9003-29-6

Usage

Uses

Used in Detergent and Anti-rust Additive Industry:
Polybutenes are used as hydrophobic materials in the production of detergents and anti-rust additives. They are derivatized to enhance the performance and effectiveness of these products.
Used in Adhesives and Coatings Industry:
Polybutenes are used as additives in adhesives and coatings to improve their tack, flexibility, and water repellency. This contributes to the overall performance and durability of the final product.
Used in LLDPE Films Industry:
Polybutenes contribute to the 'cling' property of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films, enhancing their performance in various packaging applications.
Used as Plasticizers:
Polybutenes are used as plasticizers for polymers, helping to increase their flexibility and workability.
Used in Lubricants and Metal-working Fluids Industry:
Polybutenes are employed as lubricants and in metal-working fluids, providing excellent lubrication and reducing friction during manufacturing processes.

InChI:InChI=1/2C4H8/c2*1-3-4-2/h3-4H,1-2H3;3H,1,4H2,2H3/b4-3+;

Upstream product

• 186581-53-3 diazomethane 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 110-52-1 1,4-dibromo-butane 
• 71-23-8 propan-1-ol 
• 10467-10-4 ethylmagnesium iodide 
• 5954-46-1 diethyl ether ; compound with bromine 
• 109-65-9 1-bromo-butane 
• 106-98-9 1-butylene 
• 693-03-8 n-butyl magnesium bromide 
• 75-44-5 phosgene 
• 108-86-1 bromobenzene 
• 109-72-8 n-butyllithium 
• 74-96-4 ethyl bromide 
• 917-64-6 methyl magnesium iodide 

Downstream Products

• 92-52-4 biphenyl 
• 62-53-3 aniline 
• 187737-37-7 propene 
• 188290-36-0 thiophene 
• 89032-95-1 thiophene-3,4-dithione 
• 7582-04-9 butane-d₁₀ 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 50-00-0 formaldehyd 
• 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 
• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 17337-12-1 1-(trifluoromethyl)pentane 
• 2285-06-5 (E)-1,2-bis(pentafluorophenyl)diazene 
• 135733-51-6 N-(2-butyl)pentafluoroaniline 
• 676-55-1 methane-d2 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Tuning crystal phase of molybdenum carbide catalyst to induce the different selective hydrogenation performance

α-MoC, β-Mo2C, and MoC-Mo2C were synthesized and investigated in the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to understand the effect of crystal phases. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2-physisorption, SEM, TEM, XPS and chemisorptions. The adsorption properties and electronic properties over MoC(001) and Mo2C(001) were investigated by DFT calculations. The catalysts were evaluated at low and high temperatures in a fixed-bed reactor. β-Mo2C exhibits high activity and low butenes selectivity, due to the high concentration of hydrogen at each active site as well as the stronger adsorption and higher capacity of alkene; MoC-Mo2C shows better stability due to synergetic effect. At high temperature, the reaction rate is more dependent on the PH2 than PC4H6. Increasing PH2 could promote the activity and reduce oligomers formation. β-Mo2C exhibits the best performance at high temperatures concerning its high activity and the inhibition of oligomerization. This work is valuable for the non-precious metal catalyst development.

Conversion of Phenol and Lignin as Components of Renewable Raw Materials on Pt and Ru-Supported Catalysts

Hydrogenation of phenol in aqueous solutions on Pt-Ni/SiO2, Pt-Ni-Cr/Al2 O3, Pt/C, and Ru/C catalysts was studied at temperatures of 150–250? C and pressures of 40–80 bar. The possibility of hydrogenation of hydrolysis lignin in an aqueous medium in the presence of a Ru/C catalyst is shown. The conversion of hydrolysis lignin and water-soluble sodium lignosulfonate occurs with the formation of a complex mixture of monomeric products: a number of phenols, products of their catalytic hydrogenation (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone), and hydrogenolysis products (cyclic and aliphatic C2 –C7 hydrocarbons).

Ga+-catalyzed hydrosilylation? about the surprising system Ga+/HSiR3/olefin, proof of oxidation with subvalent Ga+and silylium catalysis with perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions

Already 1 mol% of subvalent [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]- ([pf]- = [Al(ORF)4]-, RF = C(CF3)3) initiates the hydrosilylation of olefinic double bonds under mild conditions. Reactions with HSiMe3 and HSiEt3 as substrates efficiently yield anti-Markovnikov and anti-addit

Tandem catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of butadiene with hydrogen generated from the decomposition of formic acid

We report for the first time the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butene using formic acid as the hydrogen source with 1 wt% Pd/carbon in a continuous flow reactor. The catalytic results show that the selectivity is even higher when formic acid is used compared to gas hydrogen.

A selective and stable Fe/TiO2catalyst for selective hydrogenation of butadiene in alkene-rich stream

The replacement of precious metals by more abundant and therefore much less expensive metals remains a very important challenge in catalysis. A Fe/TiO2catalyst prepared by deposition-precipitation with urea showed very high selectivity to alkenes (>99%), even at high conversion (>90%), in selective hydrogenation of butadiene in an excess of propene. Its activity is very stable at 175 °C whereas the catalyst deactivates at 50 °C, although it is also initially very active. The presence of metallic iron seems to be necessary to ensure these excellent performances.

Role of Ga3+promoter in the direct synthesis of iso-butanolviasyngas over a K-ZnO/ZnCr2O4catalyst

The direct synthesis of iso-butanol is an important reaction in syngas (composed of CO and H2) conversion. K-ZnO/ZnCr2O4(K-ZnCr) is a commonly used catalyst. Here, Ga3+is used as an effective promoter to boost the efficiency of the catalyst and retard the production of CO2. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to characterize the structural variations with different amounts of Ga3+, the results showed that the particle size of the catalyst decreases with the addition of Ga3+. The temperature-programmed desorption of NH3and CO2, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) analysis of the CO adsorption revealed that the acidity and basicity were altered owing to the different forms of Ga3+adoption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the formation of Ga clusters that are coordinated on the exposed surfaces of ZnCr2O4, and undergo a tetra-coordinated Ga3+exchange with one of the Zn in ZnCr2O4(ZG) and ZnGa2O4, probably depends on the amount of Ga added. The structural evolution of the Ga3+promoted K-ZnO/ZnCr2O4catalysts can be described as follows: (i) the main forms are ZG and Ga coordinated ZnCr2O4, in which the amount of Ga3+is below 1.10 wt%; and (ii) the Ga3+containing compound is gradually changed from ZG to ZnGa2O4and the amount of gallium clusters increased when the amount of Ga3+was higher than 1.10 wt%. The catalytic performance evaluation results show that K-Ga1.10ZnCr exhibits the highest space time yield and selectivity of alcohols, in which the three compounds play different roles in syngas conversion: ZG is the main active site that boosts the efficiency of the catalysts, owing to the intensified CO adsorption and decreased activation energy of CHO formation through CO hydrogenation; ZnGa2O4only modifies the surface basicity and acidity on the catalyst, thereby impacting the carbon chain growth after the CO is adsorbed. The effects of Ga coordinated with ZnCr2O4shows little impact on the CO adsorption owing to the weak electron donating effects of Ga.

Oxidative Addition of Aryl and Alkyl Halides to a Reduced Iron Pincer Complex

The two-electron oxidative addition of aryl and alkyl halides to a reduced iron dinitrogen complex with a strong-field tridentate pincer ligand has been demonstrated. Addition of iodobenzene or bromobenzene to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 (3,5-Me2MesCNC = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me-C6H2-imidazol-2-ylidene)2-3,5-Me2-pyridine) resulted in rapid oxidative addition and formation of the diamagnetic, octahedral Fe(II) products (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(Ph)(N2)(X), where X = I or Br. Competition experiments established the relative rate of oxidative addition of aryl halides as I > Br > Cl. A linear free energy of relative reaction rates of electronically differentiated aryl bromides (ρ = 1.5) was consistent with a concerted-type pathway. The oxidative addition of alkyl halides such as methyl-, isobutyl-, or neopentyl halides was also rapid at room temperature, but substrates with more accessible β-hydrogen positions (e.g., 1-bromobutane) underwent subsequent β-hydride elimination. Cyclization of an alkyl halide containing a radical clock and epimerization of neohexyl iodide-d2 upon oxidative addition to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 are consistent with radical intermediates during C(sp3)-X bond cleavage. Importantly, while C(sp2)-X and C(sp3)-X oxidative addition produces net two-electron chemistry, the preferred pathway for obtaining the products is concerted and stepwise, respectively.

Light-Induced Nonoxidative Coupling of Methane Using Stable Solid Solutions

Achieving efficient and direct conversion of methane under mild conditions is of great significance for innovations in the chemical industry. However, the efficiency and lifetime of most catalysts remain too far from practical requirements, since it is difficult to break the first C?H bond of methane as well as to suppress the following complete dehydrogenation (or overoxidation) and the resulting carbonaceous deposition (or CO2). Here, we report that wurtzite GaN:ZnO solid solutions exhibit unique and unprecedented photocatalytic performances for the nonoxidative coupling of methane at room temperature, exclusively generating ethane with nearly stoichiometric H2. High conversion rate (>330 μmol g?1 h?1), long-term stability (>70 h), and superior coke-resistance were achieved. At 293 K, the methane conversion exceeds 7 %, comparable to the equilibrium conversion of thermal catalysis at 910 K. Mechanistic studies revealed that the N-ZnGa-ON units and the absence of acid sites on the surface played crucial roles in reactivity and coke resistance, respectively.

RED SLUDGE USED AS A CATALYST FOR OLEFIN ISOMERIZATION

The invention relates to systems and a method for isomerizing a charge to form a stream of alpha-olefin product. An example of a process includes calcination of red mud, flow of an olefin feedstock onto red sludge in an isomerization reactor, and separation of alpha-olefin from reactor effluent.

Effect of Re and Al2O3 Promotion on the Working Stability of Cobalt Catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Abstract: The results of the working stability studies of cobalt catalysts based on SiO2 and Al2O3 promoted with Re and Al2O3 in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 in continuous tests for 200–300 h are presented. The prepared catalysts were characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen, temperature-programmed desorption of CO, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and tested at a temperature 200°C, a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a GHSV of 100 h–1. It was determined that a cobalt–silica catalyst promoted with Al2O3 had the highest activity. It was established that the addition of Al2O3 to a cobalt–silica catalyst increased the conversion of CO and selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons and inhibited the agglomeration of Co particles under the action of a reaction atmosphere in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. It was found that the initial conversion of CO increased by a factor of 2 upon the introduction of 0.1 wt % rhenium into the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst; however, the rate of its deactivation increased in this case due to an almost twofold increase in the size of cobalt particles in the course of synthesis after operation for 300 h.