Copper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites for the selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol

Article abstract of DOI:10.1039/c9gc01706b

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are value-added chemicals that can be produced from levulinic acid/ester via hydrogenation coupled with acid/base-catalyzed reactions. In this study, we demonstrate that the Cu-based catalysts produced via the hydrotalcite precursors with tunable distribution of acidic and basic sites could, according to the requirement of the target products, effectively tune the production of GVL or to 1,4-PDO from levulinic acid/ester. The abundant Br?nsted acid sites over the CuAl catalyst suppressed the opening of the ring of GVL, achieving a higher GVL selectivity while inhibiting 1,4-PDO formation. The introduction of Mg species to the catalyst significantly increased the abundance of the basic sites on the surface of the catalyst, which was essential for the selective conversion of GVL to 1,4-PDO via the opening of the ring structure of GVL, the rate-determining step in the conversion from levulinic acid/ester to 1,4-PDO. In addition, the CuMgAl catalyst showed a much superior catalytic stability to the CuMg or CuAl catalyst due to the more stable crystal structure, the more developed porous structure, the higher dispersion of the Cu species and the higher capability to suppress the growth of metallic Cu species under hydrothermal conditions.

Full text of DOI:10.1039/c9gc01706b

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Green
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Cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future
Accepted Manuscript
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Li, Q. Liu, S. Zhang, Q. Liu, G. Hu and X. Hu, Green Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B.
Volume 20
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May 2018
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ISSN 1463-9262
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Paul T. Anastas et al.
The Green ChemisTREE: 20 years after taking root with the 12
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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E#3#$#2*#(
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SH GH GH @T(>#* <H 0##* &H \+H 0##* CH oH !))%* CH h(#* dH oH 6$(%.* @H \6H 0##* CH
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NcH 1H J()* CH 6H h"* 1H -H 1')%.* JH !H &"%* -H &H 1'(%.* CH dH o(%.* &H 6H J'#%*
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Green Chemistry
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
E H CH 1'(%.* CH 1H J'#%* !H !H 4")* 0H <H J'#%* AJ& &"B=(,%H J'#PH ?%.H* DF E* N*
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Green Chemistry
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B

Green Chemistry
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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Page 27 of 37
Green Chemistry
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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Green Chemistry
Page 28 of 37
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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Page 29 of 37
Green Chemistry
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DOI: 10.1039/C9GC01706B
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