Page 7 of 10
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
DOI: 10.1039/C7CP04814A
CREATED USING THE RSC ARTICLE TEMPLATE - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR FURTHER DETAILS
We believe that the “fluorophobic” and “fluorophilic”
interactions caused the strong microphase segregation and
resulted in a lamellar mesophase structure. The perfluorinated
segments packed densely and caused the absence of polarity
peak in F6 to F10 because of the rearrangements of the
electrons accompanying with the formation of new lamellar
structures. The lamellar structure introduced non-Newtonian
behaviour that was entirely absent without fluorination. The
temperature dependence of shear thinning strongly suggests
that the lamellar structure disintegrates at increased
temperatures or shear rates. It provides a straightforward
strategy to tune the viscosity of fluorinated ionic liquids for
applications such as lubrication.75 Corrosion due to the
presence of fluoride that has recently been observed76,77 needs
to be addressed for such applications.
17
18
19
R. E. Morris, Chem. Commun., 2009, 2990.
I. Minami, Molecules, 2009, 14, 2286–2305.
S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, M. Watanabe
and Y. Deng, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2016, 77, 80–124.
T. L. Greaves, D. F. Kennedy, Y. Shen, A.
Weerawardena, A. Hawley, G. Song and C. J.
Drummond, J. Mol. Liq., 2015, 210, 279–285.
C. Yue, D. Fang, L. Liu and T.-F. Yi, J. Mol. Liq., 2011,
163, 99–121.
20
21
22
T. L. Greaves, D. F. Kennedy, Y. Shen, A. Hawley, G.
Song and C. J. Drummond, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
2013, 15, 7592–7598.
23
24
J. J. Tindale, K. L. Mouland and P. J. Ragogna, J. Mol.
Liq., 2010, 152, 14–18.
O. Kysilka, M. Rybáčková, M. Skalický, M. Kvíčalová, J.
Cvačka and J. Kvíčala, J. Fluor. Chem., 2009, 130, 629–
639.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
25
26
J. A. Gladysz, D. P. Curran and I. T. Horváth, Eds.,
Handbook of Fluorous Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag
GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2004.
A. B. Pereiro, J. M. M. Araújo, S. Martinho, F. Alves, S.
Nunes, A. Matias, C. M. M. Duarte, L. P. N. Rebelo and
I. M. Marrucho, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2013, 1, 427–
439.
Acknowledgements
D. Rauber and R. Hempelmann thank the Deutsche
Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) (31925-41) for financial support.
Prof. Eduard Arzt is acknowledged for his continuing support of
this project.
References
27
M. L. Ferreira, M. J. Pastoriza-Gallego, J. M. M. Araújo,
J. N. Canongia Lopes, L. P. N. Rebelo, M. M. Piñeiro, K.
Shimizu and A. B. Pereiro, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121,
5415–5427.
1
2
T. Welton, Chem. Rev., 1999, 99, 2071–2084.
Z.-P. Zheng, W.-H. Fan, S. Roy, K. Mazur, A. Nazet, R.
Buchner, M. Bonn and J. Hunger, Angew. Chemie Int.
Ed., 2014, 54, 687–690.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
T. L. Merrigan, E. D. Bates, S. C. Dorman and J. H. Davis
Jr., Chem. Commun., 2000, 2051–2052.
3
4
5
6
R. Hayes, G. G. Warr and R. Atkin, Chem. Rev., 2015,
115, 6357–6426.
J. Qu, J. J. Truhan, S. Dai, H. Luo and P. J. Blau, Tribol.
Lett., 2006, 22, 207–214.
R. Caminiti and L. Gontrani, Eds., The Structure of Ionic
Liquids, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.
T. L. Greaves and C. J. Drummond, Chem. Soc. Rev.,
2013, 42, 1096–1120.
I. Minami, M. Kita, T. Kubo, H. Nanao and S. Mori,
Tribol. Lett., 2008, 30, 215–223.
F. Atefi, M. T. Garcia, R. D. Singer and P. J. Scammells,
Green Chem., 2009, 11, 1595–1604.
B. Kirchner, F. Malberg, D. S. Firaha and O. Hollóczki, J.
Phys. Condens. Matter, 2015, 27, 463002.
R. Ludwig, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 15419–15422.
A. Strate, T. Niemann, D. Michalik and R. Ludwig,
Angew. Chemie Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 496–500.
P. A. Hunt, C. R. Ashworth and R. P. Matthews, Chem.
Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 1257–1288.
K. Tsunashima and M. Sugiya, Electrochem. commun.,
2007, 9, 2353–2358.
7
8
K. Tsunashima and M. Sugiya, Electrochemistry, 2007,
75, 734–736.
K. Tsunashima, S. Kodama, M. Sugiya and Y. Kunugi,
Electrochim. Acta, 2010, 56, 762–766.
9
O. Russina, F. Lo Celso, M. Di Michiel, S. Passerini, G. B.
Appetecchi, F. Castiglione, A. Mele, R. Caminiti and A.
Triolo, Faraday Discuss., 2013, 167, 499–513.
Y. Shen, D. F. Kennedy, T. L. Greaves, A.
Weerawardena, R. J. Mulder, N. Kirby, G. Song and C. J.
Drummond, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 7981.
R. P. Matthews, T. Welton and P. A. Hunt, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 3238–3253.
10
K. Shimizu, M. F. Costa Gomes, A. A. H. Pádua, L. P. N.
Rebelo and J. N. Canongia Lopes, J. Mol. Struct.
THEOCHEM, 2010, 946, 70–76.
36
11
M. A. A. Rocha, C. M. S. S. Neves, M. G. Freire, O.
Russina, A. Triolo, J. A. P. Coutinho and L. M. N. B. F.
Santos, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2013, 117, 10889–10897.
K. Binnemans, Chem. Rev., 2005, 105, 4148–4204.
J. P. Hallett and T. Welton, Chem. Rev., 2011, 111,
3508–3576.
37
38
12
13
A. Luís, K. Shimizu, J. M. M. Araújo, P. J. Carvalho, J. A.
Lopes-da-Silva, J. N. Canongia Lopes, L. P. N. Rebelo, J.
A. P. Coutinho, M. G. Freire and A. B. Pereiro,
Langmuir, 2016, 32, 6130–6139.
14
M. Kofu, M. Nagao, T. Ueki, Y. Kitazawa, Y. Nakamura,
S. Sawamura, M. Watanabe and O. Yamamuro, J. Phys.
Chem. B, 2013, 117, 2773–2781.
39
40
C. Patrascu, F. Gauffre, F. Nallet, R. Bordes, J.
Oberdisse, N. de Lauth-Viguerie and C. Mingotaud,
ChemPhysChem, 2006, 7, 99–101.
15
16
K. Ueno, H. Tokuda and M. Watanabe, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 1649–1658.
P. Hapiot and C. Lagrost, Chem. Rev., 2008, 108, 2238–
2264.
R. Hayes, S. Imberti, G. G. Warr and R. Atkin, Angew.
Chemie Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 4623–4627.
7