10042-88-3

Basic information

• Product Name: Terbium(III) chloride
• Synonyms: NSC 621599;Terbium chloride; Terbium trichloride; Terbium(III) chloride
• CAS NO: 10042-88-3
• Molecular Formula: Cl₃Tb
• Molecular Weight: 265.27
• EINECS: 233-132-4
• Mol File: 10042-88-3.mol
• Article Data: 47

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: off-white pwdr.
• Density: 4.35 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Terbium(III) chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Terbium(III) chloride(10042-88-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Terbium(III) chloride(10042-88-3)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 10042-88-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

Terbium(III) chloride is a chemical compound with the formula TbCl3. It is a bright green crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohols. Terbium(III) chloride is primarily used as a precursor in the production of other terbium compounds and materials, such as phosphors and magneto-optical materials. It is also used in the production of glass, ceramics, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Terbium(III) chloride has also been studied for potential applications in medical imaging and cancer treatment. Additionally, it has been used in the production of green and blue phosphors for lighting and display applications.

InChI:InChI=1/ClH.6H2O.Tb/h1H;6*1H2;/q;;;;;;;+3/p-1

Synthetic route

[Tb(chloride)2(water)6]Cl → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: H2O; Schlenk techniques; heating Tb compd. under vacuum (1E-3 Torr);	99%

terbium ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NH4Cl; Tb-contg. compd. was heated slowly (4 h) to 630°C in flowing helium; chem anal.;	59.6%

terbium(III, IV) oxide + ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In solid
With hydrogenchloride In not given TbCl3 prepared by ammonium halide method;

terbium(III) oxide + ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Ar atmosphere; molar ratio NH4Cl/Tb2O3 6:1;
In neat (no solvent) 250°C; distn. (twice) in tantalum crucible under high. vac.;

terbium(III) chloride hydrate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With NH4Cl In neat (no solvent) heating of TbCl3*99H2O in the presence of NH4Cl (Handbuch der preparativen anorganischen Chemie, Herausg. G. Brauer, Studgardt, 1975);

terbium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) + aluminium (7429-90-5) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) chemical transport technique, according to: G. N. Papatheodorou, G. H. Kucera, Inorg. Chem. 18 (1979) 385; AlCl3 prepd. in situ; 1 atm of Cl2, temp. gradient 500 to 400°C;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water dissoln. (60 s); not isolated; calorimetric measurements;

aluminium trichloride (7446-70-0) + terbium(III, IV) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) absence of moisture; large excess AlCl3, evacuated quartz tube, 573 K; fractional sublimation over 450 to 650 K gradient, removal of residual AlCl3 on heating in Cl2/N2 stream;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + terbium(III) oxalate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
dry box, nitrogen stream; direct chlorination using CCl4;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating to 800 K in 4 - 5 h, chlorination by isothermal treatment in a stream of CCl4 at 800 K for 5 - 6 h; elem. anal.;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium(III, IV) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride metal oxide treated with concd. HCl; soln. evapd. to near dryness;
In water Tb4O7 dissolution in HCl (1:1 soln.), evaporation;
In neat (no solvent) Tb4O7 reacted with HCl; evapd. to dryness;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride
In hydrogenchloride oxide dissolved in aq. HCl;
In hydrogenchloride Tb2O3 reacted with 37.5% HCl;

TbAl3Cl12 → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) thermal decompn. at 220-240°C;

terbium(III, IV) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO; chlorination at 800 K for 2 h, heating up to 1300 K in CO-HCl mixt., CVTalong temp. gradient at 1300 K for 6 h;
With pyrographite In solid byproducts: CO; at 800°C for 2 h;
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) chlorinating of rare earth/carbon (molar ration 3/1) mixt. (Cl2 flow rate 20 ml/min, 800 K, 2 h), heating in CO/HCl flow (800-1200 K), chemical vapor transport (AlCl3, 1300 K, 6 h, CO carrier gas, 40 ml/min); atomic emission spectrometric monitoring;

terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With HCl In hydrogenchloride dissoln. of Tb2O3 in aq. HCl; recrystn. from cocd. soln.;

3NH4(1+)*Tb(3+)*6Cl(1-)=(NH4)3TbCl6 → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Thermal decompn. of starting material above 400°C.; X-ray diffraction, thermal anal.;

terbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate → Carbonyl fluoride (353-50-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C;
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C;

terbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;

TbCl3*2(acetylacetone imine) → 4-amino-3-penten-2-one (1118-66-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 325°C; thermogravimetric anal.;

terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Kinetics; byproducts: H2O;

terbium(III) chloride monohydrate (114364-03-3) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: H2O; sample fluidization in Pyrex glass in Ar/HCl gas mixt. at const. temp. in range 180-210 (+/-0.2)°C; manometric monotoring;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; sample heating at 180-200°C till the weight loss reached the calculated value; gravimetric monitoring;

water (7732-18-5) + disodium isophthalate (10027-33-5, 18996-36-6, 25458-19-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III)(OH)(C6H4(COO)2)(H2O)4*terbium(III)(C6H4(COO)2)(C6H4(COOH)(H2O)4*6H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water TbCl3 mixed with disodium salt of isophthalic acid in water at room temp.; pptd.; filtered; dried in air; elem. anal.; XRD;	100%

benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, ammonium salt + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate hexahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In not given hot soln.;	99%
In not given hot soln.;	99%

(CH2CH2NCH2COOH)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH) (1384118-43-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(CH2CH2NCH2COO)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH)(1+) (1384157-48-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol cyclen deriv. dissolved in MeOH, then TbCl3 added, heated at 45°Cfor 24 h; concd. to half vol., added to large amt. of Et2O; ppt. collected by centrifugation; solid dissolved in MeOH, pptd. with Et2O; dried under vac. for 24 h;	99%

5-aminoisophthalic acid, ammonium salt + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) 5-aminoisophthalate tridecahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water ligand added to aq. soln. of metal salt with stirring; mixt. stirred for1 h at room temp.; filtered; washed (hot water); dried at 30°C for 2 ds;	98%

potassium tris(1-pyrazolyl)borate + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → κ3-HB(N2C3H3)3 terbium(III) complex

Conditions	Yield
In water addn. of the pyrazolylborate with stirring to a filtered soln. of the lanthanide chloride (or hydrated nitrate) in H2O, centrifugation, addn. offurther pyrazolylborate and repeating the procedure; washing with H2O under stirring, centrifugation, drying (desiccator, over P2O5); elem. anal.;	97%

3R,4R-bis(1,3-butandione)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (3R,4R-bis(1,3-butandione)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane(2-))3Tb2*3H2O

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In methanol addn. of metal salt to a soln. of ligand and K2CO3 in methanol, stirringovernight at room temp.; evapn., extn. with isopropanol, filtration, evapn. in vac.; elem. anal.;	95%

2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (1118-71-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb(III)tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)]2(2,2'-bipyrimidine)

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In ethanol; water stoich., aq. soln. of TbCl3 added to basic ethanolic soln. of β-diketonate and 2,2-bipyridine; filtered, washed (cold EtOH), dried (air), elem. anal.;	95%

sodium acetate (127-09-3) + potassium tris(1-pyrazolyl)borate + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (acetato)bis{hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato}terbium(III)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: KCl, NaCl; under N2 atm.; suspension stirred at room temp. for 8h; evapd. (vac.), benzene added, stirred for 1h at room temp., centrifuged, filtered, evapd.;	94%

warfarin (129-06-6) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*3C19H15O4(1-)*6H2O=Tb(C19H15O4)3*6H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water dropwise addn. of soln. of Ln-salt to soln. of ligand salt (pptn.), stirring (0.5 h); filtration, washing (H2O), drying (vac. desiccator); elem. anal.;	94%

closo-exo-5,6-[(μ-H)2Na(THF)2]-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → 2,2',4,4'-(SiMe3)4-3,5',6'-[(μ-H)3Na]-1,1'-commo-Tb(η5-2,4-C2B4H4)2

Conditions	Yield
In benzene under N2 atm. closo-exo-5,6-Na(THF)2-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)-2,4-C2B4H4 and LnCl3 (2:1) were mixed in benzene and stirred at 0°C for 2-3 h, react. mixt. was warmed to room temp., raised to 60°C and stirred for 24 h; soln. was filtered and evapd., residue was recrystd. from n-hexane-benzene; elem. anal.;	93%

benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (554-95-0) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*C6H3(COO)3(3-)*H2O = Tb(C6H3(COO)3)(H2O) (847454-84-6, 213600-35-2)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; N,N-dimethyl-formamide refluxing (2 h); ppt. on cooling, ppt. washing (EtOH), drying (vac.); elem. anal.;	93%

sodium ethyl sulfate (546-74-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(III) ethylsulfate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; equimolar amts. of sodium alkylsulfate and TbCl3 were mixed at -20°C; ppt. of NaCl filtered off, filtrate evapd., dried in vacuo over P2O5; elem. anal.;	92%

sodium isopropyl sulfate (52096-25-0) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium isopropyl sulfate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; room temperature, NaCl filtration off, filtrate concentration to dryness, residue drying (in vacuo over P2O5); elem. anal.;	92%
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; equimolar amts. of sodium alkylsulfate and TbCl3 were mixed at -20°C; ppt. of NaCl filtered off, filtrate evapd., dried in vacuo over P2O5; elem. anal.;

[La(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-2,3-dione)Cl2(H2O)2]Cl (257926-39-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (La(C8H16O2N4)Cl2(H2O)2)2TbCl3(H2O)2(2+)*2Cl(1-)=La2TbC16H44Cl9N8O10

Conditions	Yield
With acetonitrile In methanol refluxing (2 h), concn., acetonitrile addn., crystn.; filtration, washing (acetonitrile-ethanol), drying (red. pressure); elem. anal.;	92%

water (7732-18-5) + sodium p-aminobenzoate (555-06-6) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) p-aminobenzoate monohydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water byproducts: NaCl; elem. anal.;	92%

4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-furanyl)-1,3-butanedione (326-90-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb2(tfa)6(2,2'-bipyrimidine)] (943727-00-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water ethanolic soln. of β-diketone (2.1 mmol), bpm (0.35 mmol), NaOH (2.1 mmol) stirred for 30 min, aq. soln. of metal salt (0.70 mmol) added, pptd.; filtered off, recrystd. (ethyl acetate/hexane), elem. anal.;	91%

terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + copper(l) chloride + lithium tert-butoxide (1907-33-1) → terbium tert-butoxycuprate

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: LiCl; a mixt. of t-BuOLi, TbCl3, and CuCl in THF was stirred for 3.5 h at 60°C; the solvent was evapd. in a vac. and the solid residue was extd. with hexane; the hexane exts. were combined, and the solvent was evapd. in a vac.; elem. anal.;	90%

(E)-3-phenylacrylic acid (140-10-3) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(trans-cinnamate)3]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In water cinnamic acid dispersed in water; treated with equimolar aq. NaOH; pH adjusted by dropwise addition of aq. HCl to 7-8; soln. added to metal chloride soln. in 3:1 molar ratio; pH adjusted to 5; stirred for 1 h; collected; washed with EtOH followed by H2O; dried in vacuum desiccator for 2 days; elem. anal.;	90%

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*3BH4(1-)*3C4H8O = Tb(BH4)3*3C4H8O

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaCl; stirring (air and moisture exclusion, room tempo., 20 h); IR spectroscopy;	89.7%

1,1,1-Trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione (22767-90-4) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb(III)tris(1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedionate)]2(2,2'-bipyrimidine)(H2O)2

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In ethanol; water stoich., aq. soln. of TbCl3 added to basic ethanolic soln. of β-diketonate and 2,2-bipyridine; filtered, washed (cold EtOH), dried (air), elem. anal.;	86.5%

terephthalonitrile (623-26-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [TbCl3(1,4-benzodinitrile)]n

Conditions	Yield
In melt (inert atm.); heating mixt. of terbium compd. and benzodinitrile to 190°C in 9.5 h and to 235°C in 45 h, keeping at 235°C for 48 h, cooling to 190°C for 225 h, to 170°C in 20 h and to room temp. for 29 h; isolation of crystals, elem. anal.;	86%

7,16-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (72912-01-7) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + potassium hydroxide → [(1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16-tetraoxacyclooctadecane-N,N'-diacetato)lanthanum(III)] chloride potassium chloride hexahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water a soln. of metal salt added dropwise to a soln. of ligand and KOH; concd., acetone added, ppt. filtered, washed (aq. acetone), dried (vac.); elem. anal.;	85%

1,3-diphenylpropanedione (120-46-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(dibenzoylmethanato)3]

Conditions	Yield
With NH3 In ethyl acetate byproducts: NH4Cl; partial evapn., addn. of heptane; elem. anal.;	85%

terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + triethylentetramine (112-24-3) + oxalic acid diethyl ester (95-92-1) → Tb(C8H16O2N4)Cl2(H2O)2(1+)*Cl(1-)=[Tb(C8H20Cl2N4O4)]Cl (257926-45-7)

Conditions	Yield
With acetonitrile In methanol refluxing (3 h), stirring, refluxing (2 h), acetonitrile addn., crystn.; filtration, washing (acetonitrile-ethanol), drying (red. pressure); elem. anal.;	85%

ethanol (64-17-5) + 1,3-diphenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone (191846-88-5) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(1,3-diphenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone-H)3(H2O)(EtOH)]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In tetrahydrofuran; water a soln. of pyrazolone-compound in THF was neutralized by NaOH aq. soln. with heating and stirring, then aq. soln. of TbCl3 (1:3 molar ratio) wasadded dropwise at a pH of 6.5, water was added slowly, the mixt. was re fluxed for 6 h; the solid was filtered off, washed with water; elem. anal.;	85%

tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9) + Li(N(C6H3(i-Pr)2-2,6)C(H))2CPh) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → TbCl2([N(C6H3i-Pr2-2,6)C(H)]2CPh)(thf)2 (1196389-94-2)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran under Ar or in vac.; soln. of Na(β-diiminato ligand) in THF added to suspn. of TbCl3 at room temp., after 10 min TbCl3 disappeared, the color changed to orange, the mixt. heated at 60°C under reflux for 12 h, volatiles removed in vac.; residue extd. (OEt2), ext. concd., after 12 h at 15°C light yellow crystals obtained; elem.anal., XRD;	85%

2-hydroxy-N-octadecyloxy-4-tetradecyloxybenzaldimine (271577-90-3) + sodium nonadecafluorodecylsulfate (586960-96-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [terbium(III) (4-tetradecyloxy-N-octadecyl-2-hydroxybenzaldimine)-tris(nonadecafluorodecylsulfate)]

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; 3:1 mixt. of metal salt and sodium nonadecafluorodecylsulfate stirred at60°C, NaCl filtered off, 3-fold excess ligand added, stirred at 50°C, stored for 2 h, pptd.; filtered off, dried (vac.), elem. anal.;	84%

1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone (909007-96-1) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dibenzyloxy)phenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone-H)3(H2O)2]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In tetrahydrofuran; water a soln. of pyrazolone-compound in THF was neutralized by NaOH aq. soln. with heating and stirring, then aq. soln. of TbCl3 (1:3 molar ratio) wasadded dropwise at a pH of 6.5, water was added slowly, the mixt. was re fluxed for 6 h; the solid was filtered off, washed with water; elem. anal.;	83%

4,4'-bipyridine (553-26-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb2Cl6(4,4'-bipyridine)3]*2(4,4'-bipyridine)

Conditions	Yield
In melt (inert atmosphere); sealed, heated to 140°C; cooled to 100°C and to room temp.; obtained impure; elem. anal.;	83%

Upstream product

• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 7446-70-0 aluminium trichloride 
• 13798-24-8 terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate 
• 114364-03-3 terbium(III) chloride monohydrate 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 7429-90-5 aluminium 
• 13798-24-8 terbium(III) chloride hydrate 

Downstream Products

• 121483-71-4 Tb(C₆H₅C₃N₂(CH₃)2ONHCOCH₃)2Cl₃ 
• 88994-83-6 Tb(benzohydroxamate)3 
• 362689-24-5 [(phenylthioacetate)3Tb(III)(H₂O)] 

Relevant articles and documents

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The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Tb3+-enoxacin-Na2SO3 system (ENX system) and Tb3+-ofloxacin-Na2SO3 system (OFLX system) in aqueous solution is reported. ECL is generated by the oxidation of Na2SO3, which is enhanced by Tb3+-fluoroquinolone (FQ) complex. The ECL intensity peak versus potential corresponds to oxidation of Na2SO3, and the ECL emission spectra (the peaks are at 490, 545, 585 and 620 nm) match the characteristic emission spectrum of Tb3+, indicating that the emission is from the excited state of Tb3+. The mechanism of ECL is proposed and the difference of ECL intensity between ENX system and OFLX system is explained. Conditions for ECL emission were optimized. The linear range of ECL intensity versus concentrations of pharmaceuticals is 2.0 × 10-10-8.0 × 10-7 mol l-1 for ENX and 6.0 × 10-10-6.0 × 10-7 mol l-1 for OFLX, respectively. A theoretical limit of detection is 5.4 × 10-11 mol l-1 for ENX and 1.6 × 10-10 mol l-1 for OFLX, respectively. The ECL was satisfactorily applied to the determination of the two FQs in dosage form and urine sample.

Ligand-sensitized fluorescence of Tb3+ in Tb3+-dibutylphosphate complexes: Application for the estimation of DBP

The fluorescence of Tb3+ is sensitized by complexation with dibutylphosphate (DBP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP). The excitation maximum for the Tb3+-DBP complex occurs at 218.5 nm, while that for the Tb3+-TBP complex is observed at 228.0 nm. Both complexes yield Tb3+ fluorescence at 548 nm. The difference in the excitation maxima for the two complexes has been used to advantage for the estimation of DBP in the presence of TBP. DBP is the main degradation product of TBP in the PUREX process and the method described in this work can thus serve as a useful analytical tool in monitoring the quality of the TBP in the process. This method has been shown to be applicable for the estimation of DBP when present to an extent of 0.1-10% of TBP, in TBP/dodecane solutions.

Observations on photochemical fluorescence enhancement of the terbium(III)-sparfloxacin system

Fluorescence of terbium(III) was sensitized when excited in the presence of sparfloxacin (SPFX) in the aqueous solution because a Tb(III)-SPFX complex was formed. The sensitized fluorescence was further enhanced when this system was exposed to 365 nm ultraviolet light. By the spectral properties and contrast experiments, it is proved that irradiation makes this system undergo photochemical reactions and a new terbium complex which is more favorable to the intramolecular energy transfer is formed. The mechanism of photochemical fluorescence enhancement of the Tb(III)-SPFX system is discussed and a new sensitive and selective photochemical fluorimetry for the determination of SPFX is established. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range is 1.0-50 × 10-7 M for SPFX, the detection limit is 3.0 × 10-9 M and the R.S.D. for 5.0 × 10-7 M SPFX is 1.3% (n = 9). Without any pretreatment the recovery of SPFX in human urine was determined with satisfaction.

THERMAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TbCl//3.

The specific heat of polycrystalline TbCl//3 was measured in the temperature range 1. 65 K less than T less than 100 K. Magnetization and susceptibility of TbCl//3 were determined on polycrystalline and single crystal samples between 1. 7 K less than T less than 350 K. Our experimental data show ferromagnetic order of TbCl//3 below T//c equals (3. 65 plus or minus 0. 03) K. The magnetic entropy S//m//a//g lost during ordering as calculated from the specific heat nearly corresponds to ln 2 indicating the ordering of a S equals one-half magnetic system. In the ordered state the magnetic moment orients along the crystallographic alpha -axis. The saturation moment is (8. 1 plus or minus 0. 1) mu //B. The critical parameters S//m//a//g(T//c) and T//c/ theta are determined and compared with theoretical calculations for 3D-Ising magnets. Our results are in best agreement with a previous neutron investigation performed by Murasik et al.

Preparation and characterization of rare earth orthoborates, LnBO 3 (Ln = Tb, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Y) and LaBO3:Gd, Tb, Eu by metathesis reaction: ESR of LaBO3:Gd and luminescence of LaBO3:Tb, Eu

Lanthanide orthoborates of composition LnBO3 (Ln = Tb, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Y) and LaBO3:Gd, Tb, Eu have been prepared by metathesis reaction. This method provides a convenient route for the synthesis of orthoborates and its solid solutions at low temperatures. Powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to characterize these borates. Rare earth borates, (LnBO3) are isomorphous with different forms of CaCO3 depending on the radius of rare earth ion. LaBO3, LaBO3:Gd, Tb, Eu, PrBO3, NdBO3 crystallized in aragonite structure, SmBO3 crystallized in H-form and TbBO 3, EuBO3, GdBO3, DyBO3, YBO 3 crystallized in vaterite structure. The structural analysis of TbBO3 was carried out. The morphology of these borates was obtained from Scanning electron microscopy. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters for Gd 3+ are deduced from room temperature electron spin resonance spectrum of LaBO3:Gd. The luminescence of LaBO3:Tb, Eu gave characteristics peaks corresponding to Tb3+, Eu3+ respectively.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state tartrates of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Solid state Ln2-L3 compounds, where Ln stands for heavy trivalent lanthanides (terbium to lutetium) and yttrium, and L is tartrate [(C4H4O6)-2] have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogra