21884-26-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Plastic Production:
Isopropyl 4-oxovalerate is used as a chemical intermediate for the production of certain types of plastic. Its unique properties contribute to the development of specific plastic materials with desired characteristics.
Used in Pharmaceutical Production:
Isopropyl 4-oxovalerate is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Its presence in the production process aids in the creation of medications with specific therapeutic effects.
Used in Flavor Industry:
Isopropyl 4-oxovalerate is used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry. Its naturally occurring presence in fruits like raspberries and strawberries lends a familiar and appealing taste to various products.
Used in Environmental Monitoring:
Due to its potential environmental hazard and harmful effects on aquatic life, isopropyl 4-oxovalerate is also used as a marker in environmental monitoring studies. This helps in assessing the impact of industrial activities on aquatic ecosystems and implementing necessary protective measures.

InChI:InChI=1/C8H14O3/c1-6(2)11-8(10)5-4-7(3)9/h6H,4-5H2,1-3H3

Upstream product

• 98-00-0 (2-furyl)methyl alcohol 
• 67-63-0 isopropyl alcohol 
• 123-76-2 levulinic acid 
• 57-50-1 Sucrose 
• 37112-31-5 levoglucosenone 
• 591-12-8 5-methyl-2-furanone 
• 539-88-8 4-oxopentanoic acid ethyl ester 
• 6347-01-9 fructopyranose 
• 50-99-7 glucose 
• 3128-06-1 5-ketohexanoic acid 
• 57-48-7 D-Fructose 
• 9004-34-6 cellulose 
• 98-01-1 furfural 
• 6270-56-0 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan 

Downstream Products

• 108984-97-0 (2-methyl-5-phenyl-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid isopropyl ester 
• 58917-25-2 (R)-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 
• 19041-15-7 (S)-γ-valerolactone 
• 6306-05-4 (2-methyl-5-phenyl-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid 
• 102025-19-4 (2-methyl-5-phenyl-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid amide 
• 108-29-2 γ-valerolactone 
• 108-29-2 5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 
• 52786-03-5 4,4-Bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentanoic acid isopropyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Conformal sulfated zirconia monolayer catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of ethyl levulinate from glucose

Here we describe a simple route to creating conformal sulphated zirconia monolayers throughout an SBA-15 architecture that confers efficient acid-catalysed one-pot conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate.

Humins with Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption: A By-Product of Furfural Conversion to Isopropyl Levulinate via a Tandem Catalytic Reaction in One-Pot

Both one-pot catalytic conversion of furfural (FAL) to isopropyl levulinate (PL) and carbonization of by-product (humins) for electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, which provides inspiration that humins can be applied to electromagnetic wave absorption. In the former, phosphotungstic acid (PW) is employed as a homogeneous catalyst to convert FAL to PL via a tandem reaction in one pot, with the formation of a vast amount of humins. With FAL and various intermediates as substrates, it was found that humins was a polymerization product of FAL, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and furfuryl ester (FE) with furan rings. In addition, the in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra also provided a basis for the proposed reaction route. In the latter, with the humins as raw material, P species and WO3 doped nano-porous carbon (Humins-700) platform formed after high-temperature annealing is used for electromagnetic wave absorption and manifests desirable absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is ?47.3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2–5.7 GHz).

Porous iron-phosphonate nanomaterial as an efficient catalyst for the CO2 fixation at atmospheric pressure and esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid

Chemical fixation of CO2 and synthesis of biofuels through convenient reaction pathways are very demanding in the context of sustainable and eco-friendly catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of iron-phosphonate nanoparticles HPFP-1(NP) through the simple chemical reaction between hexamethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(methylphosphonic acid) and FeCl3 under hydrothermal conditions. The material has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), N2 adsorption/desorption studies and FE-SEM. This porous material showed high catalytic activity for the synthesis of organic carbonates from a wide range of epoxides at room temperature in the presence of CO2 at atmospheric pressure. This nanocatalyst also exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the conversion of levulinic acid into alkyl levulinates. The HPFP-1(NP) catalyst showed high recycling efficiency in these catalytic reactions.

Evaluation of the ZrO2/Al2O3 system as catalysts in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to obtain furfuryl alcohol

ZrO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2/Al2O3 with different Zr/Al molar ratio, have been synthesized by coprecipitation and subsequent calcination. The resulting catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, CO2-thermoprogrammed desorption, NH3-thermoprogrammed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, the catalysts were evaluated in the Meenwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of furfural (FUR) using 2-propanol as sacrificing alcohol. The catalyst with a Zr/Al molar ratio of 1, Zr5Al5, reached the highest conversion value at shorter reaction times, attaining a FUR conversion of 95 % with a yield of furfuryl alcohol (FOL) above 90 % after 5 h of reaction at 130 °C, due to its greater amount of acid sites, as well as higher specific surface area and pore volume.

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone Over Ni Supported on Equilibrium Fluid-Catalytic-Cracking Catalysts

Nickel supported on equilibrium fluid-catalytic-cracking catalysts (Ni/E-cats) were prepared by a simple grinding-pyrolysis method and employed for the transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). 96.2% selectivity of GVL and 90.3% conversion of EL were obtained at 180?°C for 6?h over 30-Ni/E-cat. Through XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, NH3-TPD and SEM analysis, the high activity of the 30-Ni/E-cat catalyst was attributed to its dispersed Ni metal active centers and available acidic sites. Catalytic probe test revealed that metal and acid sites of Ni/E-cat played a synergistic catalytic role in the synthesis of GVL in 2-propanol, where Ni metal sites contribute to the hydrogenation of ketone group in EL, and acid sites of E-cat promoted the lactonization of intermediate ethyl- or isopropyl 4-hydroxyvalerate. Two reaction pathways and synergistic mechanism were proposed in this catalytic system. Moreover, Ni/E-cat catalyst exhibited good stability up to four cycles without obvious loss of catalytic activity. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Efficient Conversion of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone over Polyoxometalate@Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: The Synergistic Effect of Bro?nsted and Lewis Acidic Sites

Catalytic transformation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (γ-GVL) is an important route for biomass upgradation. Because both Bro?nsted and Lewis acidic sites are required in the cascade reaction, herein we fabricate a series of H3PW12O40@Zr-based metal-organic framework (HPW@MOF-808) by a facile impregnation method. The synthesized HPW@MOF-808 is active for the conversion of LA to γ-GVL using isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. Interestingly, with the increase in the HPW loading amount, the yield of γ-GVL increases first and then decreases, and 14%-HPW@MOF-808 gave the highest γ-GVL yield (86%). The excellent catalytic performance was ascribed to the synergistic effect between the accessible Lewis acidic Zr4+ sites in MOF-808 and Bro?nsted acidic HPW sites. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed: the Zr4+ sites catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl groups and the HPW clusters promote the esterification of LA with isopropanol and lactonization to afford γ-GVL. Moreover, HPW@MOF-808 is resistant to leaching and can be reused for five cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activity.

The transfer hydrogenation of high concentration levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by glucose phosphate carbamide zirconium

Zr-Based catalysts have been extensively applied in Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley type catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions, but they are easily deactivated in the CTH conversion of high concentrations of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (γ-GVL). This work discloses that by using cheap glucose and ZrCl4as two main raw materials, glucose phosphate carbamide zirconium (GluPC-Zr) is easily synthesized at large scale and low costviaa simple two-step conversion. The constructed GluPC-Zr has enhanced Lewis acid-base properties and good porosity, thus exhibiting outstanding activity for the CTH reactions of LA or its esters with isopropanol (IPA), providing 95-98% γ-GVL yields. Because of the excellent esterification performance of the introduced acidic phosphate groups, GluPC-Zr also works well at high LA concentrations, achieving a much higher turnover frequency (TOF, 8.2 mmol γ-GVL per g catalyst per h) than previously reported Zr-based catalysts (TOF, 0.2-2.4). And it shows excellent reusability in the reaction of LA with IPA, still providingca.95% γ-GVL yield after the seventh cycle run. This work provides a preferential esterification strategy for LA to hamper catalyst deactivation, which is of special significance for the large-scale production of γ-GVL from biomass-derived LA and a low-cost GluPC-Zr catalyst.

Efficient alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by 5-sulfosalicylic acid

It is urgent to study the utilization of biomass energy to solve the environmental problems caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels. In this study, a rapid and efficient route for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) into n-butyl levulinate (BL) has been catalyzed by 5-sulfosalicylic acid. The nearly complete conversion of FA and a considerable 99.7% selectivity of BL are obtained under the optimal conditions. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the alcoholysis of FA is proposed. The present study provided a promising way for alkyl levulinates synthesis over economical and environmentally benign catalysts.

Eco-Friendly Natural Clay: Montmorillonite Modified with Nickel or Ruthenium as an Effective Catalyst in Gamma-Valerolactone Synthesis

Ni/Ru metals supported on cheap and available support montmorillonite K10 were used for the selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. Different loadings of the metals were applied by the impregnation method, and detailed characterization was performed (UV–VIS, XRD, TPR, TPD, particle size distribution, SEM, XRF). Metals’ homogeneous distribution on the surface was confirmed. The selectivity to the desired product was almost independent on the used material. A detailed study of the influence of solvents on the studied reaction was also performed—protic alcohol-based solvents caused the formation of levulinic and valeric acid esters in the reaction mixture. The selectivity was influenced mainly by the alcohol structure (the highest selectivity obtained using isopropyl alcohol and sec-butanol). Mainly the solvent’s donor number (except ethanol) influenced the reaction rate. The prepared catalysts are promising, available, and cheap materials for the studied reaction. Solvent may significantly influence the yield of γ-valerolactone. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Esterification of levulinic acid over Sn(II) exchanged Keggin heteropolyacid salts: An efficient route to obtain bioaditives

In this paper, we describe a process to add value to the biomass derivatives (i.e., levulinic acid), converting it to bioadditives over solid Sn(II) exchanged Keggin heteropolyacid salts. These solid catalysts are an attractive alternative to the traditional soluble and corrosive Br?nsted acid catalysts. Among Sn(II) heteropoly salts, the Sn1.5PW12O40 was the most active and selective catalyst, achieving high conversions (ca. 90 %) and selectivity (90–97 %) for alkyl esters and angelica lactone, the main reaction products. The impacts of the main reaction parameters (i.e., catalyst load, temperature, and the molar ratio of alcohol to acid) were investigated. The use of renewable raw material, and an efficient and recyclable catalyst are the main positive features of this process. The Sn1.5PW12O40 catalyst was easily recovered and reused without loss activity.