79481-83-7Relevant articles and documents
Nickel-Mediated Alkoxycarbonylation for Complete Carbon Isotope Replacement
Ton, Stephanie J.,Neumann, Karoline T.,N?rby, Peter,Skrydstrup, Troels
supporting information, p. 17816 - 17824 (2021/11/04)
Many commercial drugs, as well as upcoming pharmaceutically active compounds in the pipeline, display aliphatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as key structural entities. Synthetic methods for rapidly accessing isotopologues of such compounds are highly relevant for undertaking critical pharmacological studies. In this paper, we disclose a direct synthetic route allowing for full carbon isotope replacement via a nickel-mediated alkoxycarbonylation. Employing a nickelII pincer complex ([(N2N)Ni-Cl]) in combination with carbon-13 labeled CO, alkyl iodide, sodium methoxide, photocatalyst, and blue LED light, it was possible to generate the corresponding isotopically labeled aliphatic carboxylates in good yields. Furthermore, the developed methodology was applied to the carbon isotope substitution of several pharmaceutically active compounds, whereby complete carbon-13 labeling was successfully accomplished. It was initially proposed that the carboxylation step would proceed via the in situ formation of a nickellacarboxylate, generated by CO insertion into the Ni-alkoxide bond. However, preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest an alternative pathway involving attack of an open shell species generated from the alkyl halide to a metal ligated CO to generate an acyl NiIII species. Subsequent reductive elimination involving the alkoxide eventually leads to carboxylate formation. An excess of the alkoxide was essential for obtaining a high yield of the product. In general, the presented methodology provides a simple and convenient setup for the synthesis and carbon isotope labeling of aliphatic carboxylates, while providing new insights about the reactivity of the N2N nickel pincer complex applied.
A process for synthesizing phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard antineoplastic agent
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Paragraph 0038-0039; 0043-0044, (2018/02/04)
The invention relates to a synthesis process of an antineoplastic drug chlorambucil. The synthesis process comprises the following steps: (1) amino protection reaction; (2) acylation reaction; (3) reduction reaction; (4) carboxyl protection reaction; (5) substitution reaction; (6) chlorination reaction; and (7) deprotection reaction. According to the synthesis process, the amino group is protected by use of acetic anhydride, and then acylation, reduction, carboxyl protection, substitution, chlorination and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution hydrolysis are performed to obtain the chlorambucil. The synthesis process of the antineoplastic drug chlorambucil has the characteristics of low cost, mild reaction conditions, low toxicity, convenience in process operation, and suitability for industrial production.
ROS-Activated Compounds as Selective Anti-Cancer Therapeutics
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Paragraph 0168, (2013/09/12)
Provided are compounds according to the following Formula I: The Formula I compounds are activated in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are therefore selective anti-cancer therapeutics for cancers associated with elevated ROS. Also provided are methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating cancers associated with increased ROS.
