534-17-8 Usage
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 534-17-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Cesium carbonate can be used as a modified layer between the active layer of the solar cell and the Al electrode to improve the conversion efficiency of the device, generate Al-O-Cs compounds, reduce the series resistance of the battery, and improve the short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, and Due to the compactness of the cesium carbonate layer itself, the stability of the device has also been significantly improved. The strong metallic n-type heavy doping effect of cesium in cesium carbonate, the Al/CsCO cathode modified with cesium carbonate nano-interface can greatly increase the injection of electrons, and significantly improve the performance of the inverted top-emitting structure OLED device. Cesium carbonate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers.
2. Cesium carbonate is a versatile reagent for organic synthesis. This inorganic base has been employed in numerous organic applications ranging from N-protection of amino acids to a base in either the Horner- Wadsworth-Emmons reaction or in Suzuki couplings. It has also found use as a catalyst for ethylene oxide polymerization, in coating for spatter-free welding of steel in CO2, as a functional interlayer in photovoltaic devices and in oxide cathodes. Cesium carbonate is also used in the beer-brewing industry to make the "head" of beer foamier.
Preparation
Different sources of media describe the Preparation of 534-17-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. The method of preparing cesium carbonate using cesium alum as a raw material :1. To recrystallize cesium alum, add cesium alum in deionized water and heat to dissolve, after dissolving, cool to crystallize and filter, and obtain refined cesium alum after filtering;2. Transformation, add refined cesium alum in deionized water and heat to dissolve, obtain refined cesium alum solution after dissolving, slowly drip lime milk into refined cesium alum solution, and obtain cesium sulfate net solution after solid-liquid separation;3. Causticizing, the barium hydroxide solution is added to the cesium sulfate clean liquid in 2 to 3 times, and the barium sulfate solid and the causticizing liquid are obtained by centrifugal separation;4. Carbonization, concentration and evaporation, pass CO into the causticizing solution for carbonization, carbonize until the pH of the carbonization solution is 7 to 10, stand still, concentrate the carbonization supernatant after standing, and obtain a concentrated solution after cooling;5. Once fine filtration and drying, the concentrated liquid is filtered with a polymer filter device, the filtered filtrate is concentrated and crystallized and dried at low temperature to obtain a low-temperature material;6. High temperature decomposition, after high temperature decomposition of low temperature material, high temperature material is obtained;7. Secondary fine filtration, the high temperature material is dissolved in deionized water, and then filtered with a polymer filter device, and the filtered liquid is obtained after filtration;8. The clean liquid is concentrated and dried, and the filtered clean liquid is concentrated and dried to obtain cesium carbonate.
2. cesium carbonate can be prepared by thermal decomposition of caesium oxalate. Upon heating, caesium oxalate is converted to caesium carbonate with emission of carbon monoxide.Cs2C2O4 → Cs2CO3 + COIt can also be synthesized by reacting caesium hydroxide with carbon dioxide.2 CsOH + CO2 → Cs2CO3 + H2O
Chemical Properties
Colourless crystals or white powder , easily soluble in water, quickly absorbs moisture when placed in the air. The aqueous solution of cesium carbonate is strongly alkaline and can react with acid to produce the corresponding cesium salt and water, and release carbon dioxide.
Application
Cesium carbonate is widely utilized as a precursor for other cesium compounds. It acts as a base in sensitive organic reactions. It can be used as a base in C-C and C-N cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki?Miyaura, Heck, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions. It finds use in solar cells as it increases the power conversion efficiency of cells through the transfer of electrons. It is also used in the production of special optical glasses, petroleum catalytic additives, special ceramics and in the sulfuric acid industry. It is useful in the N-alkylation (of sulfonamides, beta-lactams, indoles, heterocycles and several sensitive nitrogen compounds), carbamination of amines, carbonylation of alcohols and aerobic oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl compounds without polymeric by products. Promotes the efficient O-alkylation of alcohols to form mixed alkyl carbonates.
Reactions
Many of the properties of cesium carbonate are due to the softness of the cesium cation. This softness makes cesium carbonate rather soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, DMF and Et2O. This has rendered cesium carbonate useful in palladium chemistry, which is often carried out in non-aqueous media where insolubility of inorganic bases can limit reactivity. Cs2CO3 has, for example, been used with good results in Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions. Cesium carbonate has also received much attention for its use in O-alkylations, particularly of phenols.It has been postulated that O-alkylations of phenols using Cs2CO3 in non-aqueous solvents occurs via the ‘naked’ phenolate anion, which behaves as a strong nucleophile. Therefore, this methodology can even be applied to secondary halides, minimizing the usual unwanted side reactions such as elimination and decomposition.
General Description
Cesium carbonate is a powerful inorganic base widely used in organic synthesis. It is a potential chemoselective catalyst for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. It is employed as base for the Heck coupling reaction of 4-trifluoromethyl-1-chlorobenzene and aryl chlorides.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Mutation data reported. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and fumes. See also CESIUM.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from ethanol (10mL/g) by partial evaporation. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 988 1963.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 534-17-8 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,3 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 534-17:
(5*5)+(4*3)+(3*4)+(2*1)+(1*7)=58
58 % 10 = 8
So 534-17-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH2O3.2Cs/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
534-17-8Relevant articles and documents
X-ray diffraction, 133Cs and 1H NMR and thermal studies of CdZrCs1.5(H3O)0.5(C 2O4)4·xH2O displaying Cs and water dynamic behavior
Jeanneau,Le Floch,Bureau,Audebrand,Lou?r
, p. 1213 - 1221 (2004)
A novel mixed cadmium zirconium cesium oxalate with an open architecture has been synthesized from precipitation methods at room pressure. It crystallizes with an hexagonal symmetry, space group P3112 (no. 151), a=9.105(5)?, c=23.656(5)?, V=1698(1)?3 and Z=3. The structure displays a [CdZr(C2O4)4] 2- helicoidal framework built from CdO8 and ZrO 8 square-based antiprisms connected through bichelating oxalates, which generates channels along different directions. Cesium cations, hydronium ions and water molecules are located inside the voids of the anionic framework. They exhibit a dynamic disorder which has been further investigated by 1H and 133Cs solid-state NMR. Moreover a phase transition depending both upon ambient temperature and water vapor pressure was evidenced for the title compound. The thermal decomposition has been studied in situ by temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. The final product is a mixture of cadmium oxide, zirconium oxide and cesium carbonate.
Phosphorescent OLED and hole transporting materials for phosphorescent OLEDs
-
Page/Page column, (2014/05/07)
The present invention relates to phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) comprising a hole-transporting or a hole-transporting and an electron-blocking layer comprising an N,N,N',N'-tetraaryl-phenylene-3,5-diamine or an N,N,N',N'-tetraaryl-1,1'-biphenyl-3,3'-diamine matrix compound and to new N,N,N',N'-tetraarylsubstituted m-arylene diamine compounds useful as hole-transporting and electron-blocking layer matrices in phosphorescent OLEDs.
Preparation and structural characterization of stable Cs2O closed-cage structures
Albu-Yaron, Ana,Arad, Talmon,Popovitz-Biro, Ronit,Bar-Sadan, Maya,Prior, Yehiam,Jansen, Martin,Tenne, Reshef
, p. 4169 - 4172 (2007/10/03)
(Figure Presented) Fullerene-like Cs2O nanoparticles were prepared by laser ablation of 3R-Cs2O powder in evacuated quartz ampoules. The Cs2O closed cages, such as the faceted nanoparticle shown in the picture, are remarka
Chiral porphyrins, chiral metalloporphyrins, and methods for synthesis of the same
-
, (2008/06/13)
Novel methods of synthesizing heteroatom-containing chiral porphyrins and chiral metalloporphyrins and the novel chiral porphyrins and chiral metalloporphyrins themselves are disclosed. Metal complexes of the chiral porphyrins are prepared in high yields and shown to be active catalysts for highly enantioselective and diastereoselective cyclopropanation, aziridination, and epoxidation of alkenes under a practical one-pot protocol.
Aminobenzophenones as inhibitors of il 1b and tnf
-
, (2008/06/13)
A compound of the general formula I wherein R1 represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, amino, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C2-C3)olefinic group, (C1-C3)alkoxy, (C1-C3)alkylthio, (C1-C6)alkylamino, (C1-C3)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, —CONH2, phenyl, and nitro; R2 represents one or more, same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, amino, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C2-C3)olefinic group, (C1-C3)alkoxy, (C1-C3)alkylthio, (C1-C6)alkylamino, (C1-C3)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, —CONH2, phenyl, and nitro; R3 represents one or more, same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, cyano, carboxy, carbamoyl, (C1-C10)alkyl, (C2-C10)olefinic group, (C3-C8)monocyclic hydrocarbon group, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C1-C10)alkylthio, (C1-C10)alkoxycarbonyl, and phenyl; R4 represents hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)olefinic group, or (C3-C6)monocyclic hydrocarbon group; R5 represents one or more, same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R1; X represents oxygen, sulphur, or N—OH; and salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, hydrates and solvates, may be used in the prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Novel aminophenyl ketone derivatives
-
, (2008/06/13)
Novel heteroaryl aminophenyl ketone derivatives which are inhibitors of MAP kinases, in particular the p38 MAP kinase, are useful as anti-inflammatory agents in the prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory diseases or conditions.
2,4-Substituted imidazolidine derivatives, their preparation, their use and pharmaceutical preparations comprising them
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to imidazolidine compounds of the formula I, The compounds of the formula I are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds, which are suitable, for example, for the therapy and prophylaxis of inflammatory disorders, for example of rheumatoid arthritis, or of allergic disorders. The compounds of the formula I are inhibitors of the adhesion and migration of leucocytes and/or antagonists of the adhesion receptor VLA-4 belonging to the integrins group. They are generally suitable for the therapy or prophylaxis of illnesses which are caused by an undesired extent of leucocyte adhesion and/or leucocyte migration or are associated therewith, or in which cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions which are based on interactions of VLA-4 receptors with their ligands play a part. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I, their use in the therapy and prophylaxis of the disease states mentioned and pharmaceutical preparations which contain compounds of the formula I.
X-ray, thermal and infrared spectroscopic studies on potassium, rubidium and caesium uranyl oxalate hydrates
Dahale,Chawla,Venugopal
, p. 107 - 117 (2008/10/08)
M2UO2(C2O4)2·nH2O compounds (M = K, Rb and Cs) have been prepared and characterized by chemical and thermal analyses as well as by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. X-ray powder
Teranry Oxides containing Anionic Gold
Feldmann, Claus,Jansen, Martin
, (2008/10/08)
The preparation and crystal structure of the novel ternary oxides M3AuO (M=Cs, Rb, K) containting anionic gold is reported. Cs3AuO (a=7.830(1) A, c=7.060(1) A) crystallizes as an hexagonal, Rb3AuO (a=5.501(1) A), K3AuO (a=5.240(1) A) as a cubic anti perovskite. Concerning to the ionic description (M(1+))3Au(1-)O(2-) in Cs3AuO gold exists as an anion. In Rb3AuO and K3AuO the anionic character of gold decreases respectively. The analysis of bond length and molar volumes gives support to this view, as well as investigations of conductivity and magnetic properties do.
