Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Fe/Co-based Bifunctional Electrode for H2 Production through Water and Urea Electrolysis

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/cssc.201902232

Hollow-structured Fe_xCo_2?xP, Fe_xCo_3?xO₄, and Prussian blue analogue (FeCo-PBA) microbuilding arrays on Ni foam (NF) are derived from Co-based metal–organic frameworks (Co-MOF) using a simple room temperature and post-heat-treatment route. Among them, Fe_xCo_2?xP/NF shows excellent bifunctional catalytic activities by demonstrating very low oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotentials of 255/114 mV at a current density of 20/10 mA cm^?2 respectively, whereas Fe_xCo_3?xO₄/NF and FeCo-PBA/NF demand higher overpotentials. Remarkably, for water electrolysis, Fe_xCo_2?xP/NF requires only 1.61 V to obtain 10 mA cm^?2. In contrast to water electrolysis, urea electrolysis reduces overpotential and simultaneously purifies the urea-rich wastewater. The urea oxidation reaction at the Fe_xCo_2?xP/NF anode needs just 1.345 V to achieve 20 mA cm^?2, which is 140 mV less than the 1.48 V potential required for OER. Moreover, the generation of H₂ through urea electrolysis needs only 1.42 V to drive 10 mA cm^?2.

Full text of DOI:10.1002/cssc.201902232

Future Healthcare Journal 2019 Vol 6, No 1: s179
EDUCATION, TRAINING AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM
L i s t e n i n g t o j u n i o r d o c t o r s : e x p l o r i n g m o r a l e i n a l a r g e N H S
trust
Authors: R a u n a k S i n g h , J o a n n e K i r t le y , D i le s h L a k h a n i a n d S u e C a r r
A i m s
Table 2. Top five factors selected by junior doctors,
To explore the morale of junior doctors at University Hospitals of
Leicester (UHL) NHS Trust, and improve our understanding of the
major contributory factors.
as impacting positively on morale
Factor
Percentage
66.4
1
2
3
4
Feeling part of a team
Being recognised for good practice
Being able to take regular breaks
56.7
M e t h o d s
37.3
In November 2017, an online survey was sent to 943 junior
doctors working at UHL. We designed this survey to capture a
comprehensive picture of junior doctor morale in several domains.
Respondents used an ordinal scale of zero (low) to 10 (high) to rate:
their overall morale, how valued and supported they felt at work,
and how much autonomy they were given. Free-text qualitative
comments were sought and responses were thematically analysed
to identify common themes. Doctors selected the top five factors
that positively affected their morale, from a list of 20 compiled
using published literature and local knowledge.
Ease of opportunity to take leave for personal 33.6
life and events
5
Having access to a computer or workstation
31.8
were ‘feeling part of a team’ (66.4%) and ‘being recognised for
good practice’ (56.7%) (Table 2).
Conclusion
Our survey has provided insight into junior doctor morale at our
trust. Doctors reported that they felt reasonably autonomous
and supported but less that their role is valued. Qualitative
data demonstrated a number of diverse themes and factors
that influence morale. This has initiated a dialogue between
junior doctors, senior clinicians and managers, leading to the
development of a ‘Listening into action’ working group, which will
utilise the results to improve the working lives of junior doctors at
UHL. ■
R e s u l t s
A total of 402 (42.6%) junior doctors responded, from a wide
selection of departments, specialties, training and non-training
grades. The median and range for each of the ordinal ratings is
shown in Table 1. Five-hundred and eleven free-text comments
were qualitatively analysed by two independent reviewers and
eight key themes identified: team working and relationships,
feedback, training and education, resources, wellbeing and pastoral
support, staffing and workload, senior clinician support and
autonomy. The commonest factors that positively affected morale
Conflict of interest statement
N o n e d e c la r e d .
Table 1. Ordinal ratings by junior doctors of their
overall morale, and how valued, supported and
autonomous they felt
Overall
morale
Valued
Supported
Autonomous
Median
Range
6
6
7
7
0–10
0–10
1–10
0–10
Authors: Department of Clinical Education, University Hospitals of
L e ic e s t e r N H S T r u s t , L e ic e s t e r , U K
© Royal College of Physicians 2019. All rights reserved.
s179