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G.I. Zharkova et al. / Polyhedron 29 (2010) 1049–1054
gold atom is coordinated to the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of
2. Results and discussion
the b-iminoketonate ligand and two carbons of the methyl groups
to form a slightly distorted square. The Au–O distance is 0.045 Å
longer than the Au–N distance, the average Au–CH3 bond length
is 2.038 Å, and the chelate bond O–Au–N angle is 90.5°. In the li-
gand, the O–C and N–C bonds are equal to within 0.01 Å, the differ-
2.1. Synthesis and characterization of (CH3)2Au(C6H5–CO–CH–CO–
CH3) (1), (CH3)2Au(C6H5–CO–CH–CO–CF3) (2) and (CH3)2Au(C6H5–
CO–CH–C(NH)–CH3) (3)
ence in the C–C and C–Cve bonds on the side of different
substituents is 0.05 and 0.02 Å, respectively. The significant differ-
Dimethylgold(III) iodide, [(CH3)2AuI]2, was used as the starting
compound for the synthesis of the volatile gold(III) b-diketonates
and b-iminoketonate. This complex was previously prepared from
AuCl3Py and CH3MgI with 21% [20] and 35% [21] yields. We have
developed a new method for the synthesis from KAuCl4 with a
55% yield. The structure of the complex [(CH3)2AuI]2 was first stud-
ied by us [22].
To synthesize dimethylgold chelates, we have used the ligands
1-phenyl-1,3-butane dione, C6H5COCH2COCH3 (Hbac); 1,1,1-tri-
fluoro-4-phenyl-2,4-butanedione, C6H5COCH2COCF3 (Hbtfa); and
1-phenyl-3-amino-2-butene-1-one, C6H5COCHC(NH2)-CH3 (Hi-
bac).
c
ence in the C–C bond lengths, 0.049 Å (that is >3r), may be likely
c
explained by a certain loss of delocalization on the side of the
methyl substituent. The average C–C bond value is 1.39 Å in the
phenyl substituent. The bending of the chelate ring along the
OÁ Á ÁN line is negligible (1°). The phenyl ring plane is turned by
30.1° to the coordination square plane. In the structure, the mole-
cules of the complexes are packed into infinite zig-zag stacks along
the x-axis. A general view of the structure is shown in Fig. 2b. The
gold atom coordination is supplemented to
a bipyramidal
(4 + 1 + 1) coordination with weak contacts to the C atom and to
c
the phenyl ring hydrogen atom of the neighboring complexes,
Complexes (CH3)2Au(bac) (1) and (CH3)2Au(i-bac) (3) were pre-
pared by the reaction between [(CH3)2AuI]2 and the ligand potas-
sium salts. Chloroform and ethanol in a 5:1 ratio were used as
solvents. The fluorinated complex (CH3)2Au(btfa) (2) was prepared
by the reaction of the dimethylgold iodide and the ligand in hep-
tane in the presence of the silver oxide (Ag2O). The compounds
prepared are white low-fusible crystalline substances. These may
be stored for long periods of time at temperatures below zero
and are readily soluble in organic solvents.
the AuÁ Á ÁC and AuÁ Á ÁH distances being 3.52 and 3.35 Å, respec-
c
tively. In the stack, the AuÁ Á ÁAu separations are 5.091 and
6.118 Å, and the Au–Au–Au angle is 77.6° (Fig. 3b). The distances
between the centers of the stacks are >10.5 Å and the shortest
intermolecular HÁ Á ÁH separation is 2.32 Å.
A comparison of the geometric characteristics of the studied
dimethylgold(III) complexes based on a phenyl-containing b-dike-
tone and b-iminoketone (2 and 3) with those obtained by us before
for analogous complexes with various alkyl and trifluoroalkyl sub-
stituents in the ligand [16–18] showed that these values are close
and the bond lengths are within the same ranges: Au–C (2.008–
2.050 Å), Au–O (2.070–2.112 Å) and Au–N (2.051–2.091 Å).
In the IR spectra of the complexes over the 1530–1600 cmÀ1
range there are intense absorption bands of the C–O vibration, con-
firming the chelate type of bonding between the gold atom and the
ligand. In the spectrum of 3 there is a strong typical wide band at
about 3350 cmÀ1, due to valent (N–H) vibrations [23]. In the 1H
m
NMR spectra of complexes 1 and 3, the protons of the CH3 groups
immediately bonded to the gold atoms appear as two signals with
a 1:1 intensity relation, independent of the type of the donor atoms
of the chelation mode. These data and elemental analysis results
confirm the successful preparation of complexes 1–3.
2.3. Thermal study (DTA) of (CH3)2Au(C6H5–CO–CH–CO–CH3) (1),
(CH3)2Au(C6H5–CO–CH–CO–CF3) (2) and (CH3)2Au(C6H5–CO–CH–
C(NH)–CH3) (3)
The thermal study results are listed in Table 1. Upon heating un-
der both helium and hydrogen atmospheres, the complexes behave
alike. The DTA curves show the melting and decomposition effects
in the complexes. Under inert conditions, complex 1 begins to
decompose at 150 °C, while the fluorinated complex 2 decomposes
at a significantly lower temperature. Replacing one oxygen atom
by an NH group in the ligand causes the thermal stability of com-
plex 3 to increase significantly. Upon heating the complexes in a
hydrogen flow, their decomposition point is negligibly lower and
the thermal stability changes with the ligand structure in a similar
manner as under an inert atmosphere. This confirms the fact of the
considerable inertness of dimethylgold b-diketonates to hydrogen
as compared to b-diketonates of platinum group metals, whose
thermal stability sharply decreases under a reducing medium
[16]. Among the established regularities of changing the thermal
stability of dimethylgold(III) chelates depending on the b-diketo-
nate ligand structures, one can note good thermal characteristics
of the b-iminoketonate complex 3. This may be desirable for CVD
processes to obtain gold film covers.
2.2. Structural characterization of 2 and 3
An X-ray structural study revealed that the structure of com-
pound 2 belongs to the molecular type and is built of neutral
(CH3)2Au(btfa) complexes. The structure and the atomic number-
ing scheme are shown in Fig. 1a. The gold atom is coordinated to
two oxygen atoms of the b-diketonate ligand and two carbon
atoms of the methyl groups; the coordination environment is a
slightly distorted AuC2O2 square. The Au–O distances are 2.112 Å,
the average Au–CH3 bond value is 2.014 Å and the chelate O–Au–
O bond angle is 89.4°. In the ligand, the O–C bonds are equal, the
difference in C–C and C–Cve bonds on the side of different substit-
c
uents is 0.02 Å and the average C–C and C–F bond values in the
substituents are 1.39 and 1.33 Å, respectively. The small bending
of the metal cycle along the OÁ Á ÁO line is 3°. The phenyl ligand ring
is turned by 9.4° to the coordination square plane and the torsion
C(5)C(4)C(3)F(3) angle is 26.5°. A general view of the crystal struc-
ture is shown in Fig. 2a. The gold atom coordination is supple-
mented to a pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination with the H atom of
3. Concluding remarks
c
the neighboring complex with a AuÁ Á ÁH separation of 3.42 Å to
form dimeric associates with a AuÁ Á ÁAu separation of 5.859 Å
(Fig. 3a), the remaining AuÁ Á ÁAu separations being >7.15 Å. In the
crystal the shortest intermolecular FÁ Á ÁF and FÁ Á ÁH separations
are 2.99 and 2.80 Å, respectively.
The structure of compound 3 is of the molecular type and com-
prises of neutral (CH3)2Au(i-bac) complexes. The structure is
shown along with the atomic numbering scheme in Fig. 1b. The
We have synthesized and studied volatile dimethylgold(III)
complexes based on phenyl-containing b-diketones and b-iminok-
etone. An improved method for the synthesis of the original
[(CH3)2AuI]2 complex was suggested. A single-crystal X-ray diffrac-
tion study showed that the insertion of Ph and CF3 substituents
into the ligand virtually has no influence on the coordination envi-
ronment of the Au atom in these complexes. The results obtained