Butane

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Butane
• CAS No.: 106-97-8
• Molecular Formula: C4H10
• Molecular Weight: 58.1234
• Hs Code.: 3606100000
• European Community (EC) Number: 203-448-7
• ICSC Number: 0232
• UN Number: 1011,1075
• UNII: 6LV4FOR43R
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID7024665
• Nikkaji Number: J4.041J
• Wikipedia: Butane
• Wikidata: Q134192,Q83048384,Q83050153
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C65276
• RXCUI: 1310550
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 42509
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL134702
• Mol file: 106-97-8.mol

Synonyms:butane;n-butane

Chemical Property of Butane

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor
• Vapor Pressure: 1920mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: -138 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.3326
• Boiling Point: -0.5 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 45
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 0.615 g/cm³
• LogP: 1.80640
• Water Solubility.: 73.24mg/L(25 oC)
• XLogP3: 2.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 58.078250319
• Heavy Atom Count: 4
• Complexity: 2
• Transport DOT Label: Flammable Gas

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Butane 98.0% ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F+, F
• Hazard Codes: F+,F,T
• Statements: 12-46-45
• Safety Statements: 9-16-45-53

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Solvents -> Aliphatics, Saturated (
• Canonical SMILES: CCCC
• Inhalation Risk: On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.
• Description: Butane Residual Solvent Standard (Item No. 25932) is a certified reference material standard for butane, a solvent that has been used in the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and has been identified as a contaminant in butane hash oil and Δ9-THC concentrates. It is designed for use as a reference standard for butane by GC- or LC-MS. This product is intended for research and forensic applications. Butane is a flammable, colorless gas that follows propane in the alkane series. Butane is also called n-butane, with the “n” designating it as normal butane, the straight chain isomer. Butane’s other isomer is isobutane. The chemical name of isobutane is 2-methylpropane. Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Normal butane and isobutane are two different compounds, and the name butane is used collectively to denote both n-butane and isobutane; the names n-butane and isobutane are used to distinguish properties and chemical characteristics unique to each compound. Butane, along with propane, is a major component of liquefied petroleum gas . It exists as a liquid under moderate pressure or below 0℃ at atmospheric pressure, which makes it ideal for storage and transportation in liquid form.
• Physical properties: Colorless, flammable gas with a faint, disagreeable, natural gas or gasoline-like odor. Odor threshold concentration in air is 1,200 ppmv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990). Detected in water at a concentration of 6.2 mg/L (Bingham et al., 2001).
• Uses: Butane is the common fuel used in cigarette lighters and also as an aerosol propellant, a calibration gas, a refrigerant, a fuel additive, and a chemical feedstock in the petrochemical industry. n-Butane can be obtained from natural gas and from refinery hydro cracker streams. Most of the n-butane goes into fuel additive uses. The major chemical use is as a feedstock for ethylene production by cracking . The other important chemical uses for butane are in oxidation to acetic acid and in the production of maleic anhydride. In the past, butane also was the main feedstock for the production of butadiene by dehydrogenation, but it has been replaced by coproduct butadiene obtained from ethylene production. Ethylene. The largest potential chemical market for n-butane is in steam cracking to ethylene and coproducts. n-Butane is a supplemental feedstock for olefin plants and has accounted for 1-4 percent of total ethylene production for most years since 1970. It can be used at up to 10-15 percent ofthe total feed in ethane/propane crackers with no major modifications . n-Butane can also be used as a supplemental feed at as high as 20-30 percent in heavy naphtha crackers. The consumption of C4S has fluctuated considerably from year to year since 1970, depending on the relative price ofbutane and other feedstocks. The yield of ethylene is only 36-40 percent, with the other products including methane, propylene, ethane, and butadiene, acetylene, and butylenes. About 2-3 billion Ib of butane are consumed annually to produce ethylene. As producer gas; raw material for motor fuels, in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers. n-Butane occurs in petroleum, natural gas,and in refinery cracking products. It isused as a liquid fuel, often called liquefiedpetroleum gas, in a mixture with propane. Itis also used as a propellant for aerosols, a rawmaterial for motor fuels, in the production ofsynthetic rubber, and in organic synthesis.

Technology Process of Butane

There total 1202 articles about Butane which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 22.1%

methanol (67-56-1) → ethane (74-84-0) + propane (74-98-6) + Isobutane (75-28-5,40921-86-6) + pentamethylbenzene, (700-12-9) + Hexamethylbenzene (87-85-4) + n-butane (106-97-8,9003-29-6,9021-92-5)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; DAM (de-aluminated mordenite); at 350 ℃; under 11400 Torr; Product distribution; other temperature, catalysts, pressure; the effect of the pore size and acid properties of zeolite on the product yield/distribution;

DOI:10.1246/bcsj.58.795

Reference yield:

C9H11NO3S (130436-14-5) → propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + formaldehyd (50-00-0,30525-89-4,61233-19-0) + di(p-nitrophenyl) disulfide (100-32-3) + 1-(ethylsulfanyl)-4-nitrobenzene (7205-60-9) + propionaldehyde (123-38-6) + n-butane (106-97-8,9003-29-6,9021-92-5)

Guidance literature:

In benzene; Product distribution; Irradiation;

DOI:10.1021/jo00310a008

Reference yield:

glycerol (56-81-5,25618-55-7,64333-26-2,8013-25-0) → methanol (67-56-1) + 1-butylene (106-98-9,9003-28-5) + (Z)-2-Butene (590-18-1) + propene (187737-37-7,13987-01-4,15220-87-8,9003-07-0,676-63-1,25085-53-4) + methane (34557-54-5,27936-85-2) + trans-2-Butene (624-64-6) + ethane (74-84-0) + propane (74-98-6) + Isobutane (75-28-5,40921-86-6) + ethene (74-85-1) + 1,2,3-trimethoxy glycerol ether (20637-49-4) + tri-tert-butyl glycerol ether (92867-55-5) + ethylbenzene (100-41-4,27536-89-6) + toluene (108-88-3,15644-74-3,16713-13-6) + acrolein (107-02-8,25068-14-8) + isobutene (115-11-7,15220-85-6) + n-butane (106-97-8,9003-29-6,9021-92-5) + benzene (71-43-2,26181-88-4,54682-86-9,13967-78-7,174973-66-1)

Guidance literature:

With zeolite HZSM-5; In water; at 340 ℃; Reagent/catalyst; Catalytic behavior; Flow reactor;

DOI:10.1134/S0036024418120397

upstream raw materials:

diazomethane

diethyl ether

1,4-dibromo-butane

propan-1-ol

Downstream raw materials:

biphenyl

aniline

propene

4-methyl-2-pentanone

Refernces

• 1、 Lebrilla, Carlito B.,Drewello, Thomas,Schwarz, Helmut. "Deceptive Similarities in the Reactions of Fe+ and Co+ with Linear Nitriles in the Gas Phase". . p. 5639 - 5644. Retrieved 1987.
• 2、 Rosier, Cecile,Niccolai, Gerald P.,Basset, Jean-Marie. "Catalytic Hydrogenolysis and Isomerization of Light Alkanes over the Silica-Supported Titanium Hydride Complex (SiO)3TiH". . p. 12408 - 12409. Retrieved 1997.
• 3、 Schreiner, Edward P.,Teketel, Shewangizaw,Lobo, Raul F.. "Catalytic: N -pentane conversion on H-ZSM-5 at high pressure". . p. 4245 - 4251. Retrieved 2016.
• 4、 Wu, Jihong,Funakoshi, Masaki,Nagamoto, Hidetoshi,Komiyama, Hiroshi,Inoue, Hakuai. "Hyrogenation of Carbon Monoxide, Aldehydes, and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons on Titania-Supported Palladium Catalysts". . p. 493 - 498. Retrieved 1989.
• 5、 Rabinovitch, B. S.,Dills, D. H.,Larsson, N. R.. "". . p. 1523 - 1525. Retrieved 1959.
• 6、 Costa Faro, Arnaldo da,Kemball, Charles. "Influence of Strong Metal-Support Interaction on Exchange with Deuterium and other Reactions of Hydrocarbons. Part 1. - Studies with Rh/TiO2 and Rh/SiO2". . p. 741 - 748. Retrieved 1995.
• 7、 Kitajima, Nobumasa,Sakuma, Shigeharu,Ono, Yoshio. "On the Active Species of Aluminium(III) Bromide-Copper(II) Bromide Mixtures as Catalysts for the Isomerization of Pentane". . p. 1201 - 1205. Retrieved 1980.
• 8、 Wu, Qian,Qu, Zheng-Wang,Omann, Lukas,Irran, Elisabeth,Klare, Hendrik F. T.,Oestreich, Martin. "Cleavage of Unactivated Si?C(sp3) Bonds with Reed's Carborane Acids: Formation of Known and Unknown Silylium Ions". . p. 9176 - 9179. Retrieved 2018.
• 9、 Bussell, Mark E.,Somorjai, Gabor A.. "THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OVER RHENIUM SURFACES: THE EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE AND ADSORBATES (C AND S)". . p. 2009 - 2016. Retrieved 1989.
• 10、 Wenig, Robert W.,Schrader, Glenn L.. "In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Study of Crotyl Alcohol, Maleic Acid, Crotonic Acid, and Maleic Anhydride Oxidation on a V-P-O industrial Catalyst". . p. 5674 - 5680. Retrieved 1987.