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26181-88-4

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26181-88-4 Hazards Identification

Pictogram(s):

Signal:

Danger

GHS Hazard Statements:

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]
H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]
H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]
H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]
H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Precautionary Statement Codes:

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P281, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Hazard Classes and Categories:

Flam. Liq. 2
Carc. 1A
Muta. 1B
Asp. Tox. 1
STOT RE 1
Skin Irrit. 2
Eye Irrit. 2
Flam. Liq. 2 (99.85%)
Asp. Tox. 1 (99.45%)
Skin Irrit. 2 (99.95%)
Eye Irrit. 2 (99.95%)
Muta. 1B (99.9%)
Carc. 1A (99.9%)
STOT RE 1 (100%)
Aquatic Chronic 3 (16.2%)
Flam. Liq. 2 (100%)
Asp. Tox. 1 (100%)
Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)
Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)
Muta. 1B (100%)
Carc. 1A (100%)
Flammable liquid - category 2
Carcinogenicity - category 1A
Germ cell mutagenicity - category 1B
Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 1
Eye irritation - category 2
Skin irritation - category 2
Aspiration hazard - category 1
Acute toxicity - category 4
Carcinogenicity - category 1B
Flammable liquids - Category 2
Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4
Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2
Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A
Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2
Carcinogenicity - Category 1A
Reproductive toxicity - Category 2
Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (respiratory system), Category 3 (narcotic effects)
Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (central nervous system, hematopoietic system)
Aspiration hazard - Category 1
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 2
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 2
Carcinogens, Mutagens, Flammable - 3rd degree
Flammable - 4th degree

Hazards Summary:

Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes and human activities. Benzene is widely used in the United States; it ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals which are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibers. Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke.

26181-88-4 Usage

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 26181-88-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,6,1,8 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 26181-88:
(7*2)+(6*6)+(5*1)+(4*8)+(3*1)+(2*8)+(1*8)=114
114 % 10 = 4
So 26181-88-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

26181-88-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Metal-Oxide Interaction in Alumina-Promoted Rh/SiO2 Catalyst. Effect of H2 Treatment on H2 Chemisorption and Cyclohexane Hydrogenolysis

Hu, Zhicheng,Maedaa, Akira,Kunimori, Kimio,Uchijima, Toshio

, p. 2079 - 2082 (1986)

An Al2O3-promoted Rh catalyst, containing Al2O3 deposited onto a Rh/SiO2catalyst, exhibited an SMSI behavior; a significant suppression of both the H2 chemisorption capacity and the cyclohexane hydrogenolysis activity by high-temperature reduction and their recovery by O2 treatment at 673 K followed by low-temperature reduction.

Low Temperature Catalytic Chemistry of the Pd(111) Surface: Benzene and Ethylene from Acetylene

Tysoe, Wilfred T.,Nyberg, Graeme L.,Lambert, Richard M.

, p. 623 - 625 (1983)

Acetylene reacts to form benzene on Pd(111) at ca. 200 K; photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the reaction intermediate lies flat, and that competitive formation of ethylene involves an intermediate with perpendicular adsorption geometry.

Benzene formation at 70°C by coupling of propylene on supported Pd nanoclusters

Chou, Ju,Zhang, Siyan,Sun, Shouli,McFarland, Eric W.

, p. 4735 - 4739 (2005)

(Figure Presented) The pressure's off: The coupling of propylene (1) to generate benzene (2) at 70°C and atmospheric pressure was observed together with propylene hydrogenation and oxygenation on titania-supported Pd nanoclusters (in green). The catalysts consist predominately of metallic Pd 0. The selectivity of benzene formation is dependent on cluster size ( = 3-12 nm) and the presence of both hydrogen and oxygen.

Rapid Dihydrogen Cleavage by Persistent Nitroxide Radicals under Frustrated Lewis Pair Conditions

Tao, Xin,Kehr, Gerald,Wang, Xiaowu,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Grimme, Stefan,Erker, Gerhard

, p. 9504 - 9507 (2016)

Persistent radicals undergo hydrogen atom abstraction reactions with a great variety of substrates, but not with dihydrogen. It has now been found that the TEMPO radical splits dihydrogen under mild conditions in the presence of the strong bulky B(C6F5)3boron Lewis acid. The reaction is thought to proceed by a typical frustrated Lewis pair mechanism with the TEMPO radical acting as the active Lewis base. The reaction was analyzed by DFT, which indicates that no significant spin density on the hydrogen atoms is accumulated along the H2splitting reaction path.

FORMATION OF DIARYL(ALLYL)PHOSPHINE IN ?-ALLYL PALLADIUM(II) INDUCED CLEAVAGE OF TRIARYLPHOSPHINES

Goel, Anil B.

, p. 4599 - 4600 (1984)

A reverse migration of allylic group from palladium to phosphorus and the formation of diaryl(allyl)phosphine in the ?-allyl palladium(II) induced cleavage of triarylphosphines has been demonstrated.

Selective dehydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys

Peck, John W.,Koel, Bruce E.

, p. 2708 - 2717 (1996)

The adsorption and dehydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene on Pt(111) and two Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys has been studied using TPD, AES, and LEED. The two Pt-Sn surfaces investigated are well-defined, monolayer-thick surface alloys with either a p(2 x 2) or (√3 x √3)R30° LEED pattern and Θ(sn) = 0.25 or 0.33, respectively. Cyclohexadiene chemisorption on Pt(111) is irreversible and all the chemisorbed monolayer dehydrogenates to form benzene upon heating. Further heating causes most of this benzene product to dehydrogenate completely to form a carbonaceous residue. Some benzene desorbs from the surface at higher coverages. Alloying the Pt surface with Sn completely eliminates the decomposition of benzene without inhibiting the reactivity of cyclohexadiene, dramatically increasing (to 100%) the selectivity of the Pt-Sn surface alloys for gas-phase benzene production. Finally, we observe that the benzene evolution undergoes a stepwise decrease in temperature with increasing Sn concentration and we attribute this to a competition between benzene and hydrogen for adsorption sites.

Conversion of Acetylene to Benzene over Palladium Single-Crystal Surfaces. 1. The Low-Pressure Stoichiometric and the High-Pressure Catalytic Reactions

Rucker, T. G.,Logan, M. A.,Gentle, T. M.,Muetterties, E. L.,Somorjai, G. A.

, p. 2703 - 2708 (1986)

Acetylene cyclotrimerizes to form benzene on palladium single crystals in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) (E-12 - E-8 atm) and at atmospheric pressures (E-1 - 1 atm).The reaction is structure sensitive in both pressure regimes.In UHV the (111) face is the most active followed by the (110) and then the (100) surfaces.At high pressure the (111) and (100) surfaces have equal catalytic activity whereas the (110) face is one-fourth as active.In UHV the reaction products are benzene from cyclotrimerization, ethylene from hydrogenation, and hydrogen from decomposition.At high pressures only benzene was detected.The high-pressure catalytic reaction proceeds on the bare metal surface.The reaction also proceeds readily on Pd films and Pd supported on alumina.

Phosphorus-doped activated carbon catalyst for n-hexane dehydroaromatization reaction

Li, Yong,Zhao, Hong,Chen, Siyuan,Bao, Shuhao,Xing, Feifei,Jiang, Biao

, (2021)

Phosphorus-doped activated carbon (P@AC), prepared by wet impregnation method, can serve as efficient metal-free catalyst for the dehydroaromatization of n-hexane to benzene under mild conditions. The effect of phosphorus amount and phosphorus sources including phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA), phosphorus acid (H3PO4), triphenylphosphine (TPP), and tributylphosphine (TBP) on catalytic performance of P@AC were investigated. Combining with characterization analysis, functional groups containing -P(O)(OH) on the carbon surface are believed to be the active sites for dehydroaromatization catalysis.

Photochemistry of Benzene Isomers. 2. Benzvalene and Dewar Benzene

Harman, Peter J.,Kent, Jay E.,O'Dwyer, Michael F.,Griffith, David W. T.

, p. 2731 - 2733 (1981)

The photochemistry of two valences isomers of benzene, benzvalene and Dewar benzene, is such that they isomerize cleanly to yield benzene in high quantum yield.

Nitrate esters: Novel sex pheromone components of the cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella busck. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

Hall, David R.,Beevor, Peter S.,Campion, Derek G.,Chamberlain, David J.,Cork, Alan,White, Rosemary D.,Almestar, Aurelio,Henneberry, Thomas J.

, p. 4811 - 4814 (1992)

(Z)-9-Totradecenyl nitrate and (Z)-9-tridecenyl nitrate have been identified in volatiles from virgin female cotton leafperforator moths, Bucculatrix thurberiella, and shown to elicit electroantennogram responses from male moths. A 100:2 blend of the synthetic compounds is highly attractive to male moths in the field, and these compounds are proposed to be components of the female sex pheromone.

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