458-37-7 Usage
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Curcumin is used as an anti-tumor agent for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Curcumin also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages, making it a potential candidate for treating various types of cancer.
Used in Food Industry:
Curcumin is used as a natural dye and flavoring agent in the food industry. Its excellent pigmentation, which is not easy to fade, makes it a popular choice for coloring and flavoring various food products. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties contribute to the overall health benefits of the products it is used in.
Used in Cosmetic Industry:
Curcumin is used as an active ingredient in various cosmetic products due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor properties. It can help improve skin health by reducing inflammation, promoting cell regeneration, and protecting against oxidative stress.
Used in Research and Diagnostics:
Curcumin is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and for the detection of boron. Its ability to change color in different pH ranges (yellow in neutral and acidic solutions, and reddish-brown in alkaline solutions) makes it a useful pH indicator in various research and diagnostic applications.
Used in Traditional Medicine:
Curcumin has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-edemic, anti-inflammatory, bile stimulant, antibacterial, antifungal, and lipo/cyclooxygenase inhibitor properties. It is known to activate blood, move qi, dredge meridians, and alleviate pain, making it a valuable component in various traditional medicine formulations.
Food Additive
Curcumin has been widely used in the food industry as a common natural pigment for a long time. It is mainly used for the dyeing of canned food, sausage products and soy sauce products. The amount of curcumin used is determined by normal production needs. The product form of functional food with curcumin as the main component can be general food or some non-food forms, such as capsules, pills or tablets. For general food form, some yellow pigmented foods can be considered, such as cakes, sweets, beverages, etc.
Curcumin is a food additive approved by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO/WHO-1995). The newly promulgated "Standards for the Use of Food Additives" (GB2760-2011) stipulates that frozen drinks, cocoa products, chocolate and chocolate products and candies, gum-based candies, decorative candies, toppings and sweet sauces, batter, coating powder and frying powder , The maximum usage of curcumin in instant rice and noodle products, flavored syrup, compound seasoning, carbonated drinks and jelly is 0.15, 0.01, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.01, 0.01 g/kg, respectively, margarine and its similar products, cooked nuts and seeds, fillings for grain products and puffed foods can be used in moderation according to production needs.
History
Curcumin is one such agent that was described about two centuries ago as the yellow coloring matter from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Besides curcumin, more than 300 different components, including phenolics and terpenoids, have been identified in turmeric, but curcumin is one of the most important active components . Pure curcumin was prepared in 1842 by Vogel Jr. After 1870, the possible structure of curcumin was reported by several chemists in the subsequent decades. The chemical structure of curcumin as diferuloylmethane or 1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-(1E, 6E) was reported by Milobedzka et?al. (1910). Lampe and Milobedzka (1913) reported the synthesis of curcumin. However, Srinivasan (1953) for the first time used chromatography to separate and quantify the components of curcumin .Jiang Huang has been used for more than 6000 years; it is also well known for its
medicinal value and active ingredients. But it was not until the middle of the twentieth century that scientists conducted a systematic study on their pharmacological
effects. In 1949, Schraufstatter and Bernt found that curcumin has a variety of antibacterial effects against Streptococcus, Salmonella, Mucor, Mycobacterium and so
on . In the 1970s, the study also found that it has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. In 1980s, it was found to have antitumor
effects. In the last 30 years, there are many reports about the clinical and pharmacological effects of curcumin.At present, more than 65 human clinical trials have been completed, and more
than 35 clinical trials are in progress. In addition, the study of curcumin derivatives
has also become a hot topic in recent years.
Air & Water Reactions
Slightly soluble in hot water .
Reactivity Profile
Curcumin is sensitive to light and changes in pH. Curcumin may react with oxidizing materials.
Biological Activity
Antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Downregulates expression of reactive-oxygen-generating enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, iNOS), TNF α , IL-1, IL-6, PKC, EGFR, NF- κ B, I κ B kinase and more. Upregulates expression of PPAR γ , p53, Nrf2. Also displays antimicrobial, antidiabetic neuro- and cardioprotective properties in vivo .
Biochem/physiol Actions
A natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Curcumin has been cited as a potential chemopreventive agent, in addition to its chemotherapeutic activity. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.
Mechanism of action
Curcumin, the active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been regarded as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent . Particularly, it can scavenge reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, and nitrogen dioxide radicals. Additionally, it serves as an anti-inflammatory by down-regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1 and TNF-α) and inhibiting the activation of specific transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB and AP-1). Curcumin also demonstrates antiproliferative properties. Specifically, it inhibits UV radiation-induced skin cancer in SKH-1 hairless mice and reduces UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1/3 expression in human dermal fibroblasts via MAPK-p38/JNK pathway suppression.
Pharmacology
1. Anti-fibrosis effects: curcumin has the effect of anti-fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, and so on. It could inhibit the release of various inflammatory factors and reduce the expression of collagen, laminin, hyaluronic acid, and other extracellular matrix content. It could also reduce the transforming growth factors such as TGF-尾 to inhibit cell proliferation .2. Antitumor effects: the antitumor effect of curcumin is currently the most studied
pharmacological effects and attracts a lot of attention worldwide. Curcumin has
been proved to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells through regulating a variety of transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1, etc.), mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK), growth factor receptor kinase (PDGFR, VEGFR, etc.),
and cyclooxygenase. It plays an important role in the cell cycle and further to
inhibit proliferation. Curcumin can also inhibit the migration of tumor cells by
activating caspase and inducing tumor cell apoptosis .3. Anti-inflammatory effects: curcumin has a strong inhibitory effect on different
kinds of inflammation. The mechanism might relate to the reduction of the
expression of prostaglandins and leukotriene to decrease the release of various
inflammatory factors. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin is close to that
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, but it has higher
safety and lower side effects .4. Antimicrobial effects: curcumin has a strong inhibitory effect on bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites . Researchers believe that curcumin may play a
role in inhibiting microbial survival and reproduction by destroying microbial
cell membranes, inducing their genetic changes, and so on.5. Hypolipidemic effect: many researchers believe that curcumin will become a
hypolipidemic drug with a good prospect. It can lower the levels of total blood
cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increase apolipoprotein A level, promote lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism, and increase LDL excretion to reduce
LDL body content .6. Drug metabolism: rats were treated with a single dose of refined curcumin orally,
60–65% of which was absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Within 5 days, 40%
of curcumin were excreted from the feces. The plasma concentration reached the
peak after 3 days. The transformation of curcumin happened in the process of
hepato-enteral circulation .
Anticancer Research
It is a yellow-colored polyphenolic compound found in turmeric and used as a foodadditive. It has antitumor effects involved in mutagenesis, cell cycle regulation,apoptosis, oncogene expression, and metastasis. Thus it regulates the initiation,promotion, and progression of disease (Hosseini and Ghorbani 2015). Its mechanismof action is diversified and convoluted. 10 μM curcumin suppresses binding of theTPA response element (TRE) by c-Jun/activator protein-1 in NIH 3 T3 cells ofmouse fibroblasts. Both protein kinase C and ornithine decarboxylase are alsoinhibited by curcumin. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase leads tosuppression of arachidonic acid cascade (Murakami et al. 1996). Curcumin is animpressive blocker of the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting IκB kinase (IKK).Curcumin also downregulates cyclin D1, suppresses the cell growth, and inducesapoptosis in prostate, breast, acute myelogenous leukemia, and multiple myelomacancer cells. It may act against psoriasis by inhibition of phosphorylase kinaseenzyme (Aggarwal and Shishodia 2004). Curcumin downregulates the TNF-inducedNF-κB-regulated gene products involved in cellular proliferation (cyclin D1, COX-2,c-myc), antiapoptosis (IAP2, IAP1, Bcl-2, XIAP, Bcl-xL, TRAF1, Bf1–1/A1,Cflip), and metastasis (MMP-9, VEGF, ICAM-1). It also suppresses the activity ofIκBα kinase, κBα degradation, IκBα phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation,p65 phosphorylation, and p65 acetylation (Aggarwal et al. 2008). It upregulates the expression of p53, p16, p21, EGR1 (early growth response protein1), ERK(extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK(c-Jun-N-terminal kinase), ElK1, Bax,and caspase 3, caspase8, and caspase9 proteins and downregulates Bcl2, mTOR,p65, Bcl-xL, AKT, EGFR, cdc2, retinoblastoma protein (Prb), c-myc, and cyclin D1proteins (Singh et al. 2016b). It can dissociate raptor from mTOR and inhibit mTORcomplex1. The inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling results from thedephosphorylation dependent on the calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatase.Further, it modulating effect on AP-1 in HT-29 human colon cancer cells was foundto be a dose-dependent increase of AP-1 luciferase activity (Ravindran et al. 2009).Curcumin is a dynamic element of turmeric, an outstanding Indian zest that isobtained from the plant Curcuma longa dried roots. Curcumin hindered PDGFR-incitedproliferation of human hepatic myofibroblasts (Zheng and Chen 2006). Theactivated mechanism by curcumin in PDGF signaling is as follows: Curcumindecreases the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGFR-β and EGF-R; repressesthe action of ERK, JNK, and PI3/AKT; reduces cell growth; and induces apoptosisdose-dependently (Kunnumakkara et al. 2008). Moreover, curcumin interferes withPDGF signaling via relieving its inhibitory effect on PPARγ gene expression toreduce the cell growth; it also promotes the expression of PPARγ genes (Zhou et al.2007).This compound is a yellow pigment produced by plants, mostly by those in theginger family (Zingiberaceae). Curcumin has enormous potential in terms of cancerprevention and treatment, and numerous studies and reviews described it as a potentantioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent (Aggarwal et al. 2003; Agrawal and Mishra2010). It inhibits biochemical activity, restraining overexpression of some signallingpathways and regulating the expression of tumour suppression genes (Cre?uet al. 2012). Temu kunci, or galangal (Boesenbergia pandurata), is a rhizome generallyused in cooking that can also be prepared to treat diarrhoea and mouth ulcers.It has been proven non-toxic to human skin fibroblast cells and offers protectiveeffects against colon cancer (Kirana et al. 2007). Turmeric (Curcuma longa) andginger (Zingiber officinale) are two plants that contain an abundance of curcuminand which have been investigated for their therapeutic properties. One piece ofresearch, for example, showed that ethanolic extract of turmeric showed anti-melanomaactivity against malignant melanomas (Danciu et al. 2015).
Clinical Use
1. Cholagogic effect could promote bile formation and secretion. 2. Hypolipidemic effect could reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood and prevent atherosclerosis. 3. Antibacterial and antiviral effect could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and HIV. 4. Liver protection. 5. Anticancer and antitumor effect. 6. Help with the prevention of dementia. 7. Anti-inflammation and treatment of acne and dermatitis. 8. There are no reports of adverse effect of curcumin till now.
Purification Methods
Crystallise curcumin from EtOH or acetic acid. [Beilstein 8 IV 3697.]
References
1) Zhang?et al.?(2015),?Anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on mast cell-mediated allergic responses in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis mouse; Cell Immunol.?298?88
2) Li?et al.?(2018),?Anticancer effects of curcumin on nude mice bearing lung cancer A549 cell subsets SP and NSP cells; Oncol. Lett.?16?6756
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 458-37-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 4,5 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 458-37:
(5*4)+(4*5)+(3*8)+(2*3)+(1*7)=77
77 % 10 = 7
So 458-37-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-13,22,24-25H,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+,16-13-
458-37-7Relevant articles and documents
Effects of Stable Degradation Products of Curcumin on Cancer Cell Proliferation and Inflammation
Sanidad, Katherine Z.,Zhu, Julia,Wang, Weicang,Du, Zheyuan,Zhang, Guodong
, p. 9189 - 9195 (2016)
Curcumin is among the most promising dietary compounds for cancer prevention. However, curcumin rapidly degrades in aqueous buffer at physiological pH, making it difficult to understand whether the effects of curcumin are from curcumin itself or its degradation products. Here we studied the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin degradation products, including its total degradation products (a mixture containing all stable degradation products of curcumin) and bicyclopentadione (a dominant stable degradation compound of curcumin). Curcumin potently modulated cell proliferation, progression of cell cycle, and apoptosis in MC38 colon cancer cells and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In contrast, neither the total degradation products of curcumin nor bicyclopentadione had such effects. For example, after 24 h of treatment in MC38 colon cancer cells, 5 μg/mL curcumin inhibited 39.2 ± 1.8% of cell proliferation, whereas its degradation products were inactive. Together, these results suggest that the stable chemical degradation products of curcumin are not likely to play a major role in mediating the biological activities of curcumin.
Novel flourescent spiroborate esters: potential therapeutic agents in in vitro cancer models
Anjana,Joseph, Josna,John, Jeena,Balachandran,Kumar, T. R. Santhosh,Abraham, Annie
, p. 727 - 740 (2019)
The current treatment system in cancer therapy, which includes chemotherapy/radiotherapy is expensive and often deleterious to surrounding healthy tissue. Presently, several medicinal plants and their constituents are in use to manage the development and progression of these diseases.They have been found effective, safe, and less expensive. In the present study, we are proposing the utility of a new class of curcumin derivative, Rubrocurcumin, the spiroborate ester of curcumin with boric acid and oxalic acid (1:1:1), which have enhanced biostability for therapeutic applications. In vitro cytocompatibility of this drug complex was analysed using MTT assay, neutral red assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay in 3T3L1 adipocytes. Anti tumour activity of this drug complex on MCF7 and A431 human cancer cell line was studied by morphological analysis using phase contrast microscopy, Hoechst staining and cell cycle analysis by FACS. To explore the chemotherapeutic effect, the cytotoxic effect of this compound was also carried out. Rubrocurcumin is more biostable than natural curcumin in physiological medium. Our results prove that this curcumin derivative drug complex possess more efficacy and anti-cancer activity compared with curcumin. The findings out of this study suggests this novel compound as potential candidate for site targeted drug delivery.
Stable isotope labeling strategy for curcumin metabolite study in human liver microsomes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Gao, Dan,Chen, Xiaowu,Yang, Xiaomei,Wu, Qin,Jin, Feng,Wen, Hongliang,Jiang, Yuyang,Liu, Hongxia
, p. 686 - 694 (2015)
The identification of drug metabolites is very important in drug development. Nowadays, the most widely used methods are isotopes and mass spectrometry. However, the commercial isotopic labeled reagents are usually very expensive, and the rapid and convenient identification of metabolites is still difficult. In this paper, an 18O isotope labeling strategy was developed and the isotopes were used as a tool to identify drug metabolites using mass spectrometry. Curcumin was selected as a model drug to evaluate the established method, and the 18O labeled curcumin was successfully synthesized. The non-labeled and 18O labeled curcumin were simultaneously metabolized in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The two groups of chromatograms obtained from metabolic reaction mixture with and without cofactors were compared and analyzed using Metabolynx software (Waters Corp.; Milford, MA, USA). The mass spectra of the newly appearing chromatographic peaks in the experimental sample were further analyzed to find the metabolite candidates. Their chemical structures were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Three metabolites, including two reduction products and a glucuronide conjugate, were successfully detected under their specific HLMs metabolic conditions, which were in accordance with the literature reported results. The results demonstrated that the developed isotope labeling method, together with post-acquisition data processing using Metabolynx software, could be used for fast identification of new drug metabolites.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Sn(II) and Ca(II) complexes of curcumin
Pallikkavil, Radhika,Ummathur, Muhammed Basheer,Sreedharan, Sajith,Krishnankutty, Krishnannair
, p. 123 - 127 (2013)
Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Sn(II) and Ca(II) complexes of curcumin have been prepared and characterized on the basis of their analytical, spectral and conductance data. In all the complexes, curcumin behaved as a monobasic bidentate ligand in which the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded enolic proton is replaced by the metal ion. The antifungal (with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus heteromorphus and Penicillium verruculosum ) and antibacterial (with Bacillus cereus ) studies reveal that metal complexation considerably increased the activity of curcumin, and among the complexes, Sn(II) complex exhibited maximum activity except for A. flavus where Hg(II) complex is more active.
Phenol radical cations and phenoxyl radicals in electron transfer from the natural phenols sesamol, curcumin and trolox to the parent radical cations of 1-chlorobutane
Joshi,Naumov,Kapoor,Mukherjee,Hermann,Brede
, p. 665 - 674 (2004)
The free electron transfer from sesamol, curcumin and trolox to solvent (1-chlorobutane) radical cations was studied. The solutes (ArOH) react with BuCl.+ at diffusion-controlled rates (～1010dm 3mol-1s-1/s
Platinum(II) Complexes of Curcumin Showing Photocytotoxicity in Visible Light
Mitra, Koushambi,Gautam, Srishti,Kondaiah, Paturu,Chakravarty, Akhil R.
, p. 1753 - 1763 (2017)
Three platinum(II) complexes of curcumin, [Pt(NH3)2(cur)](NO3) (1), [Pt(en)(cur)](NO3) (2) and [Pt(dach)(cur)](NO3) (3), where Hcur is curcumin, en is ethylenediamine and dach is 1R,2R-(–)-1,2-diamino
Asymmetric 1,5-diarylpenta-1,4-dien-3-ones: Antiproliferative activity in prostate epithelial cell models and pharmacokinetic studies
Zhang, Xiaojie,Guo, Shanchun,Chen, Chengsheng,Perez, German Ruiz,Zhang, Changde,Patanapongpibul, Manee,Subrahmanyam, Nithya,Wang, Rubing,Keith, Joshua,Chen, Guanglin,Dong, Yan,Zhang, Qiang,Zhong, Qiu,Zheng, Shilong,Wang, Guangdi,Chen, Qiao-Hong
, p. 263 - 279 (2017)
To further engineer dienones with optimal combinations of potency and bioavailability, thirty-four asymmetric 1,5-diarylpenta-1,4-dien-3-ones (25–58) have been designed and synthesized for the evaluation of their in vitro anti-proliferative activity in three human prostate cancer cell lines and one non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cell line. All these asymmetric dienones are sufficiently more potent than curcumin and their corresponding symmetric counterparts. The optimal dienone 58, with IC50 values in the range of 0.03–0.12 μM, is 636-, 219-, and 454-fold more potent than curcumin in three prostate cancer cell models. Dienones 28 and 49 emerged as the most promising asymmetric dienones that warrant further preclinical studies. The two lead compounds demonstrated substantially improved potency in cell models and superior bioavailability in rats, while exhibiting no acute toxicity in the animals at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Dienones 28 and 46 can induce PC-3 cell cycle regulation at the G0/G1 phase. However, dienone 28 induces PC-3 cell death in a different way from 46 even though they share the same scaffold, indicating that terminal heteroaromatic rings are critical to the action of mechanism for each specific dienone.
Effects of different carboxylic ester spacers on chemical stability, release characteristics, and anticancer activity of mono-PEGylated curcumin conjugates
Wichitnithad, Wisut,Nimmannit, Ubonthip,Callery, Patrick S.,Rojsitthisak, Pornchai
, p. 5206 - 5218 (2011)
We investigated the effects of different carboxylic ester spacers of mono-PEGylated curcumin conjugates on chemical stability, release characteristics, and anticancer activity. Three novel conjugates were synthesized with succinic acid, glutaric acid, and methylcarboxylic acid as the respective spacers between curcumin and monomethoxy polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 2000 (mPEG2000): mPEG2000-succinyl-curcumin (PSC), mPEG2000-glutaryl-curcumin (PGC), and mPEG2000-methylcarboxyl-curcumin (PMC), respectively. Hydrolysis of all conjugates in buffer and human plasma followed pseudo first-order kinetics. In phosphate buffer, the overall degradation rate constant and half-life values indicated an order of stability of PGC > PSC > PMC > curcumin. In human plasma, more than 90% of curcumin was released from the esters after incubation for 0.25, 1.5, and 2 h, respectively. All conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines: Caco-2 (colon), KB (oral cavity), MCF7 (breast), and NCI-H187 (lung) with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 1-6 μM, similar to that observed for curcumin itself. Our results suggest that mono-PEGylation of curcumin produces prodrugs that are stable in buffer at physiological pH, release curcumin readily in human plasma, and show anticancer activity.
How curcumin works preferentially with water soluble antioxidants
Jovanovic,Boone,Steenken,Trinoga,Kaskey
, p. 3064 - 3068 (2001)
In this study we investigated physicochemical characteristics of the curcumin radical by pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis. Two methylated curcumin derivatives, methylcurcumin and trimethyl-curcumin, were synthesized to explore the role of phenol hydroxy and β-diketone moieties in the free radical chemistry of curcumin. Our results show that the initially generated β-oxo-alkyl transforms rapidly, probably via an intramolecular H-atom shift, into the phenoxyl-type curcumin radical. This phenoxyl does not react with oxygen, k 5 M-1 s-1, and can be repaired by any water-soluble antioxidant with appropriate redox potential, E6 6 M-1 s-1. A molecular mechanism of cancer chemoprevention by curcumin is proposed, with special emphasis on the synergism with water-soluble antioxidants.
Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites
Ali, Wajid,Anjana, S. S.,Bhattacharya, Trisha,Chandrashekar, Hediyala B.,Goswami, Nupur,Guin, Srimanta,Maiti, Debabrata,Panda, Sanjib,Prakash, Gaurav,Saha, Argha,Sasmal, Sheuli,Sinha, Soumya Kumar
supporting information, p. 1929 - 1940 (2022/02/01)
The Fujiwara-Moritani reaction has had a profound contribution in the emergence of contemporary C-H activation protocols. Despite the applicability of the traditional approach in different fields, the associated reactivity and regioselectivity issues had
