27048-04-0Relevant articles and documents
Flupirtine Analogues: Explorative Synthesis and Influence of Chemical Structure on KV7.2/KV7.3 Channel Opening Activity
Surur, Abdrrahman S.,Beirow, Kristin,Bock, Christian,Schulig, Lukas,Kindermann, Markus K.,Bodtke, Anja,Siegmund, Werner,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
, p. 41 - 44 (2019)
Neuronal voltage-gated potassium channels KV7.2/KV7.3 are sensitive to small-molecule drugs such as flupirtine, even though physiological response occurs in the absence of ligands. Clinically, prolonged use of flupirtine as a pain medication is associated with rare cases of drug-induced liver injury. Thus, safety concerns prevent a broader use of this non-opioid and non-steroidal analgesic in therapeutic areas with unmet medical needs such as hyperactive bladder or neonatal seizures. With the goal of studying influences of chemical structure on activity and toxicity of flupirtine, we explored modifications of the benzylamino bridge and the substitution pattern in both rings of flupirtine. Among twelve derivatives, four novel thioether derivatives showed the desired activity in cellular assays and may serve as leads for safer KV channel openers.
Synthesis and potassium KV7 channel opening activity of thioether analogues of the analgesic flupirtine
Bock, Christian,Beirow, Kristin,Surur, Abdrrahman S.,Schulig, Lukas,Bodtke, Anja,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
, p. 8695 - 8699 (2018)
Flupirtine, an opener of neuronal voltage gated potassium channels (KV7.2/3), has been used as a therapeutic alternative for pain treatment in patients refractory to NSAIDs and opioids. Because flupirtine is associated with rare but fatal drug-induced liver injury that may result from the formation of toxic metabolites upon metabolic oxidation, we synthesized novel derivatives with the goal of identifying equally active and ultimately safer KV7.2/3 channel openers. Four thioether analogues were designed to lack a nitrogen atom that would be a prerequisite for the formation of toxic para-quinone diimines, and form sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites instead. KV7.2/3 channel opening activity and hepatotoxicity data of twelve novel flupirtine analogues, four thioethers and their respective sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites are reported.
Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-3(4H)-ketone derivative and application thereof
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Paragraph 0015-0016; 0033, (2021/03/13)
The invention provides a pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-3(4H)-ketone derivative and application thereof. The structural general formula of the pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-3(4H)-ketone derivative is a formula V, andthe pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-3(4H)-ketone derivative comprises pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate or crystal form thereof. The compound provided by the invention is an active ligand of afibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and research shows that the compound shown in the structure V has good anti-proliferative activity on KATO III gastric cancer cells (FGFR2 amplification) andHuh-7 liver cancer cells (FGFR4 overexpression), and is applied to preparation of drugs for treating tumor-related diseases caused by FGFR abnormal activation as an FGFR inhibitor. The structural general formula V is shown in the description.
NEW HETEROARYL AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES 1 AND/OR 2 (HDAC1-2)
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Paragraph 0180, (2020/05/29)
The present invention relates to novel heteroaryl amide derivatives of formula (1) as selective inhibitors of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (hdac1-2) to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and to the use of said compounds for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of pathological conditions or diseases that can improve by inhibition the activity of histone deacetylase class I, particularly HDAC1 and HDAC2, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia disease and to methods for the treatment of the disesases mentioned above.
Sulfide Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Nanomolar KV7.2/KV7.3 Channel Opening Activity
Bock, Christian,Surur, Abdrrahman S.,Beirow, Kristin,Kindermann, Markus K.,Schulig, Lukas,Bodtke, Anja,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
supporting information, p. 952 - 964 (2019/04/10)
The potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have proven to be valuable analgesics or antiepileptics. Their recent withdrawal due to occasional hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, leaves a therapeutic niche unfilled. Metabolic oxidation of both drugs gives rise to the formation of electrophilic quinones. These elusive, highly reactive metabolites may induce liver injury in the case of flupirtine and blue tissue discoloration after prolonged intake of retigabine. We examined which structural features can be altered to avoid the detrimental oxidation of the aromatic ring and shift oxidation toward the formation of more benign metabolites. Structure–activity relationship studies were performed to evaluate the KV7.2/3 channel opening activity of 45 derivatives. Sulfide analogues were identified that are devoid of the risk of quinone formation, but possess potent KV7.2/3 opening activity. For example, flupirtine analogue 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(6-(isobutylthio)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (48) has 100-fold enhanced activity (EC50=1.4 nm), a vastly improved toxicity/activity ratio, and the same efficacy as retigabine in vitro.
Flupirtine and retigabine as templates for ligand-based drug design of KV7.2/3 activators
Surur, Abdrrahman S.,Bock, Christian,Beirow, Kristin,Wurm, Konrad,Schulig, Lukas,Kindermann, Markus K.,Siegmund, Werner,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
supporting information, p. 4512 - 4522 (2019/05/17)
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) and tissue discoloration led to the recent discontinuation of the therapeutic use of the closely related drugs flupirtine and retigabine, respectively. Experience gained with these drugs strongly suggests that heterotetramer, voltage-gated potassium channels 2 and 3 (KV7.2/3) are valid targets for effective treatment of pain and epilepsy. Because the adverse effects are not related to the mechanism of action, it appears promising to investigate chemical modifications of these clinically validated, drug-like leads. In the present retro-metabolic drug design study, a series of 43 compounds were synthesized and characterized with regard to KV7.2/3 opening activity and efficacy. The most active compound 22d displays excellent potency (EC50 = 4 nM) and efficacy (154%) as a KV7.2/3 opener. Limited aqueous solubility hampered toxicity testing at concentrations higher than 63 μM, but this concentration was nontoxic to two hepatocellular cell lines (HEP-G2 and TAMH) in culture. The slightly less active but more soluble compound 25b (EC50 = 11 nM, efficacy 111%) showed an improved toxicity/activity ratio compared to flupirtine by three orders of magnitude and represents an attractive lead structure for the development of safer analgesics and antiepileptics.
Method for preparing flupirtine hydrochloride
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Paragraph 0015; 0033; 0038; 0040; 0042; 0043; 0044; 0046, (2019/01/14)
The invention discloses a method for preparing flupirtine hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps: adopting 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine as an initial material, performing ammonolysis,substituting fluorobenzylamine, purifying, hydrogenating, performing acylation reaction, filtering, precipitating crystals and decompression drying to obtain the flupirtine hydrochloride. The methodis simple in operation, capable of simultaneously performing the hydrogenation and acylation reaction, capable of avoiding the deterioration of polyamino pyridine derivatives as far as possible, capable of titrating ethyl chloroformate without opening a kettle cover, and capable of reducing the harm on the human body.
Discovery of Aromatic Carbamates that Confer Neuroprotective Activity by Enhancing Autophagy and Inducing the Anti-Apoptotic Protein B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)
Kinarivala, Nihar,Patel, Ronak,Boustany, Rose-Mary,Al-Ahmad, Abraham,Trippier, Paul C.
, p. 9739 - 9756 (2017/12/26)
Neurodegenerative diseases share certain pathophysiological hallmarks that represent common targets for drug discovery. In particular, dysfunction of proteostasis and the resultant apoptotic death of neurons represent common pathways for pharmacological intervention. A library of aromatic carbamate derivatives based on the clinically available drug flupirtine was synthesized to determine a structure-activity relationship for neuroprotective activity. Several derivatives were identified that possess greater protective effect in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, protecting up to 80% of neurons against etoposide-induced apoptosis at concentrations as low as 100 nM. The developed aromatic carbamates possess physicochemical properties desirable for CNS therapeutics. The primary known mechanisms of action of the parent scaffold are not responsible for the observed neuroprotective activity. Herein, we demonstrate that neuroprotective aromatic carbamates function to increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to an antiapoptotic state and activate autophagy through induction of beclin 1.
A 5 (4H)-pyridone combines furazane oxide synthesis method
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Paragraph 0034-0035, (2017/04/11)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 4H-pyridofuroxan-5-one (III, also known as 4H, 5H-(1, 2, 5) oxadiazole (3, 4-b) pyridin-5-one-1-oxide). The synthesis method comprises the following steps (see the following reaction formula): enabling 2-amino-3-nitro-6-chloropyridine (I) to react with potassium (or sodium and the like) fluoride in a water-containing alcohol type solution, or enabling I to react with a nitrite in acetone to prepare 2-amino-3-nitro-6-hydroxypyridine (II); then performing oxidation and condensation reaction under alkaline conditions to prepare III. The synthesis process disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and suitable for relatively large-scale production of III; a new way is provided for preparing anti-virus and anti-tumor compounds with the effect of releasing nitric oxide (NO).
QUINOLIUM CONJUGATES OF CYCLOSPORIN
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Page/Page column 26; 27, (2016/03/18)
The present invention relates to conjugates of cyclosporin with quinolium mitochondrial targeting groups, and their therapeutic uses.
