787-70-2

Basic information

• Product Name: Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid
• Synonyms: 4,4'-BIPHENYLDICARBOXYLIC ACID;4,4'-BIBENZOIC ACID;4,4'-DICARBOXYDIPHENYL;4,4'-DIBENZOIC ACID;4,4'-BISBENZOIC ACID;4,4'-DIPHENIC ACID;4,4'-DIPHENYLDICARBOXYLIC ACID;DIPHENYL-4,4'-DICARBOXYLIC ACID
• CAS NO: 787-70-2
• Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₀O₄
• Molecular Weight: 242.23
• EINECS: 212-328-3
• Product Categories: Industrial/Fine Chemicals;Biphenyl derivatives;Biphenyl & Diphenyl ether;Biphenyls (for High-Performance Polymer Research);Functional Materials;Reagent for High-Performance Polymer Research;Carboxylic Acid Monomers;Monomers;Polymer Science;API's;Biphenyl series
• Mol File: 787-70-2.mol
• Article Data: 42

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 482.5 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 259.7 °C
• Appearance: White to light beige/Powder
• Density: 1.347 g/cm³
• Storage Temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
• PKA: 3.77±0.10(Predicted)
• BRN: 523308
• CAS DataBase Reference: Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid(787-70-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid(787-70-2)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi,Xn
• Statements: 36/37/38-20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 26-37/39-36
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: DV2975000
• Hazardous Substances Data: 787-70-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

White to light beige powder

Uses

Dendrimer building block.

Purification Methods

The dicarboxylic acid is a white amorphous or microcrystalline substance which does not melt or sublime. It is best purified by precipitation of an aqueous alkaline solution with mineral acid, washing well with H2O and drying in vacuo at 100o. It is characterized by conversion to diphenyl-4,4’-dicarbonyl chloride (with PCl5 [Work J Chem Soc 1317 1940], or by phase transfer catalysis with SOCl2 + BuEt3N+Cl-in 1,2-dichloroethane [Burdett Synthesis 441 1991]) which crystallises from *C6H6 with m 184o. The di-acid chloride gives the dimethyl ester with MeOH, and has m 215-217o (plates from MeOH, m’s of 214o and 224o were also reported). The diethyl ester is similarly prepared with EtOH and has m 122o (from EtOH). [Beilstein 9 II 665, 9 III 4519, 9 IV 3563.]

Synthetic route

(4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) (613-33-2) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; acetic anhydride for 17h; Reflux; Large scale; Green chemistry;	98.6%
With acetic acid In water at 190℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 3h;	93.1%
With chromium; acetic acid

4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (792-74-5) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid In water; acetic acid at 120℃; for 24h; Reflux;	96.6%
With sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 80℃; for 48h; Reflux;	88%

4,4'-bis(trichloromethyl)biphenyl (30061-79-1) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With water; sodium hydroxide for 10h; Temperature; Reflux;	95.6%
With water

4-Bromobenzoic acid (586-76-5) + 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (14047-29-1) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With 4-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride; sodium carbonate; sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) In water at 20℃; Suzuki reaction;	94%
With Na2[Pd(BuHSS)]; caesium carbonate In water at 80℃; for 2h; Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; Sealed tube; Green chemistry;	92%
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; sodium carbonate In water at 150℃; for 0.0833333h; Suzuki reaction; microwave irradiation;

4-iodobenzoic acid (619-58-9) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With indium; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 4h;	91.7%
With [Pd{C6H4(CH2N(CH2Ph)2)}(μ-Br)]2; potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 130℃; for 14h; Microwave irradiation;	88%
With sodium hydroxide; ammonium formate; zinc In methanol for 2.5h; Heating;	82%

carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene (92-86-4) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: carbon dioxide With o-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine); copper(II) acetate monohydrate In 1,4-dioxane at 65℃; for 0.333333h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene With palladium diacetate; triethylamine; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 100℃; for 16h; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube;	91%
Stage #1: carbon dioxide With o-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine); copper(II) acetate monohydrate In 1,4-dioxane at 65℃; for 0.416667h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene With palladium diacetate; triethylamine; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 100℃; for 16h; Schlenk technique;	91%

4-iodobenzoic acid (619-58-9) + 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (14047-29-1) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); Davisil 500 Angstroem beads; sodium carbonate In water for 0.0833333h; Suzuki cross coupling reaction; Heating;	86%
With potassium carbonate In water Suzuki-Miyaura reaction; Heating;

para-chlorobenzoic acid (74-11-3) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine; samarium; copper(l) chloride In water at 20℃; for 17h; Ionic liquid;	81%
With triethylamine; palladium dichloride at 80℃; for 20h;	80%
With sodium hydroxide; 10%-palladium on charcoal In water	50%

4-Bromobenzoic acid (586-76-5) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With [Pd{C6H4(CH2N(CH2Ph)2)}(μ-Br)]2; potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 130℃; for 30h; Microwave irradiation;	80%
With ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; potassium carbonate; ascorbic acid In ethanol; water for 9h; Heating;	70%
With tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 6h; Electrochemical reaction;	58%
With potassium hydroxide; palladium on activated charcoal; Lindlar's catalyst; hydrazine hydrate at 140℃;
With bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) dicarbonyl In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 6h;	70 % Chromat.

potassium (4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)trifluoroborate (705254-34-8) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With Pd(np)/Te-Dps; water at 100℃; for 24h; pH=8.9; Aerobic conditions; aq. Tris-HCl buffer; Combinatorial reaction / High throughput screening (HTS);	60%

n-butyllithium (109-72-8, 29786-93-4) + 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene (92-86-4) → 4-(4-bromophenyl)benzoic acid (5731-11-3) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether anschliessendes Behandeln mit Kohlendioxid;

(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-dicarbonitrile (1591-30-6) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid
With hydrogenchloride at 180℃;

4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl (581-80-6) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid

4-Bromobenzoic acid (586-76-5) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + benzoic acid (65-85-0)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; palladium on activated charcoal Hydrogenation;

4'-methyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (720-73-0) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With permanganate(VII) ion

4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (2050-68-2) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With magnesium anschliessend Behandeln mit CO2;

4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene (92-86-4) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With n-butyllithium; Petroleum ether Behandeln des von Petrolaether befreiten Reaktionsgemisches mit festem Kohlendioxid;

4,4'-diacetylbiphenyl (787-69-9) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hypochlorite
With manganese(II) nitrate; oxygen; cobalt(II) nitrate In acetic acid at 100℃; for 6h;
With nitric acid; acetic acid for 144h; Reflux;

4-4'-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl (20248-86-6) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid

4,4'-Bis(1-chloro-1-methylol-2-ethenyl)biphenyl (77443-75-5) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; potassium permanganate In water for 8h; Product distribution; Heating;

(Z)-3-[4'-((Z)-2-Carboxy-2-chloro-vinyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-2-chloro-acrylic acid (77443-80-2) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; potassium permanganate In water Product distribution;

1-(4'-(1-methylethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)ethanone (102714-30-7) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
(oxidation);

p.p'-Bis(2-cyanovinyl)biphenyl (42094-75-7) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium permanganate

4-iodobenzoic acid (619-58-9) → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + benzoic acid (65-85-0)

Conditions	Yield
With M2PtCl4 In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; Kinetics; Substitution; oxidative coupling;

dipotassium-salt of/the/ diphenic acid → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon dioxide; cadmium(II) oxide at 380℃;

(4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) (613-33-2) + aqueous KMnO4-solution → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

(4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) (613-33-2) + acetic acid (64-19-7) + CrO3 → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + p-tolyl-benzoic acid

ethanol (64-17-5) + 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene (92-86-4) + potassium cyanide (151-50-8) + NiCl2 → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 260 - 270℃;

4-Bromobenzoic acid (586-76-5) + hydrazine hydrate (7803-57-8) + methanol. KOH-solution + palladium/calcium carbonate → 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 140℃;

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid dichloride (2351-37-3)

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride for 3h; Reflux;	100%
With thionyl chloride; betaine In 1,2-dichloro-ethane for 17h; Heating; other catalysts;	96%
With oxalyl dichloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 18h;	93%

guanidine hydrogen carbonate (124-46-9, 20734-13-8, 100224-74-6, 593-85-1) + tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide (2052-49-5) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → 3C14H8O4(2-)*6C16H36N(1+)*6CH5N3*6CH2O3

Conditions	Yield
for 0.0833333h;	100%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → sodium (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-dicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water	100%
With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃;	71%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → C14H8O4(2-)*2Rb(1+)

Conditions	Yield
With rubidium hydroxide In water	100%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → C14H8O4(2-)*2Cs(1+)

Conditions	Yield
With cesium hydroxide In water	100%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → lithium [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
With lithium hydroxide In water	100%
With lithium hydroxide monohydrate In ethanol at 60℃; for 12h;	93%
With lithium hydroxide monohydrate In methanol for 1h; Solvent;

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylic acid dipotassium salt

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water	100%

tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide (2052-49-5) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → tetrabutylammonium 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; ethanol	100%

[2,2]bipyridinyl (366-18-7) + zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + N,N-dimethyl-formamide (68-12-2, 33513-42-7) → {[Zn(4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylato)(2,2'-bipyridine)]·2N,N-dimethylformamide}n

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; for 96 - 168h;	100%

2,2-bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (24546-39-2) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → polymer, inherent viscosity 0.1% in sulfuric acid at 25 deg C 0.75 dl/g; monomer(s): 2,2-bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane; biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 25℃; for 26h;	99%

4,4'-bipyridine (553-26-4) + cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + N,N-dimethyl-formamide (68-12-2, 33513-42-7) → Co3(4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate)3(4,4'-bipyridine)*4(N,N-dimethylformamide)*H2O

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide High Pressure; solvothermal reaction; mixt. of Co salt, 4,4'-bipyridine, and dicarboxylic acid in DMF heated at 150°C for 3 d; elem. anal.;	99%
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide High Pressure; mixt. of Co(NO3)2*6H2O, dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-bipyridine in DMF heatedat 150°C for 48 h in Teflon-lined autoclave, cooled to room temp .; crystals filtered off, washed with DMF, dried at 80°C for 3 h;

tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide (75-59-2) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → bis(tetramethylammonium) 4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 21℃; for 48h;	98%

(3S,4S)-N3,N4-bis(4-fluorophenethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide hydrochloride + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → (3S,3’S,4S,4’S)-1,1’-([1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-dicarbonyl)bis(N3,N4-bis (4-fluorophenethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 23℃;	98%

tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide (75-59-2) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → bis(tetramethylammonium) 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 21℃; for 48h;	98%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + 2,8-Diphenoxydibenzofuran (121073-96-9) → polymer, inherent viscosity 0.1% in sulfuric acid at 25 deg C 0.76 dl/g; monomer(s): 2,8-diphenoxydibenzofuran; biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 25℃; for 26h;	96%

(3S,4S)-N3,N4-bis(((1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide hydrochloride + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → (3S,3’S,4S,4’S)-1,1’-(4,4’-biphenyldicarboxoyl)-bis(N3,N4-bis((1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 23℃; for 18h;	96%

methanol (67-56-1) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (792-74-5)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4,4'-diphenic acid With thionyl chloride Reflux; Stage #2: methanol at 0℃;	95%
With phosphorus pentachloride
Stage #1: 4,4'-diphenic acid With thionyl chloride Reflux; Stage #2: methanol at 0℃;
With sulfuric acid Reflux;

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (530-62-1) → 1,1'-(4,4'-dibenzoyl)diimidazole

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 67 - 69℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere;	95%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (792-74-5)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 70℃; for 24h; Sealed tube;	95%

zirconium(IV) chloride (10026-11-6) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → [Zr6O4(OH)4(4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate)6]

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h; High pressure;	94%
With benzoic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;
With benzoic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h;

cadmium(II) nitrate tetrhydrate + N-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + N,N-dimethyl-formamide (68-12-2, 33513-42-7) → [Cd2(biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylate)2(N-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide)2]*2.5DMF*3.5H2O

Conditions	Yield
at 100℃; for 48h;	94%

aluminum(III) nitrate nonahydrate + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → Al(2,2’-bipyridine-5,5’-dicarboxylic acid-2H)(OH) (1207564-78-0)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h;	93.2%
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 119.84℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Autoclave;
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h;
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 0.5h; Autoclave; Microwave irradiation;

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + 3-(4-tert-butyl-2,6-diiodo-phenoxy)-propan-1-ol → Bis[3-(4-tert-butyl-2,6-diiodophenoxy)propyl] 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Esterification;	93%

4,4'-sulfonylbis(phenoxybenzene) (1623-91-2) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → polymer, inherent viscosity 0.1% in sulfuric acid at 25 deg C 0.73 dl/g; monomer(s): 4,4'-diphenoxydiphenylsulfone; biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 25℃; for 26h;	92%

4,4'-bipyridine (553-26-4) + zinc(II) nitrate (10196-18-6) + 4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) → Zn3(4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylate)3(4,4'-dipyridyl)

Conditions	Yield
In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 150℃; for 72h;	92%

4,4'-diphenic acid (787-70-2) + cobalt(II) nitrate → [Co(4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate)(H2O)2]

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4,4'-diphenic acid With sodium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 1h; Stage #2: cobalt(II) nitrate In water at 25℃;	92%

Upstream product

• 109-72-8 n-butyllithium 
• 92-86-4 4-(4-bromophenyl)bromobenzene 
• 613-33-2 (4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) 
• 1591-30-6 (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-dicarbonitrile 
• 581-80-6 4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl 
• 586-76-5 4-Bromobenzoic acid 
• 720-73-0 4'-methyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid 
• 2050-68-2 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 
• 787-69-9 4,4'-diacetylbiphenyl 
• 20248-86-6 4-4'-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl 
• 30061-79-1 4,4'-bis(trichloromethyl)biphenyl 
• 77443-75-5 4,4'-Bis(1-chloro-1-methylol-2-ethenyl)biphenyl 
• 619-58-9 4-iodobenzoic acid 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 

Downstream Products

• 2351-37-3 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid dichloride 
• 1667-12-5 4,4'-bis(hydroxymethyl)biphenyl 
• 904958-85-6 C₃₂H₄₂N₄O₆ 
• 23613-32-3 5,5-dioxo-5H-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid 

Relevant articles and documents

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METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BIPHENYLDICARBOXYLIC ACID

A method for producing biphenyldicarboxylic acid according to example embodiments of the present invention is to react a biphenyl (biphenyl) with an acyl halide (acyl halide) - based compound to form an agent 1 intermediate. 1 Intermediate and 3 nd amine-based compound are reacted to form a 2 intermediate, and the step 2 intermediate is base-treated. 4,4 ' - Biphenyldicarboxylic acid can be efficiently produced.

Cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl- And alkylaluminum derivatives with (hetero)aryl and alkyl bromides

A simple cobalt complex, such as Co(phen)Cl2, turned out to be a highly efficient and cheap precatalyst for a host of cross-coupling reactions involving aromatic and aliphatic organoaluminum reagents with aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl bromides. New C(sp2)-C(sp2) and C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds were formed in good to excellent yields and with high chemoselectivity, under mild reaction conditions.