58-54-8 Usage
Description
Ethacrynic acid is a loop diuretic with anticancer activity., It inhibits the Na-K-2Cl (NKCC) cotransporter in duck erythrocytes (IC50 = 0.18 mM) and ATP-dependent chloride uptake in rat renal plasma membrane vesicles when used at a concentration of 0.3 mM., Ethacrynic acid also inhibits glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) and GSTA3-3 (IC50s = 4.9 and ~0.4 μM, respectively), and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a cell-based reporter assay. It is cytotoxic to primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (IC50 = 8.56 μM), as well as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 4T1 cancer cells (IC50s = 45.53, 39.64, and 25.23 μM, respectively). Ethacrynic acid (250 μg per day) increases tumor growth reduction induced by the EGFR family inhibitors afatinib (Item Nos. 11492 | 21567) or neratinib in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model. Formulations containing ethacrynic acid have been used in the treatment of edema.
Chemical Properties
White Solid
Originator
Hydromedin,MSD,W. Germany,1966
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 58-54-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. A diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and swelling caused by congestive heart failure, liver failure and kidney failure.
2. Ethacrynic acid is a powerful diuretic prescribed for edema associated with cardiac insufficiency,
renal edema that does not respond to other diuretics, and edema of the brain and
lungs.
3. Ethacrynic acid is used to inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
Definition
ChEBI: An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such
as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.
Manufacturing Process
Step A: Preparation of 2,3-Dichloro-4-Butyrylphenoxy Acid - The product is
prepared using the following ingredients: 22.1 grams (0.1 mol) 2,3-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 21.3 grams (0.2 mol) n-butyryl chloride; and 53.3
grams (0.4 mol) powdered aluminum chloride.The 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and n-butyryl chloride are placed in the
reaction vessel and stirred while the aluminum chloride is added portionwise
over a 45-minute period. The mixture then is heated on the steam bath for 3
hours and allowed to cool to room temperature. The gummy product obtained
is added to a mixture of 300 ml of crushed ice and 30 ml concentrated
hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture is extracted with ether and the extract
evaporated at reduced pressure. The residue is suspended in boiling water
and dissolved by addition of a minimum quantity of 40% sodium hydroxide.
After treatment with decolorizing charcoal and filtering, the hot filtrate is
made acid to Congo red paper and chilled in ice.The oil that separates is extracted with ether, the extract dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and then evaporated at reduced pressure. The
residue is dissolved in boiling benzene (75 ml) treated with decolorizing
charcoal, filtered, treated with boiling cyclohexane (275 milliliters) and cooled
to give 22.3 grams of 2,3-dichloro-4-butyrylphenoxyacetic acid. After several
recrystallizations from a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane, then from
methyl cyclohexane, next from a mixture of acetic acid and water, and finally
from methylcyclohexane, the product melts at 110° to 111°C (corr).Step B: Preparation of 2,3-Dichloro-4-[2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)
Butyryl]Phenoxyacetic Acid Hydrochloride - In a 100 ml round flask equipped
with an outlet tube suitable for application of intermittent suction, an intimate
mixture of 5.20 grams (0.0179 mol) 2,3-dichloro-4-butyrylphenoxyacetic acid;
0.63 gram (0.0209 mol) paraformaldehyde; 1.59 grams (0.0195 mol) dry
dimethylamine hydrochloride; and 4 drops acetic acid is heated on the steam bath for about 1.5 hours during which period suction is applied for about 1
minute intervals five or six times. Upon cooling, a solid is obtained, The crude
reaction product is triturated with ether to give 5.8 grams (85%) of 2.3-
dichloro-4-[2-dimethylaminomethyl)butyryl]phenoxyacetic acid hydrochloride
in the form of a white solid. After two recrystallizations from a mixture of
methanol and ether, the product melts at 165° to 167°C.Step C: Preparation of 2,3-Dichloro-4-(2-Methylenebutyryl) Phenoxyacetic
Acid - The Mannich compound obtained as described above is treated with
aqueous sodium bicarbonate to form 2,3-dichloro-4-(2-
methylenebutyryl)phenoxyacetic acid, MP 115° to 118°C. Two
recrystallizations from a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane give white solid
material melting at 118.5° to 120.5°C.
Brand name
Edecrin (Merck).
General Description
White solid.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Ethacrynic acid may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. Can react exothermically with reducing agents (such as alkali metals and hydrides) to release gaseous hydrogen. May react exothermically with acids. Reacts exothermically with all bases both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.
Fire Hazard
Ethacrynic acid is probably combustible.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Ethacrynic acid is non sulfonamide loop diuretic that is used to treat high blood pressure and the swelling caused by diseases like congestive heart failure. Ethacrynic acid blocks sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport. Also, Ethacrynic acid potently inhibits glutathione S-transferase family members. Studies show that ethacrynic acid potently inhibits Tgase-2 (transglutaminase-2) dependent metastasis of cancer cells including lung and pancreatic cancers.
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of ethacrynic acid appears to be more complex than the simple addition of sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme to
the drug molecule. When the double bond of ethacrynic acid is reduced, the resultant compound is still active, although the diuretic activity is diminished. The sulfhydryl
groups of the enzyme would not be expected to add to the drug molecule in the absence of the α,β-unsaturated ketone.These compounds are potent high-ceiling diuretics that resemble ethacrynic acid in their mechanism of action. The ethyl ester group represents a pro-drug that can be
easily hydrolyzed to the free carboxyl group. As in ethacrynic acid, a 2,3-dichloro substitution is necessary. In addition, a para-hydroxyl group and an unsubstituted
aminomethyl group on the benzene ring are highly beneficial. The carbonyl group can be replaced with an ether or sulfide group. These compounds have no ability to add
the sulfhydryl groups of the kidney enzymes. The complete mechanism of action of these compounds remains in doubt.
Synthesis
Ethacrynic acid—[2,3-dichloro-4-(2-methylenbutyryl)phenoxy]acetic
acid (21.4.9), is synthesized from 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. This is acylated with butyroyl
chloride, forming 4-butyroyl-2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (21.4.7), which is further
aminomethylated under Mannich reaction conditions using dimethylamine and formaldehyde.
The resulting product (21.4.8) undergoes further thermal degredation, forming an
unsaturated ketone—ethacrynic acid (21.4.9).
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Ethacrynic acid is a loop diuretic that shares the same indications
as furosemide (congestive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, hypercalcuric
nephropathy, uremia, as adjunctive therapy in hyperkalemia
and, occasionally, as an antihypertensive agent). Its use has
been largely supplanted in the armamentarium by furosemide for
these indications.
Ethacrynic acid may be useful in the treatment of nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus as it may cause a paradoxical decrease in urine
volume. Other uses include the adjunctive treatment of hypercalcemia
and to increase the excretion of bromide in the treatment of
bromide toxicity.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 58-54-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 58-54:
(4*5)+(3*8)+(2*5)+(1*4)=58
58 % 10 = 8
So 58-54-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C13H12Cl2O4/c1-3-7(2)13(18)8-4-5-9(12(15)11(8)14)19-6-10(16)17/h4-5H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,16,17)
58-54-8Relevant articles and documents
Arene Osmium Complexes with Ethacrynic Acid-Modified Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Intracellular Glutathione S-Transferase Inhibition and Antiproliferative Activity
Agonigi, Gabriele,Riedel, Tina,Gay, M. Pilar,Biancalana, Lorenzo,O?ate, Enrique,Dyson, Paul J.,Pampaloni, Guido,Pǎunescu, Emilia,Esteruelas, Miguel A.,Marchetti, Fabio
, p. 1046 - 1056 (2016)
Four arene osmium complexes were prepared containing derivatives of ethacrynic acid, a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases, either by direct coordination or via N- or P-donor ligands. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods and, for Os(η6-p-cymene)(acetylacetonato)(2-(2,3-dichloro-4-(2-ethylenebutanoyl)phenoxy)acetato) and Os(η6-p-cymene)Cl2(2-(2-(2,3-dichloro-4-(2-methylenebutanoyl)phenoxy)acetoxy)ethyl nicotinato), by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity of the complexes toward human ovarian cancer cells and nontumorous human embryonic kidney cells was investigated, and two of the complexes, for which ruthenium analogues are known, helped to delineate the influence of the metal ion. Inhibition studies of intracellular glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, detoxification enzymes implicated in drug resistance) indicate that the observed cytotoxicity of the complexes involves GST inhibition, as well as other targets following dissociation of the ethacrynic acid group from the osmium(II) ion.
Process for the Preparation of Ethacrynic Acid
-
Paragraph 0080, (2018/05/03)
The invention provides an improved process for preparing Ethacrynic acid of formula I, including the steps of: (a) reacting 4-butyryl-2,3-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid of formula II with dimethylamine or its salt to obtain [2,3-dichloro-4-[2-dimethylaminomethyl butyryl phenoxy acetic acid of formula III or its salt; (b) hydrolysing [2,3-dichloro-4-[2-dimethylaminomethyl butyryl phenoxy acetic acid hydrochloride of formula III obtained in step a) with t-butyl amine to obtain t-butyl amine salt of Ethacrynic acid; (c) acidifying the t-butyl amine salt of Ethacrynic acid formed in step b) to obtain Ethacrynic acid of formula I; and(d) optionally purifying the obtained Ethacrynic acid with a solvent mixture of alkyl acetate and hydrocarbon solvent. The invention also provides crystalline t-butylamine salt of Ethacrynic acid and process thereof. Also provide compound Ethacrynic acid having a purity of greater than or equal to 99% and a composition including the compound.
Environmental-protection preparation method for high yielding of 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds containing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones
-
, (2017/08/30)
The invention provides an environmental-protection preparation method for high yielding of 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds containing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones; with 2,3-dichlorophenol as a raw material, an intermediate 5 is obtained through methylation and protection of phenolic hydroxyl groups, Friedel-Crafts acylation, methyl protecting group removal, nucleophilic substitution, ester hydrolysis, aldol condensation and dehydration reaction and then undergoes cyclization reaction with substituted amine oxime to obtain the target products 6r, 6s and 6u. The method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, has no use of first-class reagents and other reagents harmful on the environment and operating personnel, fewer by-products, stable and controllable reactions, simple postprocessing, high yield and purity, and easy industrialized production.