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Morpholine

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Name

Morpholine

EINECS 203-815-1
CAS No. 110-91-8 Density 0.931 g/cm3
PSA 21.26000 LogP -0.06500
Solubility miscible with water. Melting Point -5 °C
Formula C4H9NO Boiling Point 128.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 87.1216 Flash Point 35.6 °C
Transport Information UN 2054 8/PG 1 Appearance aqueous solution with a fishlike odor
Safety 23-36-45 Risk Codes 10-20/21/22-34
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 110-91-8 (Morpholine) Hazard Symbols CorrosiveC
Synonyms

Diethylenimide oxide;Drewamine;BASF 238;1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane;Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine;Morpholine (4-oxazine);Tetrahydro-p-oxazine;Diethyleneimide oxide;Diethylene oximide;Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine;2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-;Morpholine hydrochloride;p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-;Diethylene imidoxide;Tetrahydro-1, 4-isoxazine;1-oxa-4-azoniacyclohexane;4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-;

Article Data 311

Morpholine Synthetic route

(1S,2S,5R,6R,7S,8S)-1,6-Dimethyl-8-morpholin-4-yl-3,4-diaza-tricyclo[3.2.1.02,7]oct-3-ene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester

A

110-91-8

morpholine

B

2166-25-8

dimethyl 4-methylpyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In xylene for 6h; Heating;A n/a
B 100%
under 0.075006 Torr; Pyrolysis;
25070-77-3

allyl morpholine-1-carboxylate

A

110-91-8

morpholine

B

696-57-1

N-allylmorpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine; palladium diacetate; trisodium tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine In water for 0.166667h; Ambient temperature;A 98%
B 2%
With formic acid; triphenylphosphine; tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform complex In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 3h;A 16 % Chromat.
B 84 % Chromat.
111-46-6

diethylene glycol

A

110-91-8

morpholine

B

109-02-4

4-methyl-morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methylamineA 98%
B n/a
4837-31-4

4-Phenylsulfanyl-morpholine

691-96-3

diisopropyl phosphite

A

110-91-8

morpholine

B

15267-38-6

thiophosphoric acid O,O'-diisopropyl ester S-phenyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
A n/a
B 96%
114406-39-2

prop-2-yn-1-yl morpholine-4-carboxylate

110-91-8

morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 2.5h;95%
With potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) In d(4)-methanol; water-d2 at 20℃; for 14h; Reagent/catalyst;
4394-85-8

4-morpholinecarboxaldehyde

110-91-8

morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ru-MACHO; potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 140℃; under 38002.6 Torr; for 2.5h; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Glovebox; Autoclave; Cooling with ice;95%
With [bis({2‐[bis(propan‐2‐yl)phosphanyl]ethyl})amide](carbonyl)(hydride)iron(II); hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 22801.5 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior;
437-81-0

2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde

2365-48-2

Methyl thioglycolate

95-15-8

Benzo[b]thiophene

A

110-91-8

morpholine

B

2-(1-Morpholino)-6-fluorobenzaldehyde

2-(1-Morpholino)-6-fluorobenzaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In NaH; dimethyl sulfoxide; acetonitrileA 93%
B n/a
112918-83-9

4-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)morpholine

110-91-8

morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate In neat (no solvent) at 25℃; for 0.0666667h; Green chemistry;93%
7529-22-8

4-methylmorpholine N-oxide

110-91-8

morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine; potassium carbonate In chloroform at 0 - 20℃;92%
779-53-3

4-morpholinylacetophenone

110-91-8

morpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With magnesium; acetic acid In methanol at 20℃;92%

Morpholine Chemical Properties

Molecular structure of Morpholine (CAS NO.110-91-8) is:

Product Name: Morpholine
CAS Registry Number: 110-91-8
IUPAC Name: morpholine
Molecular Weight: 87.12036 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO
XLogP3: -0.9
H-Bond Donor: 1
H-Bond Acceptor: 2 
EINECS: 203-815-1
Melting Point: -5 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.454(lit.)
Storage temp.: Store at R.T.
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE 
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Surface Tension: 29.2 dyne/cm
Density: 0.931 g/cm3
Flash Point: 35.6 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 36.66 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 128.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 10.4 mmHg at 25°C
Product Categories: Organic Chemicals;BasesChemical Synthesis;Organic Bases;Supported Reagents;Supported Synthesis;Synthetic Reagents

Morpholine Uses

 Morpholine (CAS NO.110-91-8) is a common additive because its volatility is about the same as water. Morpholine is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants.

Morpholine Production

 Morpholine (CAS NO.110-91-8) may be produced by the dehydration of diethanolamine with sulfuric acid.
 

Morpholine Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
guinea pig LDLo oral 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION

GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM STOMACH

GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM SMALL INTESTINE
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 236, 1939.
mammal (species unspecified) LC50 inhalation 12000mg/m3 (12000mg/m3)   Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 14, Pg. 90, 1975.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 oral 1220mg/kg (1220mg/kg)   Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 14, Pg. 90, 1975.
mouse LC50 inhalation 1320mg/m3/2H (1320mg/m3) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 8, Pg. 60, 1966.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 413mg/kg (413mg/kg)   Cancer Vol. 2, Pg. 1055, 1949.
mouse LD50 oral 525mg/kg (525mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP

BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Biomedica Biochimica Acta. Vol. 44, Pg. 795, 1985.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 458mg/kg (458mg/kg)   United States Patent Document. Vol. #4576951,
rabbit LD50 skin 500uL/kg (0.5mL/kg)   AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 61, 1954.
rat LC50 inhalation 8000ppm/8H (8000ppm)   Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 85, 1974.
rat LD50 oral 1450mg/kg (1450mg/kg)   Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 10, Pg. 25, 1968.
rat LDLo unreported 1600mg/kg (1600mg/kg)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 662, 1969.

Morpholine Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Can cause kidney damage. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to flame, heat, or oxidizers; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Mixtures with nitromethane are explosive. May ignite spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx
Hazard Codes: CorrosiveC
Risk Statements: 10-20/21/22-34 
R10:Flammable. 
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 
R34:Causes burns.
Safety Statements: 23-36-45 
S23:Do not breathe vapour. 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR: UN 2054 8/PG 1
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: QD6475000
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: I

Morpholine Specification

 Morpholine , its cas register number is 110-91-8. It also can be called Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine ; 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane ; 2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro- ; 4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro- ; Diethylene imidoxide ; Diethylene oximide ; Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine ; Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine ; Tetrahydro-p-oxazine ; p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro- .It is a aqueous solution with a fishlike odor.It is highly flammable and water soluble.It dissolved in water neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. It may cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen even at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

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