2050-68-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Industry:
4,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl is used as a component in the production of various chemicals, such as plastics, resins, and other synthetic materials. Its chemical stability and resistance to heat make it a suitable choice for these applications.
Used in Electrical Industry:
In the electrical industry, 4,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl is utilized as a dielectric fluid in transformers and capacitors due to its high dielectric strength and thermal stability.
Used in Lubricant Industry:
4,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl is employed as an additive in the lubricant industry to enhance the performance of lubricating oils. Its high thermal stability and low volatility contribute to improved lubrication properties and reduced wear in mechanical systems.
Used in Flame Retardants:
Due to its flame retardant properties, 4,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl is used in the production of flame retardants for various materials, including plastics, textiles, and construction materials, to improve their fire resistance.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 54, p. 4840, 1989 DOI: 10.1021/jo00281a027Tetrahedron, 39, p. 2381, 1983 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91964-7

Upstream product

• 637-87-6 1-Chloro-4-iodobenzene 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 106-46-7 para-dichlorobenzene 
• 5575-51-9 tris(4-chlorophenyl)bismuthane 
• 29540-84-9 4-chlorophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 
• 1802-38-6 4-chlorophenylmercury chloride 
• 26018-88-2 bis(4-chlorophenyl)iodonium bromide 
• 10312-71-7 1,6-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-diacetyl-1,5-hexazadiene 
• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 673-41-6 p-chlorobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate 
• 79991-27-8 1-p-chlorophenyl-3,4-diacetyl-1-tetrazene 
• 106-47-8 4-chloro-aniline 
• 2996-92-1 phenyl trimethylsiloxane 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 

Downstream Products

• 92-52-4 biphenyl 
• 2051-62-9 4'-biphenyl chloride 
• 92-88-6 4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl 
• 74-11-3 para-chlorobenzoic acid 
• 827-52-1 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexane 
• 58328-31-7 4,4'-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl 
• 342638-54-4 3,3'-Bis(9H-carbozol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl 
• 1325751-60-7 9,9'-(biphenyl-3,4'-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) 
• 1235371-05-7 4,4'-bis(pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl 
• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 1433-00-7 4,4'-bis-benzenesulfonyl-biphenyl 
• 92-92-2 biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid 
• 53304-21-5 4,4’-bis(2-phenylethynyl)-1,1’-biphenyl 
• 787-70-2 4,4'-diphenic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

The effect of crown-ether on the palladium-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling mediated by zinc in air and water

In the presence of a catalytic amount of 18-crown-6, palladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl halides mediated by zinc was found effective in water alone, at ambient temperature, and under an atmosphere of air to give improved isolated yield of the Ullmann-type reaction products. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Homocoupling of substituted benzenes to symmetrical biaryls with mercury(II) in the presence of cerium(IV)

Homocoupling of substituted benzenes to symmetrical biaryls is achieved with different cerium(IV) compounds such as cerium(IV) triethylammonium nitrate (CTEAN), cerium(IV) pyridinium nitrate (CPN) and Ce(OTf)4 in the presence of Hg(II) in good to high yields.

ZnBr2-catalyzed efficient oxidative homo coupling of aryl magnesium bromides

Oxidative homo coupling of various arylmagnesium bromides in the presence of ZnBr2 gave the corresponding symmetrical biaryls in moderate to good yields at room temperature. An efficient method under mild conditions without the use of reoxidant is described. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Ethanol-promoted reductive homocoupling reactions of aryl halides catalyzed by palladium on carbon (Pd/C)

Homocoupling reactions of aryl bromides or iodides proceeded smoothlywith palladium on carbon (Pd/C) catalyst, ethanol and base in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to afford exclusively symmetric biaryls in good to excellent yields. Ethanol was first used as a reducing agent in situ to reduce the Pd 2+/C species into Pd0/C active species to complete the catalytic redox cycle. It was found that ethanol can promote the Pd/C-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aryl iodides and bromides efficiently in the presence of base. A reaction mechanism has been put forward and discussed. Copyright

Uncatalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorobiphenyls

Mono-, di-, and trichlorobiphenyls showed different reactivities toward alkali in 2-aminoethanol under reflux: 3-chlorobiphenyl remained unchanged, 2,4,5- and 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyls were completely converted to hydroxy derivatives, whereas 3,4-dichlorobiphenyl and a mixture of 2,4′-, 3,4′-, and 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyls gave rise to chlorobiphenyls in addition to hydroxybiphenyls.

Magnetically separable nanoferrite-anchored glutathione: Aqueous homocoupling of arylboronic acids under microwave irradiation

A highly active, stable and magnetically separable glutathione-based organocatalyst provided very good to excellent yields to symmetric biaryls in the homocoupling of arylboronic acids under microwave irradiation.

Electrochemical Reduction of Trichlorobiphenyls: Mechanism and Regioselectivity

The regioselectivity of electrochemical reduction of four trichlorobiphenyls (PCB 28–30 and PCB 37) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. The number of stages and mechanism of electrochemical reduction of each of the examined substrate

Convenient palladium-catalyzed homocoupling of iodoarenes in an ionic liquid

Symmetrical functionalized biaryls are obtained in good yields via TDAE/Pd-promoted homocoupling reaction of iodoarenes using the ionic liquid, [bmim]PF6, as the solvent. The catalyst could be recycled and reused four times in this reaction.

Quinonediimine-induced oxidative coupling of organomagnesium reagents

N,N′-Diphenyl-p-benzoquinonediimine, a redox-active unit of polyaniline, efficiently induced the oxidative homocoupling of various aryl- and vinylmagnesium reagents in suppressing the side reactions, such as 1,2- or 1,4-addition reaction. Copyright

AgF-mediated homocoupling reaction of trialkoxy aryl silanes

In this article, we present the direct homocoupling reaction of trialkoxy aryl silanes mediated by AgF in moderate to excellent yields in very mild conditions. It is an important complement for the synthesis of symmetrical biaryls by using homocoupling of