534-17-8

Basic information

• Product Name: Cesium carbonate
• Synonyms: CAESIUM CARBONATE;CESIUM CARBONATE;Carbonicacid,dicesiumsalt;cesiumcarbonate(cs2co3);cesiumcarbonateanhydrous;dicesiumcarbonate;Cesium carbonate (99% Cs);Cesiumcarbonatewhitepowder
• CAS NO: 534-17-8
• Molecular Formula: CO₃*2Cs
• Molecular Weight: 325.82
• EINECS: 208-591-9
• Product Categories: Cesium SaltsChemical Synthesis;Metal and Ceramic Science;Salts;Chemical Synthesis;Electrode MaterialsChemical Synthesis;Inorganic Bases;Substrates and Electrode Materials;Organic Electronics and Photonics;Synthetic Reagents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;C-D, Puriss p.a.;Puriss p.a.;metal carbonate
• Mol File: 534-17-8.mol
• Article Data: 37

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 610 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 333.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 169.8 °C
• Appearance: White/Powder/Granules
• Density: 4.072
• Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Water Solubility: 261 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
• Sensitive: Hygroscopic
• Stability: Stable. Very deliquescent. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
• Merck: 14,2010
• BRN: 4546405
• CAS DataBase Reference: Cesium carbonate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Cesium carbonate(534-17-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Cesium carbonate(534-17-8)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn,Xi
• Statements: 68-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 22-24/25-36/37/39-26-27
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: FK9400000
• F: 3-10
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 534-17-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Cesium carbonate is an inorganic compound. It is a white solid under normal temperature and pressure. It is easily soluble in water and quickly absorbs moisture when placed in the air. Cesium carbonate aqueous solution is strongly alkaline and can react with acid to produce corresponding cesium salt and water, and release carbon dioxide. Cesium carbonate is easy to transform, can be used as a precursor of other cesium salts, and is a widely used cesium salt.

Uses

Cesium carbonate can be used as a modified layer between the active layer of the solar cell and the Al electrode to improve the conversion efficiency of the device, generate Al-O-Cs compounds, reduce the series resistance of the battery, and improve the short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, and Due to the compactness of the cesium carbonate layer itself, the stability of the device has also been significantly improved. The strong metallic n-type heavy doping effect of cesium in cesium carbonate, the Al/CsCO cathode modified with cesium carbonate nano-interface can greatly increase the injection of electrons, and significantly improve the performance of the inverted top-emitting structure OLED device. Cesium carbonate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers.

Preparation

The method of preparing cesium carbonate using cesium alum as a raw material :1. To recrystallize cesium alum, add cesium alum in deionized water and heat to dissolve, after dissolving, cool to crystallize and filter, and obtain refined cesium alum after filtering;2. Transformation, add refined cesium alum in deionized water and heat to dissolve, obtain refined cesium alum solution after dissolving, slowly drip lime milk into refined cesium alum solution, and obtain cesium sulfate net solution after solid-liquid separation;3. Causticizing, the barium hydroxide solution is added to the cesium sulfate clean liquid in 2 to 3 times, and the barium sulfate solid and the causticizing liquid are obtained by centrifugal separation;4. Carbonization, concentration and evaporation, pass CO into the causticizing solution for carbonization, carbonize until the pH of the carbonization solution is 7 to 10, stand still, concentrate the carbonization supernatant after standing, and obtain a concentrated solution after cooling;5. Once fine filtration and drying, the concentrated liquid is filtered with a polymer filter device, the filtered filtrate is concentrated and crystallized and dried at low temperature to obtain a low-temperature material;6. High temperature decomposition, after high temperature decomposition of low temperature material, high temperature material is obtained;7. Secondary fine filtration, the high temperature material is dissolved in deionized water, and then filtered with a polymer filter device, and the filtered liquid is obtained after filtration;8. The clean liquid is concentrated and dried, and the filtered clean liquid is concentrated and dried to obtain cesium carbonate.

Chemical Properties

Colourless crystals or white powder , easily soluble in water, quickly absorbs moisture when placed in the air. The aqueous solution of cesium carbonate is strongly alkaline and can react with acid to produce the corresponding cesium salt and water, and release carbon dioxide.

Uses

Cesium carbonate is a versatile reagent for organic synthesis. This inorganic base has been employed in numerous organic applications ranging from N-protection of amino acids to a base in either the Horner- Wadsworth-Emmons reaction or in Suzuki couplings. It has also found use as a catalyst for ethylene oxide polymerization, in coating for spatter-free welding of steel in CO2, as a functional interlayer in photovoltaic devices and in oxide cathodes. Cesium carbonate is also used in the beer-brewing industry to make the "head" of beer foamier.

Application

Cesium carbonate is widely utilized as a precursor for other cesium compounds. It acts as a base in sensitive organic reactions. It can be used as a base in C-C and C-N cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki?Miyaura, Heck, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions. It finds use in solar cells as it increases the power conversion efficiency of cells through the transfer of electrons. It is also used in the production of special optical glasses, petroleum catalytic additives, special ceramics and in the sulfuric acid industry. It is useful in the N-alkylation (of sulfonamides, beta-lactams, indoles, heterocycles and several sensitive nitrogen compounds), carbamination of amines, carbonylation of alcohols and aerobic oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl compounds without polymeric by products. Promotes the efficient O-alkylation of alcohols to form mixed alkyl carbonates.

Preparation

cesium carbonate can be prepared by thermal decomposition of caesium oxalate. Upon heating, caesium oxalate is converted to caesium carbonate with emission of carbon monoxide.Cs2C2O4 → Cs2CO3 + COIt can also be synthesized by reacting caesium hydroxide with carbon dioxide.2 CsOH + CO2 → Cs2CO3 + H2O

Reactions

Many of the properties of cesium carbonate are due to the softness of the cesium cation. This softness makes cesium carbonate rather soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, DMF and Et2O. This has rendered cesium carbonate useful in palladium chemistry, which is often carried out in non-aqueous media where insolubility of inorganic bases can limit reactivity. Cs2CO3 has, for example, been used with good results in Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions. Cesium carbonate has also received much attention for its use in O-alkylations, particularly of phenols.It has been postulated that O-alkylations of phenols using Cs2CO3 in non-aqueous solvents occurs via the ‘naked’ phenolate anion, which behaves as a strong nucleophile. Therefore, this methodology can even be applied to secondary halides, minimizing the usual unwanted side reactions such as elimination and decomposition.

General Description

Cesium carbonate is a powerful inorganic base widely used in organic synthesis. It is a potential chemoselective catalyst for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. It is employed as base for the Heck coupling reaction of 4-trifluoromethyl-1-chlorobenzene and aryl chlorides.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also CESIUM.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from ethanol (10mL/g) by partial evaporation. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 988 1963.]

InChI:InChI=1/CH2O3.2Cs/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2

Synthetic route

nitridotechnetic(VI) acid + cesiumhydroxide monohydrate → 2Cs(1+)*(Tc2N2O2(OH)4)(2-)=Cs2(Tc2N2O2(OH)4) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water Nitridotechnetic(VI) acid was added to a soln. of CsOH*H2O in water, shaking and further water addn.;; filtration, ethanol addn. pptd. a yellow powder, centrifugn., ppt. twice resuspended in ethanol, recentrifugn. dried in vacuum; elem. anal.;	A 65% B n/a

ammonium carbonate + cesium sulfate + barium(II) hydroxide → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In not given a boiling soln. of Cs2SO4 was treated with Ba(OH)2, the forming soln. of BaOH was reduced in volume, crystn. of aq. Cs2CO3, on heating these crystals melt in their hydrate water leaving anhydrous Cs2CO3 back;;
In not given a boiling soln. of Cs2SO4 was treated with Ba(OH)2, the forming soln. of BaOH was reduced in volume, crystn. of aq. Cs2CO3, on heating these crystals melt in their hydrate water leaving anhydrous Cs2CO3 back;;

caesium uranyl oxalate → uranium dioxide + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: CO; heating at 350°C for long duration in air and under Ar atm.; XRD;

Cs3{Sb2Cl9} + oxalic acid (144-62-7) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen sulfide; nitric acid In water hydrolysis of 3CsCl * 2SbCl3 by heating; pptn. of Sb with H2S; evapn. of the filtrate with HNO3, calcination with oxalic acid (double amt.); filtration, extn. with ethanol;
With H2S; HNO3 In water hydrolysis of 3CsCl * 2SbCl3 by heating; pptn. of Sb with H2S; evapn. of the filtrate with HNO3, calcination with oxalic acid (double amt.); filtration, extn. with ethanol;

6Cs(1+)*3CO3(2-)*10H2O=3Cs2CO3*10H2O → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; 3Cs2CO3*10h2O was heated in a stream of H2 or dry air at 98 °C forming Cs2CO3 within 12-15 hours with no formation of intermediates;;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; 3Cs2CO3*10h2O was heated in a stream of H2 or dry air at 98 °C forming Cs2CO3 within 12-15 hours with no formation of intermediates;;

Cs2O4 + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: O2; Cs2O4 was heated in presence of CO2 forming Cs2CO3;;
In neat (no solvent) dry CO2 reacts with Cs2O4 on weak heating forming caesium carbonate;;

cesium oxalate (1068-63-9) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) calcination in a Pt-crucible formed pure Cs2CO3;;
In neat (no solvent) calcination of caesium oxalate;;
In neat (no solvent) calcination of caesium oxalate;;

cesium formate (3495-36-1) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; heating in air up to 600°C under atmospheric pressure and humidity (heating rate 5-10°C/min); thermogravimetric monitoring;

cesium oxide + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
High Pressure; at 100°C - 110°C, pressure of CO2: 1800 - 3000 at for 10 -72 h;

cesium oxide + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) amorphous and platelet Cs2O react vigorously with CO2;

Caesium; (2R,3R)-3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxy-propionate (815-81-6) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) calcination;;
In neat (no solvent) calcination;;

Cs zinc hexacyanoferrate(II) + silver carbonate → silver hexacyanoferrate(II) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + zinc(II) carbonate (743369-26-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water addition of (insoluble) Cs2ZnFe(CN)6 into a suspension of Ag2CO3 with formation of (soluble) Cs2CO3;;

cesium acetate (3396-11-0) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) thermolysis in the absence of O2 at 420°C;

cesium sulfide + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → cesium sulfate + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO, COS, caesium pentasulfide; Cs2S was heated in a dry stream of CO2 at 350 °C with formation of Cs2CO3 beside Cs2SO4 and caesium pentasulfide;;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO, COS, caesium pentasulfide; Cs2S was heated in a dry stream of CO2 at 350 °C with formation of Cs2CO3 beside Cs2SO4 and caesium pentasulfide;;

cesium formate (3495-36-1) → methane (34557-54-5) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + cesium oxalate (1068-63-9) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In solid byproducts: C, CH3OH, HCO2CH3; thermal decomposition of CsHCO2 under N2 at 200-250°C; detd. by XRD and IR;

cesium oxide + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → cesium oxalate (1068-63-9) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
High Pressure; at 150°C - 300°C, pressure of CO2 1700 at - 2500 at for 15 - 24 h;

caesium hydrotartrate → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) calcination;;
In neat (no solvent) calcination;;

cesium bicarbonate (15519-28-5) → caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) CsHCO3 was heated for several hours in an indifferent stream of gas at 175 °C forming Cs2CO3;;	>99

3Cs(1+)*AuO(3-)=Cs3AuO + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) → cesium auride + caesium carbonate (534-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
In not given 20°C;

cadmium zirconium cesium oxalate → caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + cadmium(II) oxide + zirconium(IV) oxide (7440-67-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) on heating in air to 673 K with 5 K/h and up to 1173 K with 10 K/h; detn. by TG;

ammonium thiocyanate + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Cesium thiocyanate (3879-01-4)

Conditions	Yield
In water stoich. amts., evapn. at 105°C to dryness;	100%
In water dissolving metal carbonate in aq. soln. of ammonium salt; crystn. at room temp.;
In not given according to H. Grossmann, Chem. Berichte 35 (1902) 2665;

TiO(acac)2 + 3,3'-ethane-1,2-diylbis(1,2-benzendiol) (175844-48-1) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 4Cs(1+)*Ti2(C14H10O4)3(4-)*4H2O = Cs4[Ti2(C14H10O4)3]*4H2O

Conditions	Yield
In methanol stirring overnight; evapn.; elem. anal.;	100%

(1-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → (1-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)methyl acetate (340023-02-1)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃;	100%

sulfur (10544-50-0) + antimony(III) sulfide + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 5Cs(1+)*Sb8S18(4-)*HCO3(1-)=Cs5Sb8S18(HCO3)

Conditions	Yield
In ammonia NH3 (liquid); Ar-atmosphere; stoich. amts., sealed silica tube, 160°C, 4 d; solvent removal; elem. anal.;	99%

sodium azide + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → cesium azide (22750-57-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water byproducts: CO2; elution of NaN3 through cation exchange column (prepared by HCl) to Pt dish, containing Cs2CO3; pH monitored; neutralization (pH 7); extensive description of apparatus and handling given;; evapn.; drying (110°C); identification by X-ray powder spectra;;	99%
In water NaN3 exchanged on cation-exchange resin; HN3 eluate dripped in Cs2CO3 soln. with rate of 5 mL/min; water evapd.; detd. by Raman spectroscopy;
With acidic cation exchanger In water ion-exchange method;
In water
Stage #1: sodium azide In water Acidic conditions; Stage #2: caesium carbonate In water

Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (499-83-2) + uranyl(VI) (dimethyl sulfoxide)5(ClO4)2 + water (7732-18-5) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → [Cs2UO2(dipicolinate)2]*H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water soln. of acid (0.2 mmol) treated with metal carbonate (0.2 mmol), heatedto 90°C to remove CO2, mixed with aq. soln. of U compd. (0.1 mmo l); cooled, crystd. on storage, washed (acetone), dried in air, elem. anal.;	99%

niobium(V) oxide + tellurium(IV) oxide (7446-07-3) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Cs3Nb9TeO26(tellurite)2

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) heating 3:9:8 mixt. of Rb2CO3, Ta2O5 and TeO2 at slightly lower than 810°C for 5 ds; powder XRD;	99%
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) grinding 1:2.66:10 mixt. of Cs2CO3, Nb2O5 and TeO2, pressing into pellets, heating at 810°C for 5 ds; cooling to 300°C at rate of 4°C/h, XRD;

tetrakis(acetato)dimolybdenum(II) (14221-06-8, 744215-74-5) + trifluorormethanesulfonic acid (1493-13-6) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Cs(1+)*Mo2(CF3SO3)5(CF3SO3H)2(1-)=CsMo2(CF3SO3)5*2CF3SO3H (1369969-86-7)

Conditions	Yield
suspn. of Mo2(CH3CO2)4, Cs2CO3 in triflic acid heated at 110°C for 48 h, cooled to room temp. for 50 h;	99%

oxalic acid monomethyl ester (600-23-7) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → cesium 2-methoxy-2-oxoacetate

Conditions	Yield
In water at 23℃; for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere;	99%

4-(bromomethyl)-3,5-dichloropyridine (159783-45-6) + (S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)tyrosine methyl ester (4326-36-7) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → N-boc-O-(3,5-dichloroisonicotinyl)-L-tyrosine methyl ester (252328-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 20℃;	98%

water (7732-18-5) + selenious acid (7783-00-8) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Cs2(WO3)3SeO3

Conditions	Yield
mixt. (Cs:W:Se=2:1:2) placing in Teflon-lined hydrothermal reaction vessel, heating to 210°C for 12 d, slow cooling to ambient over 24 h(final pH 3.3); TGA;	98%

scandium(III) oxide + arsenic acid hydrate + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → caesium scandium bis[hydrogen arsenate(V)] + caesium scandium bis[hydrogen arsenate(V)]

Conditions	Yield
In water High Pressure; hydrothermal synthesis; mixt. Sc2O3, H3AsO4*nH2O, Cs2CO3 (approx. 1:1:1 vol.) and distd. H2O heated in Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave (7d at 493 K, initial and final pH approx. 2);	A 98% B 2%

1-(D-glucopyranosyl-2'-deoxy-2'-iminomethyl)-2-hydroxybenzene (6967-98-2) + uranyl nitrate hexahydrate + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → C39H45N3O25U3*2CsH

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-(D-glucopyranosyl-2'-deoxy-2'-iminomethyl)-2-hydroxybenzene; uranyl nitrate hexahydrate With triethylamine In methanol at 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: caesium carbonate In methanol at 20℃; for 72h;	98%

4-phenyl-butan-1-ol (3360-41-6) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + benzyl chloride (100-44-7) → carbonic acid benzyl ester 4-phenyl-butyl ester

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 95℃; for 36h;	97%

N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide (25351-89-7) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 4-nitro-2-trimethylsilanylmethoxyphenylamine (503534-42-7) + N-(4-nitro-2-trimethylsilanylmethoxyphenyl)acetamide (503534-41-6)

Conditions	Yield
In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	A n/a B 97%

N-phthaloylglycine (4702-13-0) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → (1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)acetic acid cesium salt (941669-12-1)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water at 20℃; for 1h;	97%

bis[dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III)] (12354-84-6, 12354-85-7) + C24H22FeN3O2S(1+)*BF4(1-) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → C35H36FeIrN3O5S

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	97%

di(p-nitrophenyl) disulfide (100-32-3) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → bis(1'-mercapto-4'-nitrophenyl)methane (17387-48-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 18-crown-6 ether In acetone at 40℃; for 24h;	96%

caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + diphenyldisulfane (882-33-7) → bis(phenylthio)methane (3561-67-9)

Conditions	Yield
With 18-crown-6 ether In acetone at 40 - 60℃; for 24h; Temperature;	96%

propylamine (107-10-8) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + (1-bromoethyl)benzne (585-71-7, 38661-81-3) → N-(1-phenylethyl)propan-1-amine (66896-60-4)

Conditions	Yield
In N-methyl-acetamide	95%

boric acid (11113-50-1) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → cesium bis(oxalato)borate (83145-79-3)

Conditions	Yield
With oxalic acid In benzene byproducts: H2O, CO2; elem. anal.;	95%

7K(1+)*P2Fe(OH2)W17O61(7-)*21.3H2O=K7P2Fe(OH2)W17O61*21.3H2O (81553-24-4) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 7Cs(1+)*P2Fe(OH2)W17O61(7-)*14.1H2O=Cs7P2Fe(OH2)W17O61*14.1H2O (81553-22-2)

Conditions	Yield
With Amberlite IR-120 resin In water a soln. of salt was passed through Amberlit IR-120 cation exchanger in H+ form at 2.0°C, a soln. of Cs2CO3 was slowly added; cooling and slow concn., recrystn. (water at 80°C); elem. anal.;	95%

5K(1+)*SiFe(OH2)W11O39(5-)*13.7H2O=K5SiFe(OH2)W11O39*13.7H2O (81553-20-0) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 5Cs(1+)*SiFe(OH2)W11O39(5-)*8.6H2O=Cs5SiFe(OH2)W11O39*8.6H2O (81553-18-6)

Conditions	Yield
With Amberlite IR-120 resin In water a soln. of salt was passed through Amberlit IR-120 cation exchanger in H+ form at 2.0°C, a soln. of Cs2CO3 was slowly added; cooling and slow concn., recrystn. (water at 80°C); elem. anal.;	95%

5K(1+)*GeFe(OH2)W11O39(5-)*13.6H2O=K5GeFe(OH2)W11O39*13.6H2O (81553-10-8) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 5Cs(1+)*GeFe(OH2)W11O39(5-)*8.4H2O=Cs5GeFe(OH2)W11O39*8.4H2O (81553-08-4)

Conditions	Yield
With Amberlite IR-120 resin In water a soln. of salt was passed through Amberlit IR-120 cation exchanger in H+ form at 2.0°C, a soln. of Cs2CO3 was slowly added; cooling and slow concn., recrystn. (water at 80°C); elem. anal.;	95%

2-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)benzenamine (54143-01-0) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → 2-chloroindole-3-carboxylic acid (54778-20-0)

Conditions	Yield
In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 0.333333h;	95%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + sulfur (7704-34-9) → CsInGeS4

Conditions	Yield
at 550 - 650℃; Sealed tube;	95%

methanol (67-56-1) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Dimethyl oxalate (553-90-2) + cesium bicarbonate (15519-28-5) + cesium formate (3495-36-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; caesium carbonate With silica gel; pyrographite at 325℃; under 15001.5 - 33753.4 Torr; Stage #2: methanol at 200℃; under 30003 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Pressure;	A 95% B n/a C 0.8%

carbon disulfide (75-15-0) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + cadmium(II) sulphide + tin(IV) oxide → Cs2CdSn2S6

Conditions	Yield
at 650℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	95%

iodic acid (7782-68-5) + caesium carbonate (534-17-8) → Cs2(I3O8)(IO3), β, monoclinic

Conditions	Yield
In water High Pressure; Cs2CO3, HIO3 and H2O mixed, placed in autoclave, heated to 220°C,held for 2 d, cooled to room temp. at 10°C/h; filtered off, washed with water, dried at 80°C;	94%

caesium carbonate (534-17-8) + (2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol (4407-36-7) → carbonic acid bis(3-phenylallyl) ester

Conditions	Yield
With 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate In dichloromethane at 70℃; for 18h; Solvent; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube;	94%

Upstream product

• 534-17-7 CesiumCarbonate 
• 5341-76-4 2-(methoxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpentane-1,5-diol 
• 53417-61-1 Maleic anhdride,polymer with propyleneglycol,ethyleneglcol,3-oxa-1,5-pentanediol and 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1,3-dioxo-2-oxaindan 
• 53417-47-3 N-butylidenepropan-2-amine 
• 53417-29-1 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate 
• 53416-95-8 2,4-diamino-5-(4-{[(2-amino-4-{[(4E)-6-amino-1-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ylidene]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]amino}phenyl)-1-methylpyrimidin-1-ium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (1:1) 
• 53416-82-3 5,6,11,12-Tetrahydro-3,8,9-trimethoxy-13-methyl-1-[[(6aS)-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-9-yl]oxy]-5α,11α-epiminodibenzo[a,e]cycloocten-4-ol 
• 534-16-7 Silver carbonate 
• 53416-49-2 4-AMINO-5-METHOXYTOLUENE-2-SULFONIC ACID 
• 53416-47-0 2-(methoxymethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole 
• 53416-46-9 2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-4,4-DIMETHYL-4,5-DIHYDRO-1,3-OXAZOLE 
• 53416-17-4 N-benzylidene-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amine 
• 5341-61-7 Hydrazine dihydrochloride 
• 5341-59-3 ethyl (2Z)-cyano[(2E)-6-methyl-2-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ylidene]ethanoate 

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• 66742-56-1 4-[(3,4-DICHLOROBENZYL)OXY]BENZALDEHYDE 
• 116470-54-3 3-(4-METHYLPHENYL)BENZALDEHYDE 
• 172932-10-4 4-(2-CHLORO-6-FLUOROBENZYLOXY)BENZALDEHYDE 
• 219539-46-5 2-[(2,6-DICHLOROBENZYL)OXY]-5-NITROBENZALDEHYDE 
• 875657-54-8 (3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)METHANOL 
• 936940-15-7 1-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-amine 
• 1185292-65-2 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBONITRILE 
• 1185292-86-7 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBALDEHYDE 
• 125942-79-2 BOC-3-IODO-D-ALANINE BENZYL ESTER 
• 19163-21-4 5-PHENYL-2-THIOPHENECARBALDEHYDE 
• 19163-24-7 5-Phenylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid 
• 306934-75-8 4-[(2-CHLORO-6-FLUOROBENZYL)OXY]-3-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE 
• 4122-68-3 4-CHLOROPHENOXYACETYL CHLORIDE 
• 4385-78-8 3-PYRIDIN-4-YL-BENZOIC ACID 
• 446866-87-1 3-Morpholinobenzaldehyde 
• 612-62-4 2-Chloroquinoline 
• 7164-98-9 1-Phenylimidazole 
• 99498-65-4 1-PHENYL-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRAZOLE 
• 1008-91-9 1-(4-Pyridyl)piperazine 

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