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Ammonium hydroxide

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Name

Ammonium hydroxide

EINECS 215-647-6
CAS No. 1336-21-6 Density 0.91 g/mL at 20 °C
PSA 23.06000 LogP 0.19940
Solubility soluble in water Melting Point -77 °C
Formula H5NO Boiling Point 165 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 35.0458 Flash Point N/A
Transport Information UN 2672 8/PG 3 Appearance colorless aqueous solution
Safety 26-36/37/39-45-61 Risk Codes 34-50
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 1336-21-6 (Ammonium hydroxide) Hazard Symbols CorrosiveC,DangerousN
Synonyms

Ammonia aqueous;Ammonia solution;Ammonia water;Ammonia, monohydrate;Aqua ammonia;Aquammonia;Household ammonia;

Article Data 13

Ammonium hydroxide Synthetic route

7631-99-4

sodium nitrate

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With phosphoric acid; hydrogen; nitric acid; palladium on activated charcoal; germanium dioxide at 40℃; Product distribution / selectivity;
10043-11-5

ammonia borane complex

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Irradiation;
7664-41-7

ammonia

silver nitrate

1310-73-2

sodium hydroxide

A

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

B

15291-89-1, 72021-02-4

diamminesilver(I) hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water
7727-37-9

nitrogen

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With air; Zn0.12Mo0.12Cd0.9S1.14/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)(20 mass percent) In ethanol at 30℃; under 760.051 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Irradiation;
With hydrogenated Bi5O7I (H-Bi5O7I) at 15℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; UV-irradiation;
With Bi5O7Br In neat (no solvent) Catalytic behavior; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; UV-irradiation;
With potassium sulfate Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Electrochemical reaction;
With methanol Catalytic behavior; Irradiation;
7727-37-9

nitrogen

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid In water at 20℃; for 20h; Kinetics; Catalytic behavior; Electrochemical reaction;
7631-99-4

sodium nitrate

potassium hydroxide

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ruthenium oxychloride In water at 25℃; Kinetics; Inert atmosphere; Electrolysis;
13126-12-0

rubidium nitrate

potassium hydroxide

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ruthenium oxychloride In water at 25℃; Kinetics; Inert atmosphere; Electrolysis;

caesium nitrate

potassium hydroxide

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ruthenium oxychloride In water at 25℃; Kinetics; Inert atmosphere; Electrolysis;

potassium nitrate

potassium hydroxide

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ruthenium oxychloride In water at 25℃; Kinetics; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Electrolysis; Inert atmosphere;

lithium nitrate

potassium hydroxide

1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ruthenium oxychloride In water at 25℃; Kinetics; Inert atmosphere; Electrolysis;

Ammonium hydroxide Specification

Ammonium hydroxide with the CAS registry number 1336-21-6, is also named as Spirit of hartshorn. The product's categories are Industrial / Fine Chemicals; Inorganics, and the other registry numbers are 125888-87-1; 132103-60-7; 16393-49-0; 178115-93-0. Besides, it is colorless aqueous solution, which should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place. And you should ensure that the workplaces have good ventilation or exhaust devices. It is stable, but incompatible with copper, copper alloys, acids, galvanised iron, zinc, aluminium, bronze, dimethyl sulphate, mercury, alkali metals. In addition, its molecular formula is H5NO and molecular weight is 35.04.

Properties about Ammonium hydroxide are: (1)H-Bond Donor: 2; (2)H-Bond Acceptor: 1; (3)Rotatable Bond Count: 0; (4)Exact Mass: 35.037114; (5)MonoIsotopic Mass: 35.037114; (6)Topological Polar Surface Area: 2; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 2; (8)Density: 0.91 g/mL at 20 °C; (9)Melting point: -77 °C; (10)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 23.33 kJ/mol; (11)Boiling Point: 165 °C at 760 mmHg; (12)Vapour Pressure: 5990 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Ammonium hydroxide: This chemical can be prepared by liquid ammonia. You can use it to dissolve in pure water. Then cool it by cold water. And you will obtain this chemcial.

Uses of Ammonium hydroxide: This chemical in water is an ingredient of cleaning agents. It is also used as a precursor to some alkyl amines in industry. Moreover, it was traditionally used to darken or stain wood containing tannic acid in  furniture-making. And it cna be used in the meat packing industry. Furthermore, it is used as a complexant and base in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis in laboratory.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it may cause burns. It is also very toxic to aquatic organisms. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. And you should wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. Please avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. Moreover, in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: [OH-].[NH4+]
(2)InChI: InChI=1/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2
(3)InChIKey: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYAI

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo oral 750mg/kg (750mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
frog LDLo parenteral 2500mg/kg (2500mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 688, 1948.
human LCLo inhalation 5000ppm (5000ppm)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 95, 1969.
human LDLo oral 43mg/kg (43mg/kg)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 95, 1969.
human TCLo inhalation 408ppm (408ppm) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: "FIBROSIS, FOCAL (PNEUMOCONIOSIS)"

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
Journal of the Iowa State Medical Society. Vol. 61, Pg. 271, 1971.
mouse LD50 intravenous 91mg/kg (91mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: COMA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 37, Pg. 497, 1958.
mouse LDLo subcutaneous 160mg/kg (160mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 688, 1948.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 10mg/kg (10mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 688, 1948.
rat LD50 oral 350mg/kg (350mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

LIVER: OTHER CHANGES

KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941.

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