10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.064
The research presents a versatile and efficient method for synthesizing α,α'-disubstituted N-hydroxypiperidines and N-hydroxypyrrolidines through a double 1,4-addition of hydroxylamine to bis α,β-unsaturated diesters. The synthesis occurs in an environmentally friendly ethanol/water system at room temperature. Key chemicals involved include octa-2,6-dienedioic acid diethyl ester and nona-2,6-dienedioic acid diethyl ester, which are synthesized from succinaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Hydroxylamine is used for the double 1,4-addition, yielding N-hydroxypyrrolidines and N-hydroxypiperidines with good selectivity for the cis isomers. The study also explores the behavior of the double 1,4-addition in systems containing a ketone, revealing that the keto group can be selectively converted to either an oxime or an N-hydroxy compound by adjusting the amount of hydroxylamine.
10.1016/S0008-6215(00)81892-3
The research investigates the isopropylidenation of D-glucitol under neutral conditions, aiming to study the reaction mechanism and improve the isolation procedure for the main equilibrium product, 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucitol. The findings reveal that the reaction produces various products, including the major diacetal 6, and that the presence of water can inhibit the reaction. The research concludes that the acetal-exchange reaction under neutral conditions is similar to zinc chloride catalysis in terms of product distribution but differs from acid-catalysed isopropylidenation. An improved isolation procedure involving crystallisation or formation of the 3,4-dibenzoate followed by debenzoylation is described, yielding the diacetal 6 with higher efficiency.