497-76-7 Usage
The ideal whitening agent of whitening cosmetics
Arbutin is an ideal whitening agent of whitening cosmetics. It is also called the hydroquinone glucoside. There are two kinds of optical isomers, namely α and ?. The ? isomer has biological activity. At room temperature, it is white with pale yellow powder. It is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerin aqueous solution, and it has no precipitation after dissolved. It is insoluble in chloroform, ether and petroleum ether, etc. Arbutin is always added in a lot of whitening skin care products. Arbutin is named for that it was founded in ericaceae plants of the genus bearberry leaves. Subsequently, it is also founded in the leaves of ericaceae vaccinium bilberry, rosaceae pyrus sand pear (european pear, small yamanashi), saxifragaceae saxifrage and other plants. It is used as drug and cosmetic additives after extracted.
Arbutin can whiten skin and medicate freckle effectively. It can gradually reduce and eliminate skin freckles, melasma, hyperpigmentation, acne and age spots. It has higher security and no irritating, allergenic and other side effects. It has good compatibility with cosmetics components and ultraviolet irradiation stability. But arbutin is easily hydrolyzed, and it should be used under conditions of PH 5-7. In order to stabilize the performance, it is typically added an appropriate amount of antioxidants such as sodium bisulfate and vitamin E. Then it can get better effect of whitening, freckle, moisturizer, soft, wrinkle removal, anti-inflammatory. Arbutin can be used to eliminate swelling, promote wound healing without leaving scars. Besides, it also can inhibit the generation of dandruff.
Ursolic acid and α- arbutin
Ursolic acid is a kind of triterpene compounds that exists in the natural plant. It has many kinds of biological effects, like calm, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer and hypoglycaemic. In recent years, it is found that ursolic acid has the effect on resistance to get and promote cancer, and induction to F9 teratoma cell differentiation and anti-angiogenesis. It is likely to be low toxic and efficient new anti-cancer drugs. In addition, ursolic acid has obvious antioxidant function, so it is widely used as pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients.
α-Arbutin can repair damaged skin that caused by ultraviolet radiation and regain transparency of skin. It is not easy to be decomposed by the β-glycosidase enzymes on the surface of the skin. Its effect is about 10 times of β-arbutin. It can stay for a long time in every corner of the skin, and protect skin from harm. Melanin is the reason for the formation of skin dull. α-Arbutin can rapidly permeate into deep skin, and inhibit the activity of tyrosinase that exists in the depths of the cuticle of chromoplast. Then it forms a dual effect on the surface of the skin, and inhibits the generation of melanin.
Is it suitable for using during the day?
Arbutin can reduce the formation of melanin through inhibiting the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, which can generate melanin. The action principle is similar to whitening drugs hydroquinone. But hydroquinone has side effects and need so many precautions. Hydroquinone must be used below the doctor's guidance and monitoring. But there is glucose molecule in the structure of arbutin, which is not in hydroquinone. So its irritation is low. It is free to add arbutin to skin care products, and its concentration limit can be up to 7%.
Arbutin reactive molecules can penetrate base layer to lighten spots deeply. It has strong therapeutic effect on hyperpigmentation left over by chloasma, black spot, sun spot, drug allergy. But if its concentration is low, then the effect of persistence will be weakened. So, 5% is the safest and most efficient concentration to lighten spot. When its concentration is 5%, its effect is faster than vitamin C, and more persistent and stable. More important, it won't produce irritating effect on the skin.
Arbutin is absorbed by the skin and reduced to hydroquinone, which raises some doubts about the safety of arbutin. They think that arbutin may have a chance to produce side effects similar to hydroquinone. The most commonly heard says that "cosmetics contains arbutin cannot be used during the day, otherwise whitening fails, but more black".
In fact, do not worry about that. Tests show that only the concentration of arbutin is more than 7% that it may be photosensitive. So 7% is a safety critical point. The concentration of ingredients added in skin care products has specific provision. The highest concentration is 7%. In this concentration range, arbutin is not enough to produce light sensitivity. But it does not have to be used away from light. When arbutin is absorbed by the skin and deposed by light, it will be reduced to hydroquinone and produce whitening effect. The concentration of hydroquinone in arbutin skin care products is lower than 20 PPM (that is twenty millionths). Hydroquinone won't cause side effects, like skin dark, within the limits of such a low concentration.
If just because the skin care products contain arbutin so that we are afraid to use them during the day. That doesn't need unless that the skin care products containing arbutin also are added other maintenance components which need to be away from light. In a word, choose reliable brand of skin care products. Then regardless of what is painted, good sunscreen is necessary during the day.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 497-76-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Diuretic and anti-infective drugs of urinary system. Color photographic developing stabilizer. Whitening, anti-freckle, hair care in cosmetics.
2. arbutin is used primarily for its anti-oxidant and bleaching properties. Arbutin is the active constituent of bearberry, and found in other plant sources, including wheat. It acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor by converting to hydroquinone, and thus can prevent melanin formation.
3. tyrosinase inhibitor, depigmentor, antitussive
4. Antibacterial;Tyrosinase inhibitor
5. Arbutin is a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from bearberry plant. Arbutin is a known inhibitor of tyrosinase, which in turn prevents the formation of melanin. Arbutin is often used as a skin-ligh
tening agent in cosmetic products.
6. veterinary drug
Chemical Properties
Crystalline powder
Physical properties
Appearance: white powder. Solubility: soluble in hot water. Melting point: 198–201?°C
History
Arbutin is a hydroquinone compound with two epimers, α and β arbutin. The sources
of α-arbutin and β-arbutin are completely different. β-arbutin can be prepared by
plant extraction, plant cell culture, and artificial synthesis. Arbutin can relieve cough
and asthma and has whitening effect.
The Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido developed the arbutin as a whitening
agent in the 1990s. Arbutin can not only reduce skin freckles, senile plaques, and
chloasma but also relieve acne and improve healing after skin burns. Arbutin is the
epimer of β-arbutin, and the spatial orientation of their glycosidic bonds is just the
opposite. Alpha arbutin is generally prepared by different microbial enzymes. A
molecule of glucose and a molecule of hydroquinone combine to form a molecule
α-arbutin . Alpha arbutin improves ultraviolet burn scar. α-Arbutin can be used in
a variety of skin whitening cosmetics since it is chemically stable.
Definition
ChEBI: A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.
Indications
Arbutin has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and whitening effects and is mainly used in whitening cosmetics.
Pharmacology
Arbutin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in skin cells and block the formation of melanin without affecting cell proliferation . Furthermore, it could accelerate the decomposition and excretion of melanin and thereby reduce skin pigmentation and eliminate freckles. In addition, arbutin shows no toxicity, irritation, sensitization, and other side effects . Alpha arbutin is safer and has a stronger inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. At present the whitening cosmetics market in the developed countries has been almost monopolized by arbutin.
Clinical Use
Arbutin is mainly used in high-level cosmetics and has been formulated into skin cream, freckle cream, and senior pearl cream. Arbutin is a major component of medicine for treating burn and scald, characterized by rapid elimination of pain and swelling and fast healing, leaving no scars. Arbutin can also be used as raw materials for intestinal anti-inflammatory drug, with sterilization, anti-inflammatory effect, and nontoxic side effects.
Purification Methods
The glycoside from Protea exima is purified by recrystallisation from H2O or moist EtOAc (as monohydrate), after chromatography through silica Gel using EtOAc/MeOH. Crystallisation from EtOH/CHCl3 gives crystals m 199-200o with intermediate melting at 164o and resolidifying. The pentaacetate crystallises from EtOH in fine needles with m 145-146o, [] D 20 -28.2o (c 2, Me2CO). [Robinson & Waters J Chem Soc 2729 1930, IR, NMR, MS: Perold et al. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 1 239 1979, Beilstein 17/7 V 110.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 497-76-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 4,9 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 497-76:
(5*4)+(4*9)+(3*7)+(2*7)+(1*6)=97
97 % 10 = 7
So 497-76-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C12H16O7/c13-5-8-9(15)10(16)11(17)12(19-8)18-7-3-1-6(14)2-4-7/h1-4,8-17H,5H2/t8-,9+,10+,11-,12-/m1/s1
497-76-7Relevant articles and documents
High-Field Formation of Arbutin from Hydroquinone by Cell-Suspension Cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina
Lutterbach, Ralf,Stoeckigt, Joachim
, p. 2009 - 2011 (1992)
High-density cell-suspension cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina cultivated in a nutrition medium optimized for the production of the glucoalkaloid raucaffricine synthesize hydroquinone glycosides from continuously added hydroquinone with a total yield of 23.87 g/l (18 g/l of arbutin and 5.87 g/l of a hydroquinone diglycoside) in 7 days.This arbutin production is by far the highest formation of a natural product by plant-cell-culture systems reported to date.
Rapid biosynthesis of phenolic glycosides and their derivatives from biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates
Zhao, Mingtao,Hong, Xulin,Abdullah,Yao, Ruilian,Xiao, Yi
, p. 838 - 847 (2021/02/09)
Biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates (mainly includingp-coumaric acid and ferulic acid), which are natural sources of aromatic compounds, are highly underutilized resources. There is a need to upgrade them to make them economically feasible. Value-added phenolic glycosides and their derivatives, both belonging to a class of plant aromatic natural products, are widely used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, their complex aromatic structures make their efficient biosynthesis a challenging process. To overcome this issue, we created three novel synthetic cascades for the biosynthesis of phenolic glycosides (gastrodin, arbutin, and salidroside) and their derivatives (hydroquinone, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and homovanillyl alcohol) fromp-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Moreover, because the biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates directly provided aromatic units, the cascades enabled efficient biosynthesis. We achieved substantially high production rates (up to or above 100-fold enhancement) relative to the glucose-based biosynthesis. Given the ubiquity of the aromatic structure in natural products, the use of biomass-derived aromatics should facilitate the rapid biosynthesis of numerous aromatic natural products.
α-Glucosidic hydroquinone derivatives from Viburnum erosum
Choi, Seong Yeon,Jang, Hyeon Seok,Jeong, Birang,Kim, Juyeol,Kwon, Yong Soo,Lee, Jiho,Park, Jinyoung,Yang, Heejung
, (2021/05/03)
Six undescribed compounds (1–6) were isolated from the leaves of Viburnum erosum along with four known compounds 7–10. The structures were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were established by chemical and
Preparation method of glucoside and derivatives thereof
-
Paragraph 0040; 0043, (2020/04/02)
The invention discloses a preparation method of glucoside and derivatives thereof. According to the method, all hydroxyl groups on a sugar molecule structure are acetylated, a ligand containing phenolic hydroxyl groups is prepared at the same time, then boron trifluoride-diethyl ether is used as a catalyst, the two substances are condensed to obtain tetraacetylated glucoside, and finally acetyl protecting groups are removed to obtain the required glucoside. The method can selectively catalyze hemiacetal hydroxyl of monosaccharide to react with hydroxyl to obtain glucoside, and the product is single. The method is simple in production operation and low in equipment requirement, can be used for synthesizing glucoside and derivatives thereof with similar structures, is green and environment-friendly, and can be used for large-scale production.
Method for chemically synthesizing beta-arbutin
-
Paragraph 0004; 0006-0010, (2020/02/10)
The invention provides a method for chemically synthesizing beta-arbutin. The synthesis method includes the following steps: using D-glucose and acetic anhydride as raw materials, and carrying out reaction under the catalysis of molecular iodine to obtain a penta-acetyl glucose anomer mixture; subjecting the mixture without isolation and 4-Methoxyphenol to reaction under the catalysis of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to obtain 4-Methoxyphenyl-2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyanoside, dissolving the 4-Methoxyphenyl-2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyanoside in anhydrous methanol, andremoving the acetyl group on the sugar ring and the methoxy group on the benzene ring under the conditions of sodium methoxide and cuprous oxide, thereby obtaining beta-arbutin. The method has the advantages of convenient operation, less discharge of the three wastes (waste gas, waste water and industrial residue), high yield and low cost, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Chemo- and Regioselective Dihydroxylation of Benzene to Hydroquinone Enabled by Engineered Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase
Zhou, Hangyu,Wang, Binju,Wang, Fei,Yu, Xiaojuan,Ma, Lixin,Li, Aitao,Reetz, Manfred T.
supporting information, p. 764 - 768 (2018/12/13)
Hydroquinone (HQ) is produced commercially from benzene by multi-step Hock-type processes with equivalent amounts of acetone as side-product. We describe an efficient biocatalytic alternative using the cytochrome P450-BM3 monooxygenase. Since the wildtype enzyme does not accept benzene, a semi-rational protein engineering strategy was developed. Highly active mutants were obtained which transform benzene in a one-pot sequence first into phenol and then regioselectively into HQ without any overoxidation. A computational study shows that the chemoselective oxidation of phenol by the P450-BM3 variant A82F/A328F leads to the regioselective formation of an epoxide intermediate at the C3=C4 double bond, which departs from the binding pocket and then undergoes fragmentation in aqueous medium with exclusive formation of HQ. As a practical application, an E. coli designer cell system was constructed, which enables the cascade transformation of benzene into the natural product arbutin, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities.
Preparation of salidroside with n-butyl β-D-glucoside as the glycone donor via a two-step enzymatic synthesis catalyzed by immobilized β-glucosidase from bitter almonds
Wang, Feng,Huang, Dengfa,Ma, Yong,Zhang, Fuming,Linhardt, Robert J.
, p. 246 - 260 (2019/02/03)
β-Glucosidase from bitter almonds was immobilized on epoxy group-functionalized beads for catalyzing salidroside synthesis in a two-step process with n-butyl-β-D-glucoside (BG) as the glucosyl donor. The formation of salidroside ((0.59 ± 0.02) M) at a yield of 39.04%±1.25% was accomplished in 8 h by the transglucosylation of immobilized β-glucosidase at pH?8.0 and 50 °C when the ratio of BG to tyrosol was 1:2 (mol/mol). A study on the influence of different glycosyl acceptors demonstrated that the yield of the glucosylation reaction of phenylmethanol and cyclohexanol was higher than that of either phenol or cyclohexanol. This may account for the selectivity of the immobilized enzyme towards the alcoholic hydroxyl group of tyrosol in the salidroside synthesis reaction. A study on the synthesis of BG via the reverse hydrolysis of immobilized β-glucosidase showed that a yield of 78.04%±2.2% BG can be obtained with a product concentration of (0.23 ± 0.015) M.
Chemical synthetic method for beta-arbutin
-
, (2019/01/08)
The invention provides a chemical synthetic method for beta-arbutin, which includes: 1) performing a reaction to pentaacetyl-beta-D-glucose with a 70% hydrofluoric acid pyridine solution at 10-30 DEGC to obtain tetraacetyl-alpha-fluoroglucose; 2) performing a reaction to the tetraacetyl-alpha-fluoroglucose with p-hydroxyacetophenone in a mixed solvent under catalysis of tetrabutylammonium bromidewith Ca(OH)2 being an accelerant at 20-30 DEG C to prepare p-acetylphenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 3) performing a reaction to the p-acetylphenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside with 40% peroxyacetic acid in an organic solvent at 5-20 DEG C to obtain p-acetoxylphenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 4) performing a reaction to the p-acetoxylphenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside at 15-25 DEG C in the presence of anhydrous methanol-sodium methoxide to obtain the beta-arbutin. The method is high in yield, low in cost, gentle in conditions and less in emission of waste liquid, waste gas and waste solids, and is suitable for industrial production.
Arbutin Derivatives Isolated from Ancient Proteaceae: Potential Phytochemical Markers Present in Bellendena, Cenarrhenes, and Persoonia Genera
Deans, Bianca J.,Kilah, Nathan L.,Jordan, Gregory J.,Bissember, Alex C.,Smith, Jason A.
, p. 1241 - 1251 (2018/05/31)
Extensive phytochemical studies of the paleoendemic Tasmanian Proteaceae species Bellendena montana, Cenarrhenes nitida, and Persoonia gunnii were conducted employing pressurized hot water extraction. As part of these studies, six novel glycosides were is
Synthesis method for beta-arbutin
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Paragraph 0022; 0023; 0024; 0025; 0026; 0027, (2017/10/13)
The invention discloses a synthesis method for beta-arbutin and belongs to the field of synthesis of daily chemical additives. The invention aims to provide a synthesis method of which the yield can reach 81 to 90 percent. According to the method, tetra-acetyl arbutin is acetylated, and then a product is de-acetylated, wherein the tetra-acetyl arbutin is obtained by reaction among penta-acetyl glucopyranose, hydroquinone and derivatives thereof under ionic liquid. The synthesis method for the beta-arbutin can be used for synthesizing the beta-arbutin in daily chemical products.
