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Cadmium

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Name

Cadmium

EINECS 231-152-8
CAS No. 7440-43-9 Density 8.642
PSA 0.00000 LogP -0.00250
Solubility insoluble

Stability

    Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates,nitric acid, selenium, zinc. Flammable. Powdered metal may be pyrophoric.

Toxicology

    Many cadmium compounds are believed to be carcin
Melting Point 320.9ºC
Formula Cd Boiling Point 765ºC
Molecular Weight 112.41 Flash Point N/A
Transport Information N/A Appearance silvery white metal
Safety 53-45-61-60-43-7/8-26 Risk Codes R20/21/22;R50/53;
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 7440-43-9 (Cadmium) Hazard Symbols ToxicTVeryT+DangerousNFlammableFIrritantXi
Synonyms

C.I. 77180;

Article Data 551

Cadmium Synthetic route

1333-74-0

hydrogen

cadmium(II) oxide

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
3h at 290-300°C, flowing hydrogen, react. start even at 282°C;100%
below temp. of sintering;

cadmium sulfate

7429-90-5

aluminium

A

aluminum(III) sulfate

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd;A n/a
B 100%
In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd;A n/a
B 100%
In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate;
In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate;

vanadocene

35098-95-4

bis-{tris-(pentafluoro phenyl) germanium} cadmium

A

(C5H5)2VGe(C6F5)3

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene to Cd compd. soln. added complex soln., reacted for 20 h at 20°C; Cd centrifugated, org. layer decanted, concd. (vac.), pptd. (hexane, for 24 h at -78°C);A 79%
B 100%

1,2-dimethoxyethanebis(pentadeuterocyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(II)

10108-64-2

cadmium(II) chloride

A

chlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(III)-tetrahydrofuran(2:1)

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; stirring Yb-complex with 0.5 equiv. of halide (room temp., 16 h); filtration, washing (THF), evapn. (vac.), drying (vac.);A 80%
B 100%
Mn(92.5),Fe(b) (X%)

Mn(92.5),Fe(b) (X%)

cadmium(II) sulphide

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2;97%
with 25% excess of ferromanganese, 900°C;95%
Mn(98.43),Fe(0.97) (X%)

Mn(98.43),Fe(0.97) (X%)

cadmium(II) sulphide

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
finely powdered Mn. equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2;97%
103349-41-3

sodium tri-tert-butylsilanide

cadmium(II) iodide

A

60349-27-1

disupersilylcadmium

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaI, tBu3SiH; N2 atm.; molar ratio CdI2:RNa 1:2, 20°C; evapn., extraction (pentane), filtn., crystn. (48 h, -23°C); elem. anal.;A 91%
B n/a

vanadocene

5905-48-6

dipropylcadmium

A

(C5H5)2V(C3H7)

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene byproducts: C3H8, C3H6; addn. of vanadocene in toluene to Cd-compd. at -78°C, brought to room temp.; crystn.; elem. anal.;A 90%
B n/a

vanadocene

506-82-1

dimethylcadmium

A

62363-03-5

dimethylvanadocene

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) V-compd. added to Cd-compd. at room temp., immediate reaction; extd. (pentane);A 90%
B n/a

1-lithio-2,6-bis[(diethylamino)methyl]benzene

10108-64-2

cadmium(II) chloride

A

204863-82-1

bis[2,6-bis(diethylaminomethyl)phenyl]cadmium

B

7440-43-9

cadmium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl; Ar atmosphere, in the dark, addn. of portions of soln. of lithium compound to metal chloride, warming, stirring (room temp., 16 h); removement of solvent (vacuum), suspension (n-pentane), filtration, reductn. of volume, crystn. (-20°C); elem. anal.;A 62%
B n/a

Cadmium Consensus Reports

NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Group 1 IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 2 , 1973,p. 74.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 11 , 1976,p. 39.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 139.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . Cadmium and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Cadmium Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 5 μg(Cd)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (metal), Suspected Human Carcinogen; TWA 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (respirable dust), Suspected Human Carcinogen); BEI: 5 μg/g creatinine in urine; 5 μg/L in blood
DFG MAK: DFG BAT: Blood 1.5 μg/dL; Urine 15 μg/dL. MAK: Animal Carcinogen, Suspected Human Carcinogen
NIOSH REL: (Cadmium) Reduce to lowest feasible level

Cadmium Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125 G or NIOSH: Cadmium, 7048; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.

Cadmium Specification

The Cadmium, with the cas registry number 7440-43-9, is a kind of silvery white metal. It is soluble in hot sulfuric acid, diluted nitric acid and insoluble in water. Being stable chemically. it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium, zinc. And its product categories are including Metals; Inorganics; Analytical Reagents; Replacement Kit Items; Water Test; Metal and Ceramic Science; Cadmium; Reagent Plus; CadmiumEssential Chemicals; CadmiumMetal and Ceramic Science; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Routine Reagents.

The characteristics of this chemical are as follows: (1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 113.903358; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 113.903358; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.

The production method of this chemical is below: Prepare the metal cadmium as the raw material and then go thought the  process of decompression, distillation and rectification to get this chemical.

As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used in producing cadmium salt, cadmium mercuryvapourlamp, smoke bomb, pigment, alloy, welding flux and metallurgy deoxidizing agent; It could also be used as the semiconductor high-purity material.

When you are using this chemical, you should be very cautious. For one thing, it is irritant which may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes, and is irritating to eyes and skin. For another thing, for being a kind of toxic chemical which may at very low levels cause damage to health, it will be very dangrous if by inhalation and if swallowed. Besides, it may cause cancer and then has possible risk of irreversible effects. It has the danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. In addition, it will be dangerous for the environment which may present an immediate or delayed danger to one or more components of the environment. Being very toxic to aquatic organisms, it may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Beside all these. it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source. And it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water.

Due to so many dangers, you could take different measures to deal with different cases. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. If in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice; If in case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
S7:Keep container tightly closed; If in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) And when store it, keep it in a dry and cool place and this material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Then remember to avoid releasing to the environment, and you could also refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.

Additionally, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Cd]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Cd
(3)InChIKey: BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 

Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
human LCLo inhalation 39mg/m3/20M (39mg/m3) CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES

VASCULAR: THROMBOSIS DISTANT FROM INJECTION SITE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 31, Pg. 180, 1970.
 
man LDLo unreported 15mg/kg (15mg/kg)   "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
man TCLo inhalation 88ug/m3/8.6Y (0.088mg/m3) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: PROTEINURIS Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 28, Pg. 147, 1974.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 5700ug/kg (5.7mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 37, Pg. 403, 1976.
 
mouse LD50 oral 890mg/kg (890mg/kg)   "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Current Problems of Labor Hygiene," Tarasenko, N.Y., ed. Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii Meditsinskii Inst., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 14, 1978.
mouse LD50 unreported 890mg/kg (890mg/kg)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire. Vol. 35, Pg. 693, 1928.
rabbit LDLo oral 70mg/kg (70mg/kg)   Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. Vol. 34, Pg. 127, 1973.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 6mg/kg (6mg/kg)   "Problemes de Toxicologie Alimentaire," Truhaut, R., Paris, France, L'evolution Pharmaceutique, 1955Vol. -, Pg. -, 1955.
rat LC50 inhalation 25mg/m3/30M (25mg/m3) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 212, 1974.
rat LD50 oral 2330mg/kg (2330mg/kg)   "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 67, 1978.
rat LD50 unreported 1140mg/kg (1140mg/kg)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978.

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