1594-86-1

Upstream product

• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 65-85-0 benzoic acid 
• 94-36-0 dibenzoyl peroxide 
• 108-31-6 maleic anhydride 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 28557-00-8 phenylzinc chloride 
• 93-58-3 benzoic acid methyl ester 
• 693-03-8 n-butyl magnesium bromide 
• 75-44-5 phosgene 
• 92-66-0 4-bromo-1,1'-biphenyl 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 119-61-9 benzophenone 
• 3003-04-1 thallium(III) triphenyl 
• 15719-64-9 methylammonium carbonate 

Downstream Products

• 14584-23-7 4,4'-dipropylbiphenyl 
• 10289-45-9 4-propyl-1,1'-biphenyl 
• 3478-90-8 4,4'-diphenylbenzophenone 
• 81937-29-3 4,4'-Dicyclohexyl-biphenyl 
• 860563-96-8 4-dimethylamino-4'-phenyl-benzophenone 
• 82941-04-6 biphenyl-4-yl-[2]furyl ketone 
• 34715-95-2 (1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl-2-thienylmethanone 
• 92688-34-1 3,3-di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one 
• 26892-90-0 ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylate 
• 70271-77-1 6-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 
• 73987-37-8 8-chloro-4-hydroxy-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 
• 103514-53-0 6-nitro-4-hydroxy-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethylester 
• 1625-92-9 4-tert-butylbiphenyl 
• 3901-32-4 bis(4-biphenylyl)methane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Catalysis of the Suzuki reaction by acyclic diaminocarbene palladium complexes generated in situ

Acyclic diaminocarbene palladium complexes generated in situ by nucleophilic attack of morpholine, 4-nitrophenylhydrazine, or benzhydrazide on bis(isocyanide) palladium(II) complexes catalyzed the Suzuki reaction of 4-iodo- or 4-bromoanisole with phenylboronic acid. Morpholine turned out to be the best catalyst modifier. The cross coupling reaction under fairly mild conditions (reflux in ethanol in the presence of potassium carbonate) in 2 h afforded 4-methoxybiphenyl whose yield was insignificantly lower than in the presence of preliminarily prepared catalyst. Neither preliminary degassing nor protection from atmospheric moisture and oxygen was necessary.

Nitrous oxide-dependent iron-catalyzed coupling reactions of grignard reagents

The formation of carbon-carbon bonds is one of the fundamental transformations in chemistry. In this regard the application of palladium-based catalysts has been extensively investigated during recent years, but nowadays research focuses on iron catalysis, due to sustainability, costs and toxicity issues; hence numerous examples for iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been established, based on the coupling of electrophiles (R1-X, X = halide) with nucleophiles (R2-MgX). Only a small number of protocols deals with the iron-catalyzed oxidative coupling of nucleophiles (R1-MgX + R2-MgX) with the aid of oxidants (1,2-dihaloethanes). However, some issues arise with these oxidants; hence more recently the potential of the industrial waste product nitrous oxide (N2O) was investigated, because the unproblematic side product N2 is formed. Based on that, we demonstrate the catalytic potential of easily accessible iron complexes in the oxidative coupling of Grignard reagents. Importantly, nitrous oxide was essential to obtain yields up to 99% at mild conditions (e.g. 1 atm, ambient temperature) and low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol%) Excellent catalyst performance is realized with turnover numbers of up to 1000 and turnover frequencies of up to 12000 h-1. Moreover, a good functional group tolerance is observed (e.g. amide, ester, nitrile, alkene, alkyne). Afterwards the reaction of different Grignard reagents revealed interesting results with respect to the selectivity of cross-coupling product formation.

Direct Synthesis of TiO2-Supported MoS2 Nanoparticles by Reductive Coprecipitation

Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles supported on titania were synthesized from aqueous solutions containing Ti and Mo precursor salts by an in situ redox reaction. The synthesis involves a redox process between Ti3+ and MoS42-, which proceeds readily under mild conditions in aqueous solution. Catalysts were made in a single step, yielding amorphous catalysts with high Mo content, or in two steps to obtain MoS2 supported on well-defined TiO2 with lower Mo content. Catalysts obtained by single-step reductive coprecipitation were highly active in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, exceeding the activity of an alumina-supported Co-Mo reference. In contrast to alumina-supported catalysts, the addition of Co as promoter did not enhance the catalytic activity of MoS2/TiO2 to the same extent (+30 %) as for alumina-supported Co-Mo catalysts. Instead, a change in selectivity towards hydrogenolysis products at the expense of hydrogenation products was observed. It is suggested that Ti may act as a promoter for MoS2 in hydrogenation reactions.

Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over PtMo/MCM-48 catalysts

Catalysts of platinum and molybdenum supported on MCM-48 materials were synthesized and characterized by XRD, XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption. Catalytic activity was evaluated in the model reaction of hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Catalytic results showed high catalytic performance of ca. 95% for PtMo/MCM-48 catalyst with the formation of biphenyl (BP) as the main product, typical from direct hydrodesulfurization (DDS) pathway and ciclohexylbenzene (CHB) in a minor proportion from the hydrogenation prior to the desulfurization pathway.

Sacrificial carbonaceous coating over alumina supported Ni-MoS2 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization

Recent results have evidenced that carbon plays an important role in stabilizing the structure of the active phase in catalysts. In this work, carbon-coated alumina was prepared by applying polydopamine (PDA) as a sacrificial carbon source to modify the surface properties of γ-alumina, which then was used as a support to prepare supported NiMo catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited limited hydrodesulfurization performances due to their strong metal-support interaction. Herein, we report an unexpected phenomenon that sacrificial carbon layers can be constructed on the surface of the Al2O3 support from the carbonization of polydopamine (PDA) and mediated the interaction between the active site and support. Through the removal of carbon layers and sulfidation, the resulting NiMo catalysts exhibit excellent performance for HDS reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT), which is associated with adequate loading of residual carbon species, leading to an enhanced amount of active species under sulfidation conditions. Moreover, the facile synthetic strategy can be extended to the stabilization of the active phase on a broad range of supports, providing a general approach for improving the metal-support interaction supported nanocatalysts.

Tandem one-pot palladium-catalyzed reductive and oxidative coupling of benzene and chlorobenzene

The in situ combination of oxidative coupling of benzene to biphenyl and reductive coupling of chlorobenzene (also to biphenyl) using palladium catalysts (Pd2+/Pd0) is described. In each cycle, the reductive process regenerates the catalyst for the oxidative process and vice versa. Kinetic investigations show that the reaction rate depends on [C6H6], [C6H6Cl], and catalyst loading, with E(a) = 13 kcal mol-1. The reduced palladium catalyst undergoes deactivation through aggregation and precipitation, but it is observed that during this deactivation process the Pd0 becomes an active catalyst for the reductive coupling of chlorobenzene. Accordingly, while Pd0/C particles are inactive, Pd0 colloids do catalyze the tandem reaction. Conversion is increased in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, presumably due to stabilization of the active Pd0 clusters. The two halves of the catalytic cycle are examined in the light of previous research, regarding analogous oxidative and reductive coupling reactions, using stoichiometric amounts of PdCl2 and Pd0, respectively. The roles of homogeneous PdCl2 and Pd0 clusters are discussed.

Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular 1,2-Aryl Migration of Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs)

Intramolecular 1,2-Dipp migration of seven mesoionic carbenes (iMICAr) 2 a–g (iMICAr=ArC{N(Dipp)}2CHC; Ar=aryl; Dipp=2,6-iPr2C6H3) under nickel catalysis to give 1,3-imidazoles (IMDAr) 3 a–g (IMDAr=ArC{N(Dipp)CHC(Dipp)N}) has been reported. The formation of 3 indicates the cleavage of an N?CDipp bond and the subsequent formation of a C?CDipp bond in 2, which is unprecedented in NHC chemistry. The use of 3 in accessing super-iMICs (5) (S-iMIC=ArC{N(Dipp)N(Me)C(Dipp)}C) has been shown with selenium (6), gold (7), and palladium (8) compounds. The quantification of the stereoelectronic properties reveals the superior σ-donor strength of 5 compared to that of classical NHCs. Remarkably, the percentage buried volume of 5 (%Vbur=45) is the largest known amongst thus far reported iMICs. Catalytic studies show a remarkable activity of 5, which is consistent with their auspicious stereoelectronic features.

N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized palladium nanoclusters as catalyst for Migita-Kosugi-Stille cross-coupling reactions

N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized palladium nanoclusters showed high catalytic activity for Migita-Kosugi-Stille cross-coupling reactions. The present cross-coupling reaction proceeded efficiently using very small Pd catalyst loadings under ligandless, and even an open air, conditions. The reactions proceeded smoothly in good yields and with high turnover numbers of up to 3.5 × 104.

LiCl-Accelerated Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Tosylates with the Aryl Grignard Reagents

A mild coupling reaction catalyzed by Ni(acac)2-L4 has been studied. The catalyst acts efficiently in the reaction of biaryl coupling between various electrophiles and common or functionalized aryl Grignard reagents with high functional group tolerance. The study demonstrates that LiCl acts as an essential component in efficient cross-coupling by accelerating reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0). The new catalytic system for selective couplings of aryl tosylates with aryl chlorides has been developed.

Electrosynthesis of functionalized organodizinc compounds from aromatic dihalides via a cobalt catalysis in acetonitrile/pyridine as solvent

Electroreduction of aryl-dichlorides or -dibromides in an electrochemical cell fitted with a sacrificial zinc anode and in the presence of cobalt halides as catalyst in acetonitrile/pyridine as solvent affords the corresponding organodizinc species in moderate to excellent yields with high selectivity.