298-07-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Lubrication Oils:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a lubricant additive for improving the performance and efficiency of lubrication oils. It enhances the lubrication properties and reduces wear and tear on machinery.
Used as a Corrosion Inhibitor:
This chemical is employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metals from rusting and other forms of corrosion. It forms a protective layer on the metal surface, preventing contact with corrosive agents and extending the life of the metal.
Used as an Antioxidant:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate serves as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of materials and extending their shelf life. It is particularly useful in the plastics and rubber industries, where it helps maintain the quality and durability of the products.
Used in Hydrometallurgical Separation:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as an extractant in the hydrometallurgical separation of cobalt and nickel. It aids in the efficient extraction and separation of these valuable metals from their ores.
Used in Metal Extraction and Separation:
This chemical is involved in the solvent extraction of uranium salts and rare earth metals. It also facilitates the extraction of iron(II) ions after the reduction of iron(III) ions, making it a valuable component in the metal extraction process.
Used in the Synthesis of Plastics:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as an intermediate for wetting agents and detergents, as well as a feedstock for chemical synthesis. It plays a crucial role in the production of various plastic materials.
Used as a Plasticizer:
This chemical is employed as a plasticizer, enhancing the flexibility and workability of plastics. It is particularly useful in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other plastic materials.
Used as a Solvent:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is used as a solvent in the synthesis of plastic, aiding in the chemical reactions and processes involved in the production of various plastic materials.
Used as a Cation Extracting Agent:
This chemical acts as a cation extracting agent, facilitating the separation and extraction of metal ions from solutions. It is particularly useful in the purification and concentration of metal ions in various industrial processes.

Production Methods

Produced by chlorinating bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonate to give the phosphate diester chloride, followed by hydrolysis, or by saponification of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate .

Reactivity Profile

Organophosphates, such as Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Mildly corrosive to most metals; may form flammable hydrogen gas [USCG, 1999].

Health Hazard

Contact with liquid irritates eyes and may cause serious injury; consult an eye specialist. Also causes skin irritation on contact. Ingestion produces irritation similar to that caused by strong vinegar.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating phosphorus oxides may be released.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Purification Methods

Contaminants of commercial samples include the monoester, polyphosphates, pyrophosphate, 2-ethylhexanol and metal impurities. Dissolve the acid in n-hexane to give an 0.8M solution. Wash this with an equal volume of M HNO3, then with saturated (NH4)2CO3 solution, with 3M HNO3, and twice with water [Petrow & Allen Anal Chem 33 1303 1961]. Similarly, the impure sodium salt, after scrubbing with pet ether, is acidified with HCl and the free organic acid is extracted into pet ether and purified as above [Peppard et al. J Inorg Nucl Chem 7 231 1958], or as described by Stewart & Crandall [J Am Chem Soc 73 1377 1951]. It can be purified via its copper salt [McDowell et al. J Inorg Nucl Chem 38 2127 1976]. [Beilstein 1 IV 1796.]

InChI:InChI=1/C8H19O4P/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H2,9,10,11)/p-1

Synthetic route

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol (104-76-7) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (78-42-2)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine; trichlorophosphate In neat (no solvent) at 88℃; for 0.0208333h; Microwave irradiation;	A n/a B 75%

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol (104-76-7) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (78-42-2) + 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (1070-03-7)

Conditions	Yield
With phosphorus pentoxide at 21℃; for 0.616667h; Product distribution; Mechanism; var.temps. and time;	A 21.9% B 25% C 15.6%

bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphite (3658-48-8) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
With Nitrogen dioxide
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sulfuryl chloride 2: aqueous NaOH-solution View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: chlorine 2: aqueous NaOH-solution View Scheme
With Nitrogen dioxide at 35℃; Cooling;

bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphorochloridate (63449-80-9) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide
With sodium hydroxide
With water In toluene for 1h; Reflux;	49.3 g

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol (104-76-7) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (1070-03-7)

Conditions	Yield
With phosphorus pentaoxide microwave irradiation;

tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (78-42-2) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (1070-03-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water at 100℃; for 2h; Title compound not separated from byproducts.;

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol (104-76-7) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium / 160 °C 2: nitrogen dioxide View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium / 160 °C 2: sulfuryl chloride 3: aqueous NaOH-solution View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: sodium / 160 °C 2: nitrogen dioxide View Scheme

di-2-ethylhexyl phosphite (685498-13-9) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: (chlorination) 2: aq. NaOH View Scheme

copper(II) di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate + oxalic acid (144-62-7) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + copper(II) oxalate (814-91-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrachloromethane; water at 29.2℃; for 0.388889h; Kinetics; Further Variations:; reaction times, electrostatic field effects;

(1,1-dioxido-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-thiochromen-2-yl)methyl bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (1369964-84-0) → Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform-d1 for 0.216667h; Irradiation;	> 99 %Spectr.

trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (258864-54-9) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) → trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 70℃;	99%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + tetra-n-butylphosphonium chloride (2304-30-5) → tetrabutylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 70℃;	98%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + aluminum L-lactate → 3C16H34O4P(1-)*Al(3+)

Conditions	Yield
In water for 24h; Reflux;	98%
In water Reflux;

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + carboxymethyl-dodecyl-dimethyl-ammonium betaine (683-10-3) → C16H34NO2(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 25℃; for 0.5h;	98%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + triethylaluminum (97-93-8) → 3C16H34O4P(1-)*Al(3+)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	96%

neodymium(III) chloride + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + (1,3-dibutyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilyl)amine (82356-80-7) → C12H30NSi2(1-)*C16H34O2P(1-)*C16H34O4P(1-)*Nd(3+)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere;	95%

1-propyl-1H-imidazole (35203-44-2) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + (3-bromopropyl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid ethyl ester (51065-82-8) → C17H26N2O2P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-propyl-1H-imidazole; (3-bromopropyl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid ethyl ester In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	94%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + betaine (107-43-7) → betainium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 25℃; for 0.5h;	94%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + benzyl bromide (100-39-0) → benzyl bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate

Conditions	Yield
With caesium carbonate In acetonitrile at 100℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;	93%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + ajatin (7281-04-1) → benzyldimethyldodecylammonium di (2-ethylhexyl)phosphate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate In water at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	93%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) + 1-hexylimidazole (33529-01-0) → C24H32N2OP(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide; 1-hexylimidazole In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	93%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + C8H17NO2 → C8H18NO2(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 25℃; for 0.5h;	92%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) + N-pentyl imidazole (19768-54-8) → C23H30N2OP(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide; N-pentyl imidazole In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	91%

neodymium(III) chloride + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + (1,3-diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetrapropyldisilyl)amine → C16H34O2P(1-)*C16H34O4P(1-)*C24H38NSi2(1-)*Nd(3+)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 40℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere;	91%

1-propyl-1H-imidazole (35203-44-2) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) → C21H26N2OP(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-propyl-1H-imidazole; 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide In toluene at 85℃; for 8h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 23h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	90%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid (1186-10-3) + 1-hexylimidazole (33529-01-0) → C16H32N2O3P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid; 1-hexylimidazole In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 25h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;	90%

1-Butylimidazole (4316-42-1) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) → C22H28N2OP(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-Butylimidazole; 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide In toluene at 85℃; for 4h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	90%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid (130776-67-9) + neodymium chloride hydrate → Nd [(neodecanoate)2(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate)1]

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid; 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water at 50℃; for 2h; Stage #2: neodymium chloride hydrate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 50℃; for 15h;	89%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid (1186-10-3) + N-pentyl imidazole (19768-54-8) → C15H30N2O3P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid; N-pentyl imidazole In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 4h;	88%

neodymium(III) chloride + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-diphenyldisilazane (3449-26-1) → C16H22NSi2(1-)*C16H34O2P(1-)*C16H34O4P(1-)*Nd(3+)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;	88%

1-Butylimidazole (4316-42-1) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid (1186-10-3) → C14H28N2O3P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-Butylimidazole; diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	87%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) + triphenylphosphine (603-35-0) → C33H31OP2(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide; triphenylphosphine In toluene at 80℃; for 10h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;	86%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (121934-92-7) + triethylamine (121-44-8) → C21H31NOP(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 3-(bromopropyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide; triethylamine In toluene at 80℃; for 0.333333h; Microwave irradiation; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 27h;	86%

1-propyl-1H-imidazole (35203-44-2) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid (1186-10-3) → C13H26N2O3P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-propyl-1H-imidazole; diethyl 3-(bromopropyl)phosphonic acid In toluene at 85℃; for 6h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium for 24h; Reflux; Stage #3: In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	86%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + triphenylphosphine (603-35-0) + 5-(bromopentyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (176849-72-2) → C35H35OP2(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: triphenylphosphine; 5-(bromopentyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide In benzene at 85℃; for 9h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	85%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + triphenylphosphine (603-35-0) + 4-bromo-n-butyldiphenylphosphine oxide (156488-37-8) → C34H33OP2(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: triphenylphosphine; 4-bromo-n-butyldiphenylphosphine oxide In toluene at 75℃; for 10h; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 4h;	85%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + (3-bromopropyl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid ethyl ester (51065-82-8) + triethylamine (121-44-8) → C17H31NO2P(1+)*C16H34O4P(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (3-bromopropyl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid ethyl ester; triethylamine In benzene at 85℃; for 0.416667h; Microwave irradiation; Stage #2: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid With sodium In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 27h;	85%

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) + Diphenyliodonium triflate (66003-76-7) → C21H37O4P

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In toluene at 110℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;	83%

methanol (67-56-1) + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) → bis(2-ethylhexyl) methyl phosphate

Conditions	Yield
With copper(l) iodide; sodium carbonate; triethylamine In tetrachloromethane at 80℃; for 12h;	83%
With O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; triethylamine In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	55%

Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate + Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (298-07-7) → Fe2{di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate}5{di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid}(NO3)

Conditions

Yield

In acetic acid the phosphoric acid/acetic acid added dropwise with vigorous stirring to Fe-compd./acetic acid, color change of soln. from rust-red to yellow with rapid deposition of solids, mixt. white after addn. completed; solid collected, dispersed in acetic acid, stirred, filtered off, dried (vac., room temp., to constant wt.), recrystn. (min. amt. cyclohexane contg. small amt. acetone, pptn. with acetone; half the product remains in mother liquor), elem. anal.;

82%

Upstream product

• 3658-48-8 bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphite 
• 63449-80-9 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphorochloridate 
• 104-76-7 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol 
• 78-42-2 tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 
• 144-62-7 oxalic acid 
• 1369964-84-0 (1,1-dioxido-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-thiochromen-2-yl)methyl bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 
• 685498-13-9 di-2-ethylhexyl phosphite 

Downstream Products

• 158924-06-2 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)<2,3,4,6,7-penta-O-benzyl-D-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranosyl>phosphat 
• 4971-47-5 ammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 
• 13340-46-0 (2-phenylethyl)triethoxysilane 
• 16368-97-1 di-(2-ethylhexyl)phenyl phosphate 
• 1369964-84-0 (1,1-dioxido-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-thiochromen-2-yl)methyl bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 
• 141-65-1 sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Solvent-free microwave synthesis of trialkylphosphates

Trialkylphosphates are synthesized from alcohols by reaction with reactive phosphorus oxychloride under microwave irradiations and classical heating. Effects of these irradiations on the nature of the products and on the yield are studied. The compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The obtained results show that the products of these reactions are essentially trialkylphosphates and alkylphosphoric acids. They always show as the nature of the formed products and the yields in trialkylphosphates are comparable to those obtained in the classical conditions of heating. The speed of the reaction was increased by a factor from 40 to 120.

Convenient preparation of long-chain dialkyl phosphates: Synthesis of dialkyl phosphates

Reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with a primary alcohol (1.8 equiv) and triethylamine (1.8 equiv) in toluene, followed by filtration and treatment with steam, gives dialkyl phosphates in good yield and essentially free from trialkyl phosphate contamination. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

Novel photolabile protecting group for phosphate compounds

A novel photolabile protecting group, thiochromone S,S-dioxide, containing the diazomethyl group for protection of phosphate derivatives is described. Deprotection of the successfully protected phosphate derivatives proceeded smoothly under photoirradiation using an ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamp to recover the corresponding phosphates quantitatively, and the photoproduct derived from the thiochromone derivative showed high fluorescence intensity. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

Electrostatic field effects on mass exchange of oxalic acid and copper Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate

A unit was designed for investigating the effects of low electrostatic fields on exchange reactions in extraction systems. The dynamics of oxalic acid transfer across the interface during the reextraction of copper ions under the action of copper oxalate deposition was studied. The peculiarities of reextraction dynamics were explained by the formation and migration of discontinuities in the copper alkyl phosphate film along the interphase surface under the action of an electrostatic field. The dynamics of the process is characterized by the appearance of specific exchange rate maxima and by a drastic decrease in the rate in the presence of an electric field.

Determination of phosphoric acid mono- and diesters in municipal wastewater by solid-phase extraction and ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The first analytical method for the determination of 13 phosphoric acid mono- and diesters from aqueous samples is presented. The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ion-pair liquid chromatographic separation with tri-n-butylamine coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. Due to a lack of pure standards, only 3 of the 13 esters could be quantified. SPE recoveries ranged from 71 to 112% for di-n-butyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) with limits of quantification from 7 to 14 ng/L for 100-mL samples. At analyte concentrations ≥1 μg/L, aqueous samples can be analyzed by direct injection without extraction. In municipal wastewater, six diesters and one monoester were unambiguously identified by comparison with synthesized reference material. DEHP showed highest concentrations of 60 and 5 μg/L in raw and treated wastewater, respectively. The detection of monoethylhexyl phosphate was confirmed by LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, and it was found at a concentration level comparable to DEHP. Laboratory degradation tests show that phosphoric acid diesters can be formed as intermediates in the microbial degradation of trialkyl phosphates that are being used as flame retardants and plasticizers.

Synthesis of mono-and dialkylphosphates by the reactions of hydroxycompounds with the phosphorus pentaoxide under microwave irradiation

The reactions of phosphorus pentoxide with two alcohols and one phenol were performed in different conditions under microwave irradiation. The products (alkylphosphates and dialkylphosphates) were identical to those formed by classic heating and were obtained with better yields. The speed of the reaction was increased by a factor from 100 to 4000.

Treatment of skin conditions by use of PPAR alpha activators

Disorders of the skin and mucous membrane that have a disrupted or dysfunctional epidermal barrier are treated or prevented by topical application of compounds that are either activators of the farnesoid X receptor, activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha , and oxysterol activators of the LXR alpha receptor. The same compounds are also effective in treating disorders of epidermal differentiation and proliferation.

ETUDE PAR SPECTROMETRIE RMN DU MECANISME DE L'ACTION DU 2-ETHYLHEXANOL SUR LE PENTOXYDE DE PHOSPHORE

The reaction of phosphorus pentaxide with 2-ethylhexanol has been studied in the absence of solvent.The analysis of raw and purified reaction products has been carried out using 31P NMR.This study allowed us to describe the different reaction steps and the evolution of the reagents, intermediates, and reaction products with time.The examination of the time and temperature dependence has shown the importance of kinetic effects and has given insight into the mechanism of the action of the alcohol on the P-O bonds of the phosphoric anhydride.The results suggest that only the progresive cleaving of these bonds leads to the products obtained under these conditions. Key words: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate; phosphorus pentoxide; 2-ethylhexanol; synthesis; mechanism; NMR.