102-62-5Relevant articles and documents
Activity and stability of polyaniline-sulfate-based solid acid catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of fatty acids with methanol
Zi?ba,Drelinkiewicz,Konyushenko,Stejskal
, p. 169 - 181 (2010)
A polymeric catalyst, polyaniline-sulfate, was studied in the transesterification of triglycerides (triacetin, castor oil) and esterification of fatty acid, ricinoleic acid with methanol at mild conditions (temperature of 50-60 °C). Polymer powder (PANI-S) and three samples of various contents of polymer deposited on carbon support were examined. The samples of catalysts, before and after catalytic tests were characterized by BET, FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques. The acid capacity was also determined. All the samples were found to be active solid acid catalysts in both tested reactions. Catalytic performance of polyaniline-sulfate-based catalysts for methanolysis of triacetin (glycerol triacetate) the shortest triglyceride molecule differed from that for vegetable oil, castor oil, consisting of long chain triglycerides of ricinoleic acid. In transesterification of triacetin PANI-S powder was more active than carbon-supported catalysts. In methanolysis of vegetable oil the outermost surface of catalysts was mainly involved and much higher activity was exhibited by carbon-supported catalysts with deposited polymer, especially with low content of polymer (13.1 wt.%). The activity of polyaniline-sulfate-based catalysts was almost stable during recycling use in tested reactions. After five successive catalytic runs, their activities were found to be ca. 80-95% relative to the activities of fresh catalysts.
Sulfonic acid functionalized deoxycellulose catalysts for glycerol acetylation to fuel additives
Kim, Inbae,Kim, Jaesung,Lee, Doohwan
, p. 31 - 37 (2014)
Various forms of sulfonic acid (SO3H) functionalized cellulose-based heterogeneous catalysts were prepared, and their properties on glycerol acetylation reactions to mono-, di-, and triacetin products were investigated. Superior catalytic activity and stability for the reactions was observed on SO3H-NDOC catalyst that is obtained by (i) crosslinking of the cellulose units with epichlorohydrin into a three-dimensionally-networked deoxycellulose-matrix and (ii) sulfonic acid functionalization on the crosslinked deoxycellulose support via CS atomic linkages (CSO3H). It was found that sulfonic acid functionalization via an ether type OS atomic linkage (COSO3H) or the direct utilization of the pristine cellulose support without a fortification by crosslinking led to significant deactivation of the catalysts by substantial acidity loss. The intrinsic glycerol conversion turnover rate on SO3H-NDOC was comparable to that of commercial Amberlyst-15 solid resin, demonstrating the effectiveness of this renewable cellulose-derived heterogeneous catalyst for glycerol acetylation to fuel additives.
Pheromone synthesis. Part 255: Synthesis and GC-MS analysis of pheromonal triacylglycerols of male Drosophila fruit flies
Mori, Kenji
, p. 5752 - 5762 (2014)
Pheromonal triacylglycerols and their analogs, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, and 3C, of male Drosophila fruit flies were synthesized and analyzed by GC-MS. Their GC retention times were found to be a reliable measure to analyze and identify these triacylglycerols with acetyl, oleoyl and tigloyl groups, although the stereo- and regioisomers of 1 (1A and 1B), 2 (2A and 2B), and 3 (3A, 3B, and 3C) could not be distinguished from each other by MS alone.
Lanthanum nanocluster/ZIF-8 for boosting catalytic CO2/glycerol conversion using MgCO3as a dehydrating agent
Hu, Chechia,Chang, Chien-Wei,Yoshida, Masaaki,Wang, Ke-Hsuan
, p. 7048 - 7058 (2021/03/29)
A lanthanum-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework (La/ZIF-8) was developed to produce glycerol carbonate using CO2and glycerol as raw materials. La/ZIF-8 provides a high catalytic glycerol conversion efficiency owing to its surface-attached nanoclusters of La2O3, which can be viewed as La3+-O2?pairs that strengthen the Lewis basicity and acidity, and the large specific surface area of ZIF-8. The catalytic glycerol conversion and the yield of glycerol carbonate were 46.5% and 35.3%, respectively, using CH3CN as a dehydrating agent. With increase in the amount of CH3CN, the water molecules could react with CH3CN to reduce the selectivity. When an inorganic dehydrating agent, MgCO3, was used to physically adsorb and remove water molecules in the reaction, the selectivity of the reaction could be increased to over 95%, which is the highest ever reported. Reaction kinetics analysis also revealed that the activation energy of using MgCO3(5.4 kJ mol?1) as a dehydrating agent is lower than that using CH3CN (7.8 kJ mol?1). Moreover, the La/ZIF-8 could be recycled and reused at least three times with high catalytic performance. This study provides an effective material with dual Lewis basicity and acidity for CO2/glycerol conversion and significantly improves the catalytic performance using an inorganic dehydrating agent.
Biodiesel Glycerin Valorization into Oxygenated Fuel Additives
Catarino, Mónica,Gomes Fonseca, Frederico,Gomes, Jo?o,Soares Dias, Ana Paula
, (2021/05/26)
Current industrial methods of biodiesel production lead to an excess of crude glycerin which requires costly purification before commercialization. Production of oxygenated fuel additives is a potential route for glycerin valorization. Glycerin acetylation was carried out over heterogeneous acid catalysts (15%, glycerol weight basis) using glacial acetic acid (molar ratio = 9). The catalysts, containing different amounts of phosphate species (P/Si from 10 to 20 atomic ratio), were prepared by wet impregnation of commercial silica with aqueous solutions of diammonium phosphate and ortho-phosphoric acid. X-ray diffraction patterns of calcined solids presented amorphous patterns like raw silica. The prepared catalysts presented, at 120?°C, glycerol conversion higher than 89.5% after 1?h of reaction, been diacetin the major product, with triacetin selectivities lower than 26.1%. Diacetin selectivity was found to be almost invariant with catalyst acidity thus underlining the relevance of catalyst porosity due to the large acetins molecules sizes. The slow rate of triacetin diffusion in narrow pores of catalyst might be responsible for the relatively low yield obtained. Surface phosphate species showed a slow rate of leaching in the reaction medium showing high catalyst stability. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
