cas 10282-30-1, 4-(1-PYRROLIDINYL)BENZONITRILE

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Ni(COD)(DQ): An Air-Stable 18-Electron Nickel(0)–Olefin Precatalyst
We report that Ni(COD)(DQ) (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene, DQ=duroquinone), an air-stable 18-electron complex originally described by Schrauzer in 1962, is a competent precatalyst for a variety of nickel-catalyzed synthetic methods from the literature. Due to its apparent stability, use of Ni(COD)(DQ) as a precatalyst allows reactions to be conveniently performed without use of an inert-atmosphere glovebox, as demonstrated across several case studies.
Apolinar, Omar,Derosa, Joseph,Eastgate, Martin D.,Engle, Keary M.,Joannou, Matthew V.,Li, Zi-Qi,Tran, Van T.,Wisniewski, Steven R.
p. 7409 - 7413
(2020)
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The first catalytic method for Heck alkynylation of unactivated aryl bromides (copper-free Sonogashira) in an ionic liquid: 1 mol-% palladium/triphenylphosphane/pyrrolidine in [BMIM][BF4] as a simple, inexpensive and recyclable system
Herein we report the studies of Heck alkynylation (copper-free Sonogashira) with aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) employing various metallic precursors, tertiary phosphanes and bases in [BMIM][BF4] as the solvent. As a result, we provide the first method that allows the coupling of a large array of substrates, either activated or deactivated bromides in an ionic liquid. Furthermore, the system of highest efficiency is unexpectedly the simplest and cheaper combination that employs [Pd(η3-C3H 5)Cl]2/PPh3 at only a 1 mol-% loading with pyrrolidine as the base and in the absence of a copper salt. The coupling of sterically and electronically deactivated bromides bearing different functional groups to aryl- and alkyl acetylenes, as well as the possibility of recycling, make these results of high interest to the future development of Heck-and Sonogashira-type reactions in ionic liquids. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Hierso, Jean-Cyrille,Boudon, Julien,Picquet, Michel,Meunier, Philippe
p. 583 - 587
(2007)
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[Bmim]PF6 and BF4 ionic liquids as novel and recyclable reaction media for aromatic amination
Activated aryl halides undergo smooth nucleophilic substitution reactions with secondary amines in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) ionic liquids (ILs) at room temperature to afford the corresponding arylamines in excellent yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Yadav,Reddy,Basak,Venkat Narsaiah
p. 2217 - 2220
(2003)
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Organocatalytic Cascade β-Functionalization/Aromatization of Pyrrolidines via Double Hydride Transfer
An unprecedented cascade β-functionalization/aromatization reaction of N-arylpyrrolidines was established. A series of β-substituted arylpyrroles embedded with trifluoromethyl groups are provided directly from N-arylpyrrolidines. The deuterium-labeling experiments indicate that sequential double hydride transfer processes serve as the key steps in this transformation.
An, Xiao-De,Li, Xian-Jiang,Liu, Qing,Shao, Chang-Lun,Xiao, Jian,Yang, Shuo,Zhou, Lan
(2020)
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Ad Hoc Adjustment of Photoredox Properties by the Late-Stage Diversification of Acridinium Photocatalysts
The steadily growing interest in substituting precious-metal photoredox catalysts with organic surrogates is vibrantly sustained by emerging methodologies to vary their photochemical behavior. Herein, we report an ad hoc approach for the preparation of acridinium salts with a particularly broad range of photoredox properties. The method involves an aryne-imine-aryne coupling to a linchpin tetrafluoro acridinium salt for a late-stage diversification by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions to form diaminoacridinium and undescribed aza-rhodol photocatalysts. The different functionalities and redox properties of the organic acridinium photocatalysts render them suitable for bifunctional photoredox catalysis and organocatalytic photochemical C-N cross-couplings.
Hutskalova, Valeriia,Sparr, Christof
p. 5143 - 5147
(2021)
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Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Aromatization Protocol for the Synthesis of Aromatic Amines
The introduction of amines onto aromatics without metal catalysts and chemical oxidants is synthetically challenging. Herein, we report the first example of an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative aromatization (ECDA) reaction of saturated cyclohexanones and amines to construct anilines without additional metal catalysts and chemical oxidants. This reaction exhibits a broad scope of cyclohexanones including heterocyclic ketones, affording a variety of aromatic amines with various functionalities, and shows great potential in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
Tao, Shao-Kun,Chen, Shan-Yong,Feng, Mei-Lin,Xu, Jia-Qi,Yuan, Mao-Lin,Fu, Hai-Yan,Li, Rui-Xiang,Chen, Hua,Zheng, Xue-Li,Yu, Xiao-Qi
supporting information
p. 1011 - 1016
(2022/02/05)

I2/NaH2PO2-mediated deoxyamination of cyclic ethers for the synthesis of: N -aryl-substituted azacycles
We have developed a protocol for efficient synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles from aryl amines and cyclic ethers using I2/NaH2PO2 as the mediator. A diverse range of aryl amines and cyclic ethers undergo amination reaction to generate products in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. This reaction can be easily scaled up to give N-aryl-substituted azacycles on a gram scale. Further chemical manipulation of the products enabled useful transformations of the quinoline ring, including bromination and acetylation. This journal is
Chen, Tieqiao,Huang, Tianzeng,Li, Chunya,Li, Dongyang,Lin, Ying,Liu, Long,Tang, Zhi,Zhang, Jingjing
supporting information
p. 21011 - 21014
(2021/12/04)

peri-Xanthenoxanthene (PXX): a Versatile Organic Photocatalyst in Organic Synthesis
Recent years have witnessed a continuous development of photocatalysts to satisfy the growing demand of photophysical and redox properties in photoredox catalysis, with complex structures or alternative strategies devised to access highly reducing or oxidising systems. We report herein the use of peri-xanthenoxanthene (PXX), a simple and inexpensive dye, as an efficient photocatalyst. Its highly reducing excited state allows activation of a wide range of substrates, thus triggering useful radical reactions. Benchmark transformations such as the addition of organic radicals, generated by photoreduction of organic halides, to radical traps are initially demonstrated. More complex dual catalytic manifolds are also shown to be accessible: the β-arylation of cyclic ketones is successful when using a secondary amine as organocatalyst, while cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with amines and thiols are obtained when using a Ni co-catalyst. Application to the efficient two-step synthesis of the expensive fluoro-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, a crucial synthetic intermediate for the investigational drug setipiprant, has been also demonstrated. (Figure presented.).
Pezzetta, Cristofer,Folli, Andrea,Matuszewska, Oliwia,Murphy, Damien,Davidson, Robert W. M.,Bonifazi, Davide
supporting information
p. 4740 - 4753
(2021/04/09)

Dehydrogenation/(3+2) Cycloaddition of Saturated Aza-Heterocycles via Merging Organic Photoredox and Lewis Acid Catalysis
Herein, we report a photoinduced dehydrogenation/(3+2) cycloaddition reaction by merging organic photoredox and Lewis acid catalysis, providing a straightforward and efficient approach for directly installing a benzofuran skeleton on the saturated aza-heterocycles. In this protocol, we also describe a novel organic photocatalyst (t-Bu-DCQ) with the advantages of a wider redox potential, easy synthesis, and a low price. Furthermore, the stepwise activation mechanism of dual C(sp3)-H bonds was demonstrated by a series of experimental and computational studies.
Xiao, Teng-Fei,Zhang, Yi-Fan,Hou, Wen-Tao,Yan, Pen-Ji,Hai, Jun,Xu, Peng-Fei,Xu, Guo-Qiang
supporting information
p. 8942 - 8946
(2021/11/24)

Organic photoredox catalytic α-C(sp3)-H phosphorylation of saturated: Aza -heterocycles
A metal-free C(sp3)-H phosphorylation of saturated aza-heterocycles via the merger of organic photoredox and Br?nsted acid catalyses was established under mild conditions. This protocol provided straightforward and economic access to a variety of valuable α-phosphoryl cyclic amines by using commercially available diarylphosphine oxide reagents. In addition, the D-A fluorescent molecule DCQ was used for the first time as a photocatalyst and exhibited an excellent photoredox catalytic efficiency in this transformation. A series of mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations demonstrated that this transformation underwent a sequential visible light photoredox catalytic oxidation/nucleophilic addition process.
Yi, Ming-Jun,Xiao, Teng-Fei,Li, Wen-Hui,Zhang, Yi-Fan,Yan, Pen-Ji,Zhang, Baoxin,Xu, Peng-Fei,Xu, Guo-Qiang
supporting information
p. 13158 - 13161
(2021/12/16)

Integrating CuO?Fe2O3 Nanocomposites and Supramolecular Assemblies of Phenazine for Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis
A photoredox catalytic ensemble consisting of CuO-Fe2O3 nanocomposites and oligomeric derivative of phenazine has been developed. The prepared system acts as an efficient photoredox catalyst for C?N bond formation reaction via SET mechanism under ‘green’ conditions (aerial environment, mixed aqueous media, recyclable), requiring less equivalents of base and amine substrate. The present study demonstrates the significant role of supramolecular assemblies as photooxidants and reductants upon irradiation and their important contribution towards the activation of the metallic centre through energy transfer and electron transfer pathways. The potential of oligomer 4: CuO-Fe2O3 has also been explored for C?C bond formation reactions via the Sonogashira protocol.
Kaur, Lovjot,Deol, Harnimarta,Kumar, Manoj,Bhalla, Vandana
supporting information
p. 892 - 898
(2020/03/04)

Tropane alkaloid compounds and method of manufacturing using sequential oxidation reactions
The present invention relates to a tropane alkaloid compound sequentially using an oxidative Mannich ring reaction and a method for producing the same. The present invention provides a tropane alkaloid compound having a structure of chemical formula 1 in
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Paragraph 0098; 0159-0163

(2020/06/16)

Nickel-Catalyzed Amination of (Hetero)aryl Halides Facilitated by a Catalytic Pyridinium Additive
An efficient and operationally simple Ni-catalyzed amination protocol has been developed. This methodology features a simple NiII salt, an organic base and catalytic amounts of both a pyridinium additive and Zn metal. A diverse number of (hetero)aryl halides were coupled successfully with primary and secondary alkyl amines, and anilines in good to excellent yields. Similarly, benzophenone imine gave the corresponding N-arylation product in an excellent yield.
Han, Dongyang,Li, Sasa,Xia, Siqi,Su, Mincong,Jin, Jian
supporting information
p. 12349 - 12354
(2020/09/09)

Phenazine-Based Donor Acceptor Systems as Organic Photocatalysts for "metal-free" C-N/C-C Cross-Coupling
With an aim to achieve a balance between ground-state and excited-state reduction potential of donor acceptor systems for efficient C-N/C-C cross-coupling, a series of donor acceptor systems DA1-DA4 have been synthesized by varying the donor strength and connecting positions. With an increase in donor strength, systematic elevation in the ground-state reduction potential and decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap was observed. Interestingly, all the derivatives DA1-DA4 could catalyze the C-N bond formation reaction between activated aryl halides and amines at low catalytic loading under metal-free conditions without the need of any external base upon irradiation with white LED. A balance was realized in the case of derivative DA2, which exhibits high efficiency in C-N couplings. Different control experiments support the validity of the energy as well as electron transfer pathways in the visible light-mediated C-N bond formation. This study further reveals the potential of derivative DA1 in "metal-free"Sonogashira coupling involving activated aryl halides which is attributed to its high excited-state reduction potential.
Deol, Harnimarta,Singh, Gurpreet,Kumar, Manoj,Bhalla, Vandana
p. 11080 - 11093
(2020/10/12)

Visible Light-Mediated (Hetero)aryl Amination Using Ni(II) Salts and Photoredox Catalysis in Flow: A Synthesis of Tetracaine
We report a visible light-mediated flow process for C-N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with a variety of amine coupling partners through the use of a photoredox/nickel dual catalyst system. Compared to the method in batch, this flow process enables a broader substrate scope, including less-activated (hetero)aryl bromides and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl chlorides, and significantly reduced reaction times (10 to 100 min). Furthermore, scale up of the reaction, demonstrated through the synthesis of tetracaine, is easily achieved, delivering the C-N cross-coupled products in consistently high yield of 84% on up to a 10 mmol scale.
Park, Boyoung Y.,Pirnot, Michael T.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
p. 3234 - 3244
(2020/02/04)

CuI/2-Aminopyridine 1-Oxide Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Aliphatic Amines
A class of 2-aminopyridine 1-oxides are discovered to be effective ligands for the Cu-catalyzed amination of less reactive (hetero)aryl chlorides. A wide range of functionalized (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with various aliphatic amines to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields under the catalyst of CuI/2-aminopyridine 1-oxides. Furthermore, the catalyst system worked well for the coupling of cyclic secondary amines and N-methyl benzylamine with (hetero)aryl chlorides.
Chen, Xiahong,He, Yongqiang,Liang, Yun,Liu, Wenjie,Wang, Deping,Xia, Xiaohong,Xu, Jiamin,Xu, Zhifeng,Zhang, Fuxing,Zhang, Xin
supporting information
p. 7486 - 7490
(2020/10/12)

Photocatalytic Conversion of Benzyl Alcohols/Methyl Arenes to Aryl Nitriles via H-Abstraction by Azide Radical
This report presents the visible-light-assisted synthesis of aryl nitriles from easily accessible alcohols or methyl arenes in the presence of O2. Organic photoredox catalyst, 4CzIPN (1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene), induces single electron transfer (SET) from azide N3? and generates azide radical N3?.The photogenerated N3? abstracts H atom from α-C?H bond of benzylic system, which provides aldehyde and hydrazoic acid (HN3) in situ. This reaction subsequently forms azido alcohol intermediate that transforms into nitrile with the assistance of triflic acid (Br?nsted acid). A range of alcohols and methyl arenes successfully underwent cyanation at room temperature with good to excellent yields and showed good functional group tolerance.
Shee, Maniklal,Shah, Sk. Sheriff,Singh, N. D. Pradeep
supporting information
p. 14070 - 14074
(2020/10/12)

Practical direct synthesis of: N -aryl-substituted azacycles from N -alkyl protected arylamines using TiCl4and DBU
A novel transformation of N-alkyl protected arylamines and cyclic ethers into N-aryl substituted azacycles is described. Alkyl groups have been used for the protection of amines in organic syntheses. In this synthesis, N-alkyl protected arylamines were reacted with cyclic ethers in the presence of TiCl4 and DBU, crucial reagents affording five- and six-membered azacycles. In particular, utilization of the novel TiCl4/DBU-mediated reaction allows various N-alkyl protected arylamines such as N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, N-isopropyl, and N-tert-butyl arylamines to be readily converted into N-aryl substituted azacycles in high yields. This practical approach using various N-alkyl arylamines leads to the efficient preparation of azacycles.
Kang, Soosung,Kim, Hee-Kwon,La, Minh Thanh,Tran, Van Hieu
p. 5008 - 5016
(2020/07/30)

Organophotoredox assisted cyanation of bromoarenes: via silyl-radical-mediated bromine abstraction
The insertion of a nitrile (-CN) group into arenes through the direct functionalization of the C(sp2)-Br bond is a challenging reaction. Herein, we report an organophotoredox method for the cyanation of aryl bromides using the organic photoredox catalyst 4CzIPN and tosyl cyanide (TsCN) as the nitrile source. A photogenerated silyl radical, via a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism, was employed to abstract bromine from aryl bromide to provide an aryl radical, which was concomitantly intercepted by TsCN to afford the aromatic nitrile. A range of substrates containing electron-donating and -withdrawing groups was demonstrated to undergo cyanation at room temperature in good yields.
Shah, Sk. Sheriff,Shee, Maniklal,Singh, N. D. Pradeep
supporting information
p. 4240 - 4243
(2020/04/22)

Organic semiconductor photocatalyst can bifunctionalize arenes and heteroarenes
Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon–hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
Ghosh, Indrajit,Khamrai, Jagadish,Savateev, Aleksandr,Shlapakov, Nikita,Antonietti, Markus,K?nig, Burkhard
p. 360 - 366
(2019/08/15)

Practical heterogeneous photoredox/nickel dual catalysis for C-N and C-O coupling reactions
Efficient C-N and C-O coupling reactions of aryl halides with amines and alcohols have been developed by using the strategy of heterogeneous visible light photoredox and nickel dual catalysis. Obviously, the joint use of inexpensive and bench-stable CdS and nickel salts, together with mild reaction conditions, makes these two transformations attractive for the synthetic community. This heterogeneous dual catalysis system also proved to be successful in the ligand-free catalytic hydroxylation of aryl bromide with water as a nucleophile. The practicality of this protocol is further emphasized by the scaled-up reaction and the reusability of heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Liu, Yi-Yin,Liang, Dong,Lu, Liang-Qiu,Xiao, Wen-Jing
supporting information
p. 4853 - 4856
(2019/05/02)

Oxalic amide ligands, and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides
The present invention provides oxalic amide ligands and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides. Specifically, the present invention provides a use of a compound represented by formula I, wherein definitions of each group are described in the specification. The compound represented by formula I can be used as a ligand in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides for the formation of C—N, C—O and C—S bonds.
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(2020/01/09)

Organonickel complexes encumbering bis-imidazolylidene carbene ligands: Synthesis, X-ray structure and catalytic insights on Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions
New four coordinated homoleptic bis(diimidazolylidene)nickel(II) complexes (C1 & C2) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and13C) as well as ESI-Mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of the complex C1 was identified by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed that the complexes possess a distorted square planar geometry with chelating bis(diimidazolylidene) NHC ligands and two non coordinating bromide counter ions in tetradentate C4fashion. A survey of their catalytic activity in Buchwald?Hartwig amination has been performed. The newly synthesized complexes also catalyzed the amination of aryl chlorides in the presence of KOtBu. Various aryl chlorides and amines can react smoothly to give the corresponding aminated products in moderate to high yields. The scope of the reaction encompasses electronically varied aryl chlorides and nitrogen-containing heteroaryl chlorides, including pyridine and quinoline derivatives. Both secondary and primary amines are well tolerated under the optimal reaction conditions.
Nirmala, Muthukumaran,Saranya, Gandhi,Viswanathamurthi, Periasamy,Bertani, Roberta,Sgarbossa, Paolo,Malecki, Jan Grzegorz
supporting information
p. 1 - 10
(2017/01/09)

Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction using supported palladium on phosphine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
The supported palladium on phosphine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Pd-PFMN) was found to be an efficient magnetically separable catalyst for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction (BHAR) under solvent-free conditions. All of the reactions in the presence of Pd-PFMN catalyst afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnetic field, and it can be reused at least five cycles without significant loss in its initial catalytic activity.
Zarnaghash, Narges,Panahi, Farhad,Khalafi-Nezhad, Ali
p. 2057 - 2064
(2015/10/06)

CuI/Oxalic Diamide Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Amines
A class of oxalic diamides are found to be effective ligands for promoting CuI-catalyzed aryl amination with less reactive (hetero)aryl chlorides. The reaction proceeds at 120 °C with K3PO4 as the base in DMSO to afford a wide range of (hetero)aryl amines in good to excellent yields. The bis(N-aryl) substituted oxalamides are superior ligands to N-aryl-N′-alkyl substituted or bis(N-alkyl) substituted oxalamides. Both the electronic nature and the steric property of the aromatic rings in ligands are important for their efficiency.
Zhou, Wei,Fan, Mengyang,Yin, Junli,Jiang, Yongwen,Ma, Dawei
supporting information
p. 11942 - 11945
(2015/10/06)

New ligands for copper-catalyzed C－N coupling reactions at gentle temperature
Pyridin-2-ol-N-oxide was designed as an efficient ligand for the coupling reaction of aryl iodides, aryl bromides and aryl chlorides, respectively, with primary amines, cyclic secondary amines or N-containing heterocycles at room or moderate temperature. The catalytic system showed great functional groups tolerance and excellent selective reactivity.
Su, Jinyue,Qiu, Yatao,Jiang, Sheng,Zhang, Dayong
supporting information
p. 685 - 688
(2014/10/15)

METHOD FOR COUPLING HALOGEN-SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COMPRISING TRIALKYLSILYL-SUBSTITUTED HETEROATOMS
A process is provided for the preparation of aryl-heteroatom-bridged compounds by reacting a halogen-substituted aromatic compound with a trialkylsilyl-substituted heteroatom-containing organic compound.
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(2012/06/16)

"TRPV1 VANILLOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WITH A BICYCLIC PORTION"
The invention discloses compounds of formula I wherein Y is a group of formula A, B, C, D, or E: and W, Q, n, R1, R2, R3, U1-U5, J and K have the meanings given in the description. The compounds of formula I are TRPV1 antagonists and are useful as active
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(2011/10/13)

TRPV1 vanilloid receptor antagonists with a bicyclic portion
The invention discloses compounds of formula I wherein Y s selected from a group of formula and W, Q, n, R1, R2, R3, U1-U5 have the meanings given in the description. The compounds of formula I are TRPV1 antagonists and are useful as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of pain and other conditions ameliorated by the inhibition of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. 1.
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(2011/11/01)

Mild transition-metal-free amination of fluoroarenes catalyzed by fluoride ions
Trimethylsilyl-protected heterocycles undergo N-C bond formation with a variety of electron-deficient fluoroarenes catalyzed by fluoride ions. This reaction avoids stoichiometric amounts of base and thus makes N-arylheterocycles accessible in a very mild and transition-metal-free way.
Dehe, Daniel,Munstein, Isabel,Reis, Andreas,Thiel, Werner R.
experimental part
p. 1151 - 1154
(2011/05/02)

Synthesis and evaluation of some novel dibenzo[b,d]furan carboxylic acids as potential anti-diabetic agents
A series of novel dibenzo[b,d]furan mono-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in vitro in order to use them as potential anti-diabetic agents. Structure-activity relationship study led to the identification of potent compound 5E which inhibited PTP1B with IC50 value of 82 ± 0.43 nM. Compound 5E was screened in vivo as drug candidate for anti-diabetic activity using rosiglitazone maleate as the standard. Compound 5E showed significant reduction in body weight, fed-state whole blood glucose (WBG), fasting WBG, plasma glucose and plasma cholesterol levels and non-significant reduction in fasting plasma triglyceride levels in ob/ob mice. A series of dibenzo[b,d]furan carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated for anti-diabetic activity. Compound 5E inhibited PTP1B with IC50 of 82 nM and reduced WBG and plasma glucose in ob/ob mice.
Lakshminarayana,Prasad, Y. Rajendra,Gharat, Laxmikant,Thomas, Abraham,Narayanan, Shridhar,Raghuram,Srinivasan,Gopalan, Balasubramanian
experimental part
p. 3709 - 3718
(2010/11/04)

2-ARYL- AND 2-HETEROARYLTHIAZOLYL COMPOUNDS, METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
The present invention discloses fused bicyclic 2-aryl- or 2-heteroarylthiazolyl compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, which are useful for inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells, inhibiting human breast carcinoma tumo
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(2009/10/22)

2-ARYL- AND 2-HETEROARYLTHIAZOLYL COMPOUNDS, METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
The present invention discloses fused heterobicyclic 2-aryl- and 2-heteroarylthiazolyl compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, which are useful for inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells, inhibiting human breast carcino
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(2009/10/22)

Study of the microwave-assisted hydrolysis of nitriles and esters and the implementation of this system in rapid microwave-assisted Pd-catalyzed amination
Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of benzonitriles and methyl benzoates has been studied using a toluene/concd aq KOH two phase system in the presence and absence of phase transfer catalyst. Conditions to allow and avoid smooth hydrolysis could be identified. Based on the latter, the first microwave protocol which allows the rapid Pd-catalyzed amination of aliphatic amines with chlorobenzenes containing sensitive functional groups has been developed.
Van Baelen, Gitte,Maes, Bert U.W.
p. 5604 - 5619
(2008/09/21)

In vitro structure-activity relationship and in vivo characterization of 1-(aryl)-3-(4-(amino)benzyl)urea transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonists
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 1-(aryl)-3-(4-(amino) benzyl)urea transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists are described. A variety of cyclic amine substituents are well tolerated at the 4-position of the benzyl group on compounds containing either an isoquinoline or indazole heterocyclic core. These compounds are potent antagonists of capsaicin activation of the TRPV1 receptor in vitro. Analogues, such as compound 45, have been identified that have good in vivo activity in animal models of pain. Further optimization of 45 resulted in compound 58 with substantially improved microsome stability and oral bioavailability, as well as in vivo activity.
Perner, Richard J.,DiDomenico, Stanley,Koenig, John R.,Gomtsyan, Arthur,Bayburt, Erol K.,Schmidt, Robert G.,Drizin, Irene,Guo, Zhu Zheng,Turner, Sean C.,Jinkerson, Tammie,Brown, Brian S.,Keddy, Ryan G.,Lukin, Kurill,McDonald, Heath A.,Honore, Prisca,Mikusa, Joe,Marsh, Kennan C.,Wetter, Jill M.,St. George, Karen,Jarvis, Michael F.,Faltynek, Connie R.,Lee, Chih-Hung
p. 3651 - 3660
(2008/02/12)

Palladium-catalysed Heck alkynylation of aryl bromides in an imidazolium ionic liquid: An unexpected subsequent alkyne hydrogenation reaction
The copper-free palladium-catalysed alkynylation of aryl bromides with phenylacetylene in the imidazolium ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4], in the presence of triphenylphosphine ligand and pyrrolidine as a base, was found effective and significantly more chemoselective employing deactivated substrates. When activated aryl substrates were used, unexpected side reactions were observed, especially the subsequent hydrogenation of the alkyne function in some coupling products. In other cases, amine arylation reactions occurred, as illustrated by the formation of pyrrolidinyl-4-nitrobenzene, for which an X-ray diffraction structure is reported. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Hierso, Jean-Cyrille,Picquet, Michel,Cattey, Hélène,Meunier, Philippe
p. 3005 - 3008
(2008/02/13)

Amino acid promoted CuI-catalyzed C-N bond formation between aryl halides and amines or N-containing heterocycles
CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of electron-deficient aryl iodides with aliphatic primary amines occurs at 40 °C under the promotion of N-methylglycine. Using L-proline as the promoter, coupling reaction of aryl iodides or aryl bromides with aliphatic primary amines, aliphatic cyclic secondary amines, or electron-rich primary arylamines proceeds at 60-90 °C; an intramolecular coupling reaction between aryl chloride and primary amine moieties gives indoline at 70 °C; coupling reaction of aryl iodides with indole, pyrrole, carbazole, imidazole, or pyrazole can be carried out at 75-90 °C; and coupling reaction of electron-deficient aryl bromides with imidazole or pyrazole occurs at 60-90 °C to provide the corresponding N-aryl products in good to excellent yields. In addition, N,N-dimethylglycine promotes the coupling reaction of electron-rich aryl bromides with imidazole or pyrazole to afford the corresponding N-aryl imidazoles or pyrazoles at 110 °C. The possible action of amino acids in these coupling reactions is discussed.
Zhang, Hui,Cai, Qian,Ma, Dawei
p. 5164 - 5173
(2007/10/03)

P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N: An effective ligand in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides
It is shown that the bicyclic triaminophosphine P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N serves as an effective ligand for the palladium-catalyzed amination of a wide array of aryl bromides and iodides. Other bicyclic or acyclic triaminophosphines, even those of similar basicity and/or bulk, were inferior.
Urgaonkar, Sameer,Nagarajan,Verkade
p. 452 - 459
(2007/10/03)

Nickel(0)/dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene complex catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides and amines
A general and simple nickel-catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides and amines is reported. The scope and limitations of the coupling process using Ni(0), 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene, and NaO-t-Bu as base were investigated. Secondary cyclic and acyclic amines and anilines provided the arylamine coupling products in good to excellent yields. Compared to palladium-catalyzed aminations, this procedure offers an alternative route to N-substituted anilines starting from readily available aryl chlorides.
Desmarets, Christophe,Schneider, Raphael,Fort, Yves
p. 3029 - 3036
(2007/10/03)

Method of inhibiting neoplastic cells with imidazoquinazoline derivatives
A method for inhibiting neoplasia, particularly cancerous and precancerous lesions by exposing the affected cells to imidazoquinazoline derivatives.
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(2008/06/13)

Imidazoquinazoline derivatives
PCT No. PCT/JP97/03023 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 27, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 27, 1998 PCT Filed Aug. 29, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/08848 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 5, 1998Imidazoquinoline derivatives of the formula (wherein X may be O or S) provide selective cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory activity. The compounds are useful for treating or ameliorating cardiovascular disease such as thrombosis, angina pectoris, hypertension, heart failure and arterial sclerosis, as well as asthma, impotence and the like.
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(2008/06/13)

The Stereochemistry of Organometallic Compounds. XL. Rhodium-Catalysed Reactions of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide with Alkenylanilines
Rhodium-catalysed reactions of o- or p-cyano-N-allylanilines with H2/CO give N-arylpyrrolidine aldehydes resulting from a double hydroformylation sequence.In contrast reactions of o- or p-methyl-N-allylanilines or N-allylaniline itself with H2/CO give 'dimeric' compounds resulting from self-condensation reactions of an initially formed hydroformylation product together with varying amounts of the double hydroformylation product.Similar reactions of o-cyano-N-but-3-enylanilines give low yields of double hydroformylation products and major products arising from hydrogenation or cross coupling of intermediate enamines.The structure of one of these products, N-2-cyanophenyl-5-(N'-2-cyanophenyl-3-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (17) (IUPAC name: 2--1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl>benzonitrile) was confirmed by an X-ray single-crystal structure determination.
Anastasiou, Despina,Campi, Eva M.,Chaouk, Hassan,Fallon, Gary D.,Jackson, W. Roy,et al.
p. 1043 - 1060
(2007/10/02)

Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution of Halobenzenes with Amines under High Pressure
The nucleophilic substitution reactions of aromatic halides having electron-attracting groups on ortho or para position with various primary and secondary amines were accelerated by high pressure to give the corresponding N-substituted anilines in high yields.The bulkiness of amines affects its reactivity to lower the yields of the products.Although the secondary amines are usually less reactive than primary amines, cyclic secondary amines such as morpholine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine were found very reactive. 1,4-Diazabicyclooctane and quinuclidine gave N-quarternary ammonium halides in high yields in contrast to the low reactivity of acyclic tertiary amines.Dichloro- and trichloro-nitrobenzenes also react with diethylamine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine to give mono-, di-, and trisubstitution products depending upon the amount of amine and the position of nitro group in these chlorides.
Ibata, Toshikazu,Isogami, Yasushi,Toyoda, Jiro
p. 42 - 49
(2007/10/02)

gem-cyclodialkylation A facile synthetic route to N-substituted heterocycles
N-alkylated and N-arylated pyrroles, pyrrolidines, and piperidines are synthesized in high yield by the reaction between cyclic ethers and primary amines over a heterogeneous titania catalyst.
Hargis, Duane C.,Shubkin, Ronald L.
p. 2991 - 2994
(2007/10/02)

Nucleophilic Substitution of Aromatic Halides with Amines under High Pressure
The reaction of aromatic chlorides, bromides and iodides with various primary or secondary amines in a tetrahydrofuran solution under high pressure of 6-12 kbar gave the corresponding secondary and tertiary aromatic amines. 1,4-Diazabicyclooctane and quinuclidine gave N-aryl quaternary ammonium halides in high yields in contrast to the low reactivity of acyclic tertiary amines.
Ibata, Toshikazu,Isogami, Yasushi,Toyoda, Jiro
p. 1187 - 1190
(2007/10/02)

Dipole Moments of Some N-Phenyl-substituted Derivatives of Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Morpholine, and Thiomorpholine
Apparent dipole moments in benzene of various p-substituted N-phenyl derivatives of pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine and of some analogous NN-diethylanilines have been determined.Vector moments along the bisector of angle CH2NCH2 and also in the direction of the major axis of the aromatic ring have been calculated for the parent compounds.The order of magnitude of the latter is N-phenylpyrrolidine>NN-diethylaniline>N-phenylpiperidine>N-phenylmorpholine>N-phenylthiomorpholine.The nature of the heterocycle does not greatly affect the additional moment, μ(add.), along the major axis of the aromatic ring, required to account for the moments of the p-substituted compounds.In each series of compounds, μ(add.) parallels the Hammett substituent constant, ?.
Beach, Steven F.,Hepworth, John D.,Sawyer, John,Hallas, Geoffrey,Marsden, Richard,et al.
p. 217 - 222
(2007/10/02)