110-64-5

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
2-Butene-1,4-diol is used as a pharmaceutical ingredient for its ability to act as a humectant, which helps retain moisture in the body. It is also used in the production of various drugs, including vitamin B.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
2-Butene-1,4-diol is used as a raw material for the synthesis of agricultural chemicals and pesticides, such as endosulfan. Its chemical properties make it suitable for use in the formulation of these products, which are essential for protecting crops from pests and diseases.
Used in Cosmetics and Personal Care Industry:
2-Butene-1,4-diol is used as a moisturizing agent in cosmetics and personal care products due to its humectant properties. It helps to maintain the skin's natural moisture balance, providing hydration and improving skin texture.
Used in Food and Beverage Industry:
2-Butene-1,4-diol is used as a humectant and emulsifier in the food and beverage industry. It helps to maintain the texture and consistency of various products, such as candies, baked goods, and beverages.
Used in Industrial Chemicals:
2-Butene-1,4-diol is used as an intermediate in the production of various industrial chemicals, including resins, plastics, and other synthetic materials. Its versatility as a chemical building block makes it a valuable component in the synthesis of a wide range of products.

Reactivity Profile

2-Butene-1,4-diol forms furan (narcotic)when treated with dichromate in acidic solution.Dehydration of the cis-isomer overacid catalysts yields 2,5-dihydrofuran (narcotic).Halogens form substitution or additionproducts, 4-halobutenols, or 2,3-dihalo-1,4-butanediol. These are toxic compounds.Ammonia or amine form pyrroline or itsderivatives (moderately toxic).

Health Hazard

2-Butene-1,4-diol is a depressant of the Centralnervous system. Inhalation toxicity isvery low due to its low vapor pressure. Theoral LD50 value in rats and guinea pigs is1.25 mL/kg. It is a primary skin irritant.

Fire Hazard

Noncombustible liquid; flash point (open cup) 128°C.

InChI:InChI=1/2C4H8O2/c2*5-3-1-2-4-6/h2*1-2,5-6H,3-4H2/b2-1+;2-1-

Upstream product

• 6974-12-5 1,4-dibromo-2-butene 
• 930-22-3 epoxybutene 
• 87-69-4 L-Tartaric acid 
• 29619-56-5 2-Buten-1,4-diol-diformat 
• 110-65-6 1,4-dihydroxybut-2-yne 
• 107-18-6 allyl alcohol 
• 106-99-0 buta-1,3-diene 
• 909878-64-4 meso-erythritol 
• 2363-83-9 ethylene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde 
• 108-31-6 maleic anhydride 
• 872-05-9 1-Decene 
• 764-41-0 1,4-dichloro-2-butene 
• 62249-80-3 (S)-(+)-3,4-epoxy-1-butene 
• 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 

Downstream Products

• 19311-38-7 3-chlorotetrahydrofuran 
• 1708-29-8 2,5-dihydrofuran 
• 21485-51-8 2,5-Divinyl-[1,4]dioxan 
• 20163-90-0 2,3-dibromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butane 
• 110-16-7 maleic acid 
• 69813-38-3 2-phenyl-5,6-dehydro-1,3,2-dioxaphosphepane 
• 114809-55-1 1,4-bis<(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy>but-2-ene 
• 4440-87-3 cis-2,3-epoxy-1,4-butanediol 
• 27977-16-8 trans-1-hydroxy-4-acetoxy-2-butene 
• 1576-98-3 1,4-diacetoxybut-2-ene 
• 174583-24-5 1-benzyl-2-(4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepin-2-yl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole 
• 57302-79-1 (3-hydroxymethyl-oxiranyl)-methanol 
• 497-06-3 3,4-butenediol 
• 69152-88-1 4-(benzyloxy)-2-buten-1-ol 

Related news

Highly efficient and diastereoselective synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidines featuring a palladium-catalyzed cyclization reaction of 2-Butene-1,4-diol (cas 110-64-5) derivatives and imines08/29/2019

A palladium-catalyzed protocol for effective synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidines has been reported. This method is featured by the high diastereoselectivity (dr up to >98/2) and using the readily available 2-butene-1,4-diol derivatives and imines as substrates.detailed

Liquid phase hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol and 2-Butene-1,4-diol (cas 110-64-5) isomers over Pd catalysts: roles of solvent, support and proton on activity and products distribution08/22/2019

Hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol has been investigated over palladium supported catalysts. It was found that, besides butane-1,4-diol, side products such as cis- and trans-2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, cis- and trans-crotyl alcohol and n-butanol were also formed. The hydrogenati...detailed

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Towards Sustainable Catalysis – Highly Efficient Olefin Metathesis in Protic Media Using Phase Labelled Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene (CAAC) Ruthenium Catalysts

New generations of Hoveyda and bis-carbene type of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts (10 and 12), containing cationic cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands, have been synthetized. The catalysts show exceptional stability and activity in environmentally benign, protic media. Various olefin metatheses reactions of OH functionalized feedstock (e. g. RCM, ROMP CM) can be carried out at as low as 0.05 mol % catalyst loading in methanol, isopropanol, water or methanol/water solvent mixture, accomplishing the lowest applied catalyst loading reported so far in these media. The facile olefin metathesis of renewable feedstocks including phospholipids (23) and vegetable oils (20) in protic media has also been demonstrated.

Ultra-Small Platinum Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Selectivity Synthesized by an Eco-friendly Method Supported on Natural Hydroxyapatite

Abstract: The biosynthesis of Pt-nanoparticles (Pt NPs) supported on bovine bone powder was conducted by an environmentally friendly method that consists on immersing bovine bone powder into a Pt4+ metal ion solution at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and subsequent reduction by Heterotheca inuloides. It is worth pointing out that a calcination process is not required for the synthesis of this catalyst by the method reported herein. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed uniformly dispersed platinum nanoparticles with quasi-spherical form and average particle size of 7.1?nm. The XPS studies exhibited the presence of 47.62% Pt° and 51.84% PtO. The catalyst activity was tested in the selective hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol towards 2-butene-1,4-diol. The nanocomposite exhibits a reasonable catalytic performance with nearly 100% conversion of the alkyne and 96% selectivity towards 2-butene-1,4-diol. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Continuous flow olefin metathesis using a multijet oscillating disk reactor as the reaction platform

The multijet oscillating disk (MJOD) flow reactor is a relatively new technology for continuous flow synthesis. This technology is still under investigation as an all-round platform for flow synthesis. In this article, findings are disclosed from a project where a MJOD flow reactor rig (reactor volume of ≈50 mL) was investigated as the reaction platform for ring closing metathesis and cross (self) metathesis reaction, using reaction mixture volumes down to only ≈5 mL. The Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst was used without an inert atmosphere. The results of the flow synthesis provided excellent selectivity and high yield. For comparison purposes, the syntheses conducted in the MJOD reactor were compared with similar literature experiments performed with other flow technologies and batch conditions.

Ammonium-tagged ruthenium-based catalysts for olefin metathesis in aqueous media under ultrasound and microwave irradiation

The influence of microwave and ultrasonic irradiation on the performance of ammonium-tagged Ru-based catalysts in olefin metathesis transformations in aqueous media was studied. Differences in the catalytic activity in correlation with the nature of the present counter ion and the size of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were revealed. The presented methodology allows for preparation of a variety of polar and non-polar metathesis products under environmentally friendly conditions.

A solid-supported phosphine-free ruthenium alkylidene for olefin metathesis in methanol and water.

The synthesis and olefin metathesis activity in protic solvents of 7, a phosphine-free ruthenium alkylidene bound to a hydrophilic solid support are reported. This heterogeneous catalyst promotes relatively efficient ring closing- and cross-metathesis reactions in both methanol and water. The potential utility of homogeneous catalyst 2 for olefin metathesis in methanol is also demonstrated.

Photovoltaic-driven organic electrosynthesis and efforts toward more sustainable oxidation reactions

The combination of visible light, photovoltaics, and electrochemistry provides a convenient, inexpensive platform for conducting a wide variety of sustainable oxidation reactions. The approach presented in this article is compatible with both direct and indirect oxidation reactions, avoids the need for a stoichiometric oxidant, and leads to hydrogen gas as the only byproduct from the corresponding reduction reaction.

The influence of nickel loading on the structure and performance of a Ni-Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to produce 1,4-butenediol

In combination with a planetary ball-milling machine, a Ni-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by a mechanochemical method. The effect of Ni loading on the crystal structure, reduction characteristics, and hydrogenation performance of the Ni-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterized using EDX, XRD, H2-TPR, BET, TEM and NH3-TPD methods. The results of the XRD characterization showed that the peak intensity of the active Ni component increased with an increase in the Ni content. The ratio of the measured Ni content to the theoretical Ni content of the MC25percent and MC30percent samples exceeded 1.1. As the Ni addition was increased up to 10percent, the sample consisted of uniform spherical particles, which could provide more contact surfaces. The medium acid peak temperature shifts towards the high temperature direction as the Ni loading increased from 5percent to 20percent, and then (>20percent) decreased to a lower temperature. The corresponding peak area firstly increased and then decreased, presenting a visual representation of changes in the number of acid centers on the catalyst. Evaluation of the results showed that the MC20percent catalyst presented a large specific surface area of 279 m2 g-1, and it showed good hydrogenation performance, with a BYD conversion of 25.0percent, BED selectivity of 89.3percent, and BED yield of 22.3percent.

The stereochemistry of solvolysis of an acyclic allylic epoxide

In contrast to solvolysis of cyclic allylic epoxides, the acid-catalyzed solvolyses of optically pure 1,2-epoxy-3-butene using water or alcohols show a high degree of inversion stereoselectivity.

Sunlight, electrochemistry, and sustainable oxidation reactions

Inexpensive, readily available photovoltaic cells have been used to conduct indirect electrochemical oxidation reactions. The reactions retain the efficiency of the solar-electrochemical method while capitalizing on the unique opportunities for selectivity afforded by a chemical oxidant. The versatility of the electrochemical method allowed for the recycling of Os(viii)-, TEMPO-, Ce(iv)-, Pd(ii)-, Ru(viii)-, and Mn(v)-oxidants all with the same very simple reaction apparatus.

Highly selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes with a Pd nanocatalyst modified with sulfide-based solid-phase ligands

Soluble small molecular/polymeric ligands are often used in Pd-catalyzed semi-hydrogenation of alkynes as an efficient strategy to improve the selectivity of targeted alkene products. The use of soluble ligands requires their thorough removal from the reaction products, which adds significant extra costs. In the paper, commercially available, inexpensive, metallic sulfide-based solid-phase ligands (SPL8-4 and SPL8-6) are demonstrated as simple yet high-performance insoluble ligands for a heterogeneous Pd nanocatalyst (Pd@CaCO3) toward the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. Based on the reactions with a range of terminal and internal alkyne substrates, the use of the solid-phase ligands has been shown to markedly enhance the selectivity of the desired alkene products by efficiently suppressing over-hydrogenation and isomerization side reactions, even during the long extension of the reactions following full substrate conversion. A proper increase in the dosage or a reduction in the average size of the solid-phase ligands enhances such effects. With their insoluble nature, the solid-phase ligands have the distinct advantage in their simple, convenient recycling and reuse while without contaminating the products. A ten-cycle reusability test with the SPL8-4/Pd@CaCO3 catalyst system confirms its well-maintained activity and selectivity over repeated uses. A mechanistic study with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the solid-phase ligands have electronic interactions with Pd in the supported catalyst, contributing to inhibit the binding and further reaction of the alkene products. This is the first demonstration of solid-phase ligands for highly selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes, which show strong promise for commercial applications.