6270-56-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Utilization of renewable resources: Investigation on role of active sites in zeolite catalyst for transformation of furfuryl alcohol into alkyl levulinate
Vaishnavi,Sujith,Kulal, Nagendra,Manjunathan, Pandian,Shanbhag, Ganapati V.
, (2021/01/18)
A bio-derived furfuryl alcohol transformation into various high-value chemicals is a growing field of interest among researchers. This study reports an exclusive investigation of the porosity and active sites responsible for the efficient alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinate by the aid of zeolite catalyst. Alkyl levulinate is a promising platform chemical potentially used as a fuel additive and also for the production of chemicals. A detailed study using well-characterized HZSM-5 catalyst on the influence of acidity and post synthesis modification like desilication, dealumination, metal ion exchange and phosphate modification revealed the most desired type of acid sites required to catalyze this reaction. Among the HZSM-5 catalysts tested, HZSM-5 (SAR 95) showed the best performance of ≥ 99 % furfuryl alcohol conversion and 85 % butyl levulinate selectivity under optimum conditions. The catalyst exhibited good recyclability additionally addressing all the challenges reported in the previous literature fulfilling the green chemistry principles.
The selective conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate over Zr-modified tungstophosphoric acid supported on β-zeolites
Yogita,Rao, B. Srinivasa,Subrahmanyam, Ch.,Lingaiah
, p. 3224 - 3233 (2021/02/26)
Catalysts of zirconium-exchanged proton-containing tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on β-zeolites were prepared by an impregnation method for the selective alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol into ethyl levulinate. The prepared catalysts were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated the existence of a Keggin ion structure of TPA after its modification with Zr ions and successive dispersion on β-zeolites. The introduction of Zr in TPA generated Lewis acidic sites in the catalyst. Pyridine-adsorbed FT-IR confirmed the presence of both Br?nsted and Lewis acidic sites in catalysts. The catalytic activity for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol depends on the strength of both Br?nsted and Lewis acids of the catalyst. Among these catalysts, 20%Zr0.75TPA/β-zeolite was active for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with a 96% yield of ethyl levulinate. Optimal conditions were established to obtain maximum yield. A plausible reaction mechanism was also proposed. The catalyst was reused without any appreciable loss of activity.
Etherification of biomass-derived furanyl alcohols with aliphatic alcohols over silica-supported nickel phosphide catalysts: Effect of surplus P species on the acidity
Kim, Jinsung,Shin, Mi,Suh, Young-Woong
, (2020/08/05)
The acidity of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts plays a crucial role in producing a desired hydrodeoxygenation molecule from biomass-derived substrates; yet, it has never been explored in acid-catalyzed reactions. Herein, we demonstrated the activity of silica-supported Ni2P catalyst prepared with the nominal P/Ni ratio of 2 (Ni2P/SiO2-2P) in the etherification of furanyl alcohols (particularly, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural) with aliphatic alcohols including ethanol. By comparing the characteristics of Ni/SiO2, PxOy/SiO2, and Ni2P/SiO2-xP (x = 0.5 and 1), Ni2P/SiO2-2P was revealed to contain the Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites of which both contributed to the etherification reaction. Notably, the Br?nsted acidity was associated with the surplus P species added to produce the Ni2P phase. Consequently, supported Ni2P catalysts can work in acid-catalyzed reactions if an adequate ratio of Br?nsted to Lewis acid sites is provided by the amount of the surplus P species determined by adjusting the P/Ni ratio.
Efficient synthesis of niobium pentoxide nanowires and application in ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol
Zhang, Zhenwei,Wang, Peng,Wu, Zeying,Yue, Chuanjun,Wei, Xuejiao,Zheng, Jiwei,Xiang, Mei,Liu, Baoliang
, p. 5690 - 5696 (2020/02/26)
Nb2O5 nanowires with high specific surface area and crystallinity were prepared by using ammonium oxalate and an acetic acid solvent system. The nanomaterial was applied in ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FA), and the yield of the product, 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan (FEE), achieved was up to 79.6%. Compared to mesoporous Nb2O5 materials and other porous materials, the residence time of FEE on the surface of the catalyst is shorter, and the yield of ethyl levulinate (EL) is lower. Furthermore, a high temperature calcination treatment can change the acid sites and acidity type distribution on the nanowire surface. By XRD, NH3-TPD, IR, and TG-DTA determination methods, it was found that the weak and medium-strong acid sites on the surface of Nb2O5 nanowires were reduced after a 300 °C treatment, and the amount of strong acid was relatively higher. According to the catalytic performance test data and acidity determination, it was concluded that more weak acid and medium-strong acid sites improve the conversion of furfuryl alcohol to FEE, and the strong acid sites promote further conversion of FEE to EL.
SINGLE STEP PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FURFURYL ETHYL ETHER
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Paragraph 0048, (2019/07/29)
The present invention provides a single step process for the synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether comprises refluxing the reaction mixture of furfuryl alcohol, ethanol and catalyst at temperature in the range of 80 to 120° C. for the period in the range of 3 to 7 hrs to afford furfuryl ethyl ether. The catalyst used in present invention is Zr incorporated SBA-15. Further, the conversion of furfuryl alcohol is in the range of 60 to 90%. The selectivity of reaction towards furfuryl ethyl ether is in the range of 85 to 95%.
Facile synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether in high yield: Via the reductive etherification of furfural in ethanol over Pd/C under mild conditions
Wang, Yun,Cui, Qianqian,Guan, Yejun,Wu, Peng
, p. 2110 - 2117 (2018/05/24)
The one-pot synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) over Pd nanoparticles supported on TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, and active carbon via the catalytic reductive etherification of furfural in ethanol was systematically studied. The Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO2, TiO2 and active carbon are all active for this novel process under mild reaction conditions, with Pd/C showing the highest selectivity to FEE. The effects of palladium loading, reaction temperature, and hydrogen pressure on the activity and selectivity of Pd/C have been investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that suitable Pd amount, low reaction temperature of about 60 °C, and low H2 pressure of about 0.3 MPa are favorable for the formation of the desired ether product. Under the optimized conditions, an unprecedented high yield of up to 81% of FEE was firstly obtained with the major by-products being furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Compared with the conventional hydrogenation-etherification route via furfural alcohol as a reaction intermediate, the reductive etherification shows significant advantage in product yield because of its much lower reaction temperature that is required.
Magnetically separable sulfated zirconia as highly active acidic catalysts for selective synthesis of ethyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol
Tiwari, Manishkumar S.,Gawade, Anil B.,Yadav, Ganapati D.
, p. 963 - 976 (2017/03/15)
Magnetically separable sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared by a two-step approach. Coating of zirconia around the particles helps to increase the number of sites needed for sulfate ion loading and hence enhances the acidity of the catalyst. Different molar concentrations of chlorosulfonic acid were used for sulfonation. The prepared catalysts were used for selective synthesis of ethyl levulinate using renewable substrates: furfuryl alcohol and ethanol. Ethyl levulinate has many applications in different industries including as a potential blending component in biodiesel. The catalyst could be easily separated by the use of a magnet. The influence of different parameters was investigated to reach the optimum yield of ethyl levulinate. Detailed kinetics were established for scaling up purposes. The catalyst is robust and reusable.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol by using Ultrasmall Rh Nanoparticles Embedded on Diamine-Functionalized KIT-6
Neeli, Chinna Krishna Prasad,Chung, Young-Min,Ahn, Wha-Seung
, p. 4570 - 4579 (2017/11/29)
A Rh/ED-KIT-6 catalyst comprised of Rh nanoparticles embedded on mesoporous silica (KIT-6) functionalized with N1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine was synthesized by Rh3+ adsorption and chemical reduction in the liquid phase. The structure of ED-KIT-6 and textural properties of the pristine and supported Rh catalysts, as well as particle size and chemical state of the Rh species were examined by various analytical methods. The homogeneous dispersion of ultrasmall Rh nanoparticles, approximately 1.2 nm in size, stabilized by the grafted diamine (ED) species was confirmed. Rh/ED-KIT-6 was applied to the transfer hydrogenation of furfural (FFR) to furfuryl alcohol (FAL) by using formic acid (FA) as the hydrogen source. The effect of the solvent and reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, and FA/FFR ratio, were investigated. The Rh-embedded catalyst exhibited a significantly high turnover frequency (TOF≈204 h?1) to that of Ru, Pd, or Ni-based catalysts on KIT-6. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed after examining an independent FA decomposition reaction over the same Rh-ED-KIT-6 catalyst. The heterogeneity of the catalyst was verified by a hot filtration experiment. The Rh/ED-KIT-6 could be reused for up to three cycles without any decrease in catalytic activity and selectivity, but the slow oxidation of Rh species was detected.
Catalytic upgrading of furfuryl alcohol to bio-products: Catalysts screening and kinetic analysis
Paniagua,Melero,Iglesias,Morales,Hernández,López-Aguado
, p. 74 - 82 (2017/03/22)
The conversion of furfuryl alcohol, a highly versatile biomass-derived platform molecule, into a large variety of bio-products, including ethers, lactones and levulinates, has been evaluated in alcohol media using different solid acid catalysts, such as commercial zeolites, sulfonic acid-functionalized materials, and sulfated zirconia. Reaction pathways and mechanisms have been correlated to the particular type of catalyst used, aiming to establish the influence of the main physico-chemical properties of the materials on the extent of furfuryl alcohol conversion, as well as on the predominant reaction pathway followed. Mechanistic and kinetics modelling studies for each type of catalyst have been developed and compared, providing an useful tool for the selection of the most suitable solid acid catalyst for the production of each of the reaction intermediates in the cascade from furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinate.
Preparation method for furfuryl alkyl ether
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Paragraph 0034-0035; 0042-0043, (2017/06/10)
The invention discloses a preparation method for furfuryl alkyl ether through reaction of furfuryl alcohol and monohydric alcohol. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving furfuryl alcohol in monohydric alcohol in a reaction kettle; then adding a catalyst; and next carrying out a reaction for 1-24 hours at the temperature of 150-260 DEG C, and thus obtaining the furfuryl alkyl ether. The preparation method is simple in process and easy to control, only adopts an inorganic metal oxide as the catalyst, has no addition of organic acids and alkalis, inorganic acids and alkalis or other co-catalysts, is convenient for separation of the catalyst and other operations, and is conducive to large-scale industrialized production.
