBu at room temperature to give ether in high yield. This step economic method enabled direct alkylation of the acyl group masked O-nucleophiles. Application of this method in carbohydrate synthesis was feasible and chemo-selectivity can be achieved.
Benzylation of arenes with benzyl ethers promoted by the in situ prepared superacid BF3-H2O
Li, Yu,Xiong, Yan,Li, Xueming,Ling, Xuege,Huang, Ruofeng,Zhang, Xiaohui,Yang, Jianchun
supporting information, p. 2976 - 2981 (2014/06/10)
An efficient and environmentally friendly benzylation of arenes with benzyl ethers as benzyl donors using BF3-Et2O to generate in situ the superacid BF3-H2O as an efficient promotor has been described. A wide variety of functional groups have been investigated and found to be compatible to give the desired diarylmethanes in yields of up to 99%. The crucial role of the moisture content in this transformation has been demonstrated by detailed investigations. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Benzylation of hydroxy groups with tertiary amine as a base
Gathirwa, Jeremiah W.,Maki, Toshihide
experimental part, p. 370 - 375 (2012/01/14)
The benzylation of hydroxy groups in the presence of tertiary amines is described. A mixture of an alcohol and a benzyl halide afforded the corresponding benzyl ether in good to excellent yields in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The importance of solventless conditions was observed. The reaction showed high tolerance to many functional groups including benzoate, even at a reaction temperature of 150 °C. Sodium iodide was found to be an efficient catalyst to accelerate the reaction.
Gold-catalyzed C-S bond formation from thiols
Jean, Micka?l,Renault, Jacques,van de Weghe, Pierre,Asao, Naoki
supporting information; experimental part, p. 378 - 381 (2010/03/24)
ortho-Alkynylbenzoic acid alkyl esters act as alkylating agents of thiol derivatives with PPh3AuCl in combination with AgOTf in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C. The corresponding sulfide compounds are obtained in good to excellent yields.
