Gattermann-Koch Reaction

L. Gattermann, J. A. Koch, Ber. 30, 1622 (1897); L. Gattermann, Ann. 347, 347 (1906).

Formylation of benzene, alkylbenzenes or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride at high pressure. Addition of cuprous chloride allows the reaction to proceed at atmospheric pressure:



N. N. Crounse, Org. React. 5, 290 (1949); G. A. Olah, S. J. Kuhn in Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions vol. 3, Part 2, G. Olah, Ed. (Interscience, New York, 1964) pp 1153-1156. Use of CuCl(PPh₃)_n: L. Toniolo, M. Graziani, J. Organometal. Chem. 194, 221 (1980).