102-76-1Relevant articles and documents
Selective esterification of glycerol to bioadditives over heteropoly tungstate supported on Cs-containing zirconia catalysts
Jagadeeswaraiah,Balaraju,Prasad, P.S. Sai,Lingaiah
, p. 166 - 170 (2010)
Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid was carried out over tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on Cs-containing zirconia. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by FT-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and temperature program desorption of NH 3. The catalysts exhibited more than 90% conversion within a short reaction time. The catalytic activity depends on the amount of exchangeable Cs with TPA on zirconia, which is in tern related to the acidity of the catalysts. The acidity of the catalysts varied with the presence of residual protons of TPA. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid, were studied and optimized reaction conditions are established.
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol into propyl acetate with ruthenium complexes
Xu, Zichen,Gong, Honghui,Chen, Manyu,Luo, Ruihan,Qian, Wei,Peng, Qingpo,Hou, Zhenshan
, (2019)
Ru complexes have been utilized as catalyst precursors for glycerol hydrogenolysis under mild conditions, which gave propyl acetate (PA) as a major product. Notably, the esterification reaction of acetic acid with glycerol can prevent glycerol from polymerization. In(OTf)3 played a critical role in facilitating esterification of glycerol and sequential dehydration, while the Ru complexes' function was hydrogenation. The promoter (FeCl3) can suppress the reduction of Ru complex to Ru particles, improving the catalytic performance. The present catalytic system can give full glycerol conversion and 57% yield of PA. Finally, the reaction pathway was proposed accordingly.
Synthesis of Triacetin and Evaluation on Motor
Lacerda, Claudia V.,Carvalho, Maria J.S.,Ratton, Alice R.,Soares, Itania P.,Borges, Luiz E.P.
, p. 1625 - 1631 (2015)
Triacetin (or glycerol triacetate) was obtained by acetylating the glycerol by-product of biodiesel production process. This procedure is an interesting alternative that follows the principles of green chemistry. In this work, triacetin was synthesized using reactions between glycerol and acetic acid, as well as glycerol and acetic anhydride, using homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysis. The goal is to use this product as an additive for biodiesel produced from palm oil, which is a fuel with physical properties that require improvement. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC). The reaction between glycerol and acetic anhydride was the most effective for obtaining the desired product, with an approximate selectivity of 98percent for triacetin. The triacetin was added to diesel fuel oil and biodiesel in proportions from 5 to 10percent v/v, and the mixtures were tested in an electrical generator. In the test, the engine showed no problems during operation, and incorporating the mixtures did not result in significant consumption. Small reductions were detected in CO, O2 and opacity, but no changes were observed in the emissions of NOx and CO2.
Optimization of N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]- trifluoroacetamide as a derivatization agent for determining isotopic enrichment of glycerol in very-low density lipoproteins
Adiels, Martin,Larsson, Thomas,Sutton, Pauline,Taskinen, Marja-Riitta,Boren, Jan,Fielding, Barbara A.
, p. 586 - 592 (2010)
Stable isotope kinetic studies play an important role in the study of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism, including basic and clinical research. Today, [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]glycerol is the most cost-effective alternative to measure glycerol and triglyceride kinetics. Recycling of glycerol from glycolysis and gluconeogenesis may lead to incompletely labelled tracer molecules. Many existing methods for the measurement of glycerol isotopic enrichment involve the production of glycerol derivatives that result in fragmentation of the glycerol molecule after ionization. It would be favourable to measure the intact tracer molecule since incompletely labelled tracer molecules may be measured as fully labelled. The number of methods available to measure the intact tracer in biological samples is limited. The aim of this project was to develop a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for glycerol enrichment that measures the intact glycerol backbone and is suitable for electron ionization (EI), which is widely available. A previously published method for N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) derivatization was signifi-cantly improved; we produced a stable derivative and increased recovery 27-fold in standards. We used the optimized MTBSTFA method in VLDL-triglyceride and found that further modification was required to take matrix effects into account. We now have a robust method to measure glycerol isotopic enrichment by GC/EI-MS that can be used to rule out the known problem of tracer recycling in studies of VLDL kinetics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and sustainable production of triacetin from the acetylation of glycerol using magnetic solid acid catalysts under mild conditions
Sun, Jinyan,Tong, Xinli,Yu, Linhao,Wan, Jun
, p. 115 - 122 (2016)
The efficient and selective acetylation of glycerol to produce triacetin is achieved using magnetic solid acids as catalysts. The Fe-based materials including Fe-Sn-Ti (OH)x, Fe-Sn-Ti(SO42-) and Fe-Sn-Ti(SO42-)-t (t represents the temperature for the heating treatment) were successfully prepared and employed in the acetylation of glycerol, respectively. As a result, 100% conversion and 99.0% selectivity for triacetin was obtained in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe-Sn-Ti(SO42-)-400 at 80 °C for 30 min, which exhibits higher catalytic activity than those of some molecular sieves. The magnetic catalytic materials were respectively characterized by XRD, IR, TG-DTG, BET and NH3-TPD techniques. Moreover, the effects of reaction temperature and reaction time in the glycerol acetylation are investigated in detail. Finally, based on the experimental results and reaction phenomena, a possible mechanism for the catalytic reaction is proposed.
Alternative carbon based acid catalyst for selective esterification of glycerol to acetylglycerols
Sánchez, Julián A.,Hernández, Diana L.,Moreno, Jorge A.,Mondragón, Fanor,Fernández, Jhon J.
, p. 55 - 60 (2011)
Carbon-based acid catalysts with porous structure were prepared by sulfonation of carbonized sucrose. The catalysts have an amorphous porous structure with a good acid capacity and high thermal stability. The catalytic activity was evaluated by the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. The sulfonated carbon catalysts showed that glycerol was completely transformed into a mixture of glycerol esters including a high selectivity of about 50% to triacetylglycerol (TAG).
Synthesis of bio-additives: Acetylation of glycerol over zirconia-based solid acid catalysts
Reddy, Padigapati S.,Sudarsanam, Putla,Raju, Gangadhara,Reddy, Benjaram M.
, p. 1224 - 1228 (2010)
Acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid was investigated over ZrO 2, TiO2-ZrO2, WOx/TiO 2-ZrO2 and MoOx/TiO2-ZrO2 solid acid catalysts to synthesize monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin having interesting applications as bio-additives for petroleum fuels. The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET surface area, ammonia-TPD and FT-Raman techniques. The effect of various parameters such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of acetic acid to glycerol, catalyst wt.% and time-on-stream were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. Among various catalysts investigated, the MoOx/TiO2-ZrO2 combination exhibited highest conversion ( ～ 100%) with best product selectivity, and a high time-on-stream stability.
Design of a highly active silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid catalyst for glycerol esterification with acetic acid
Zhu, Shanhui,Gao, Xiaoqing,Dong, Fang,Zhu, Yulei,Zheng, Hongyan,Li, Yongwang
, p. 155 - 163 (2013)
A series of highly active, selective, and stable silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid (AgPW) catalysts were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for bio-derived glycerol esterification with acetic acid to produce valuable biofuel additives. The structures, morphologies, acidities, and water tolerance of these samples were determined by FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM-EDX, FT-IR of pyridine adsorption, and H2O-TPD. Several typical acidic catalysts were also performed for comparison. Among them, partially silver-exchanged phosphotungstic acid (Ag1PW) presented exceptionally high activity, with 96.8% conversion within just 15 min of reaction time and remarkable stability, due to the unique Keggin structure, high acidity as well as outstanding water-tolerance property. A plausible reaction mechanism was also proposed. In addition, this Ag1PW catalyst exhibited universal significance for esterification, holding great potential for a wide range of other acid-catalyzed reactions.
SO42-/SnO2: Efficient, chemoselective, and reusable catalyst for acylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines at room temperature
Satam, Jitendra R.,Gawande, Manoj B.,Deshpande, Sameer S.,Jayaram, Radha V.
, p. 3011 - 3020 (2007)
SO42-/SnO2 was employed for the acylation of a variety of alcohols, phenols, and amines under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This method showed preferential selectivity for acetylation of the amino group in the presence of a hydroxyl group. The reported method is simple, mild, and environmentally viable, using several other acid anhydrides at room temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Heteropolyanion-based ionic liquids: Reaction-induced self-separation catalysts for esterification
Leng, Yan,Wang, Jun,Zhu, Dunru,Ren, Xiaoqian,Ge, Hanqing,Shen, Lei
, p. 168 - 171 (2009)
(Figure Presented) It comes out in the wash: In the esterification of citric acid with n-butanol, heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid (IL) catalysts show high catalytic activity, self-separation, and easy reuse. The good solubility in reactants, nonmiscibility with ester product, and high melting point of the IL catalysts enable the reaction-induced switching from homogeneous (b in the picture) to heterogeneous (c) with subsequent precipitation of the catalyst (d).
