- PROCESS
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In a process for treating wastewater from a combined gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process, feedstock derived from Municipal Solid Waste or the like is gasified in a reactor (R) and treated in a cleanup unit (C) which generates a first wastewater stream (1st WWT STREAM) containing salts and inorganic pollutants. The first wastewater stream is treated in a treatment unit (T1) to remove inorganic pollutants derived from the syngas. The treatment comprises a) degassing, and subsequently b) neutralising the first wastewater stream before treatment in a Dissolved Air Flotation unit (72c) and filtering in a moving sand bed or similar (72d) to remove solids, and a stripping process to remove ammonia. A second wastewater stream (2nd WWT Stream) containing organic pollutants but being low in salts arises from the F-T process and is treated separately to allow recycling within the F-T process.
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- Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur
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Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na2SO 4, Na2S2O7, Na2S 2O6, Na2SO3, Na2S 2O5, Na2S
- Jaszczak-Figiel, Beata,Gontarz
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p. 147 - 154
(2009/05/06)
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- Specificity of decomposition of solids in non-isothermal conditions
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The thermal stability of the food additives Na metabisulphite, Na and K acetates, glutamic and citric acids, respective of the pharmaceuticals nifedipine and acetyl salicylic acid was studied by means of the non-isothermal kinetic (Friedman differential m
- Vlase,Vlase,Doca,Doca
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p. 597 - 604
(2008/10/08)
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- Antimicrobial wipes which provide improved residual benefit versus gram positive bacteria
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The present invention relates to an antimicrobial wipe comprising a porous or absorbent sheet impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 5.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 99.85%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5; and wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of less than about 0.3. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria using these products.
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- Mild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions containing salicyclic acid
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The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.1% to about 5.0%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; from about 6% to about 16%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant, wherein at least about 67% of the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of Class A surfactants, Class C surfactants, and mixtures thereof, wherein the ratio of Class A surfactant to Class C is from about 100:0 to about 1.5:1; from about 2% to about 4%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent having a Biological Activity Index, Z, of greater than about 0.75, wherein the proton donating agent is such that the composition is essentially free of C4-C20 alkyl fatty acid, and wherein from about 0.15% to about 2%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of the proton donating agent is salicylic acid; a mildness enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of from about 20% to about 70%, by weight of the anionic surfactant, of a mildness enhancing cosurfactant; from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of a mildness enhancing polymer; and mixtures thereof, and from about 35% to about 95.75%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of greater than about 3 and less than about 6. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria using these products.
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- Mild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions which provide residual benefit versus gram negative bacteria
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The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active, from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 98.899% of water, wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0, wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Negative Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.3, and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria using these products.
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- STUDY OF THE DISPROPORTIONATION OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY.
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The disproportionation of sodium thiosulfate to form sodium sulfite and elemental sulfur has been studied in the temperature range 495-548 degree K by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The disproportionation started with an induction period, followed by a steady-state disproportionation rate regime, and ended up with a diffusion rate-controlling process. The duration of the induction period was inversely proportional to the temperature of heating. The disproportionation in the steady-state regime followed a first-order reaction rate law with the enthalpy and entropy of activation H* equals 26. 0 kcal/mol and S* equals minus 14. 9 eu.
- Xu,Chang
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p. 165 - 170
(2008/10/08)
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- Water-soluble derivatives of 6,6'-methylene-bis-(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline)
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The invention relates to water-soluble alkali salts of mono- and disulfonic acid derivatives and mono- and disulfonamide derivatives of 6,6'-methylene-bis-(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) and dimer and/or trimer condensation products thereof bound with a methylene bridge at the 8 or 8' position. The new compounds are radioprotective and radiosensibilizers at the same time, and may be used both in the therapy and prophylaxis of malignant tumors.
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- Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of the Ammoniated Electron with Sodium Thiosulfate in Liquid Ammonia
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The reaction of sodium with thiosulfate in liquid ammonia was found to be second order, first order with respect to both the sodium and thiosulfate concentration.The sodium ion concentration was found to have a dominant influence on the net reaction rate, and a mechanism involving ion-paired species is proposed.The stoichiometry and reaction products were also determined.
- Lau, Nathanielo,Dewald, Robert R.
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p. 2348 - 2350
(2007/10/02)
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