27936-85-2

Upstream product

• 186581-53-3 diazomethane 
• 109-65-9 1-bromo-butane 
• 111-65-9 octane 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 80-15-9 Cumene hydroperoxide 
• 95-65-8 3,4-Dimethylphenol 
• 917-64-6 methyl magnesium iodide 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 1114-76-7 N,N-diethyl-butyramide 
• 4845-05-0 cyclohex-2-enyl hydroperoxide 
• 79-77-6 (E)-β-ionone 
• 111-43-3 Dipropyl ether 
• 932-72-9 (Dichloroiodo)benzene 
• 98-82-8 Isopropylbenzene 

Downstream Products

• 187737-37-7 propene 
• 253185-03-4 tert-butylbenzene 
• 2229-07-4 methyl radical 
• 676-55-1 methane-d2 
• 676-49-3 Monodeuteromethan 
• 676-80-2 methane-d3 
• 2031-95-0 1,1,1-trideuterio-ethane 
• 1632-99-1 ethane-d6 
• 34234-86-1 α-Methoxybenzyl-tert-butyl-nitroxyl-Radikal 
• 18173-63-2 (2-methoxyethyl)trimethyl silane 
• 18182-14-4 methoxydimethyl(n-propyl)silane 
• 122420-34-2 isopropylmethoxydimethylsilane 
• 113380-61-3 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsilyl)ethane 
• 108-88-3 toluene 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Reduction of Ruthenium and Iron μ-Methylene Complexes with Hydrosilanes Producing Alkane: a Model System for Methanation via the Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism

Reduction of the Ru and Fe μ-methylene complexes (2: M = Ru, R = H; 3: M = Fe, R = CH2Ph) with hydrosilanes produces alkane (RMe) by way of dinuclear hydrido-methylene and methyl intermediates as confirmed by the reaction of 9 with hydrosilanes; such a reaction sequence can be viewed as a model system for methanation via the Fischer-Tropsch mechanism.

Surface Reaction Rate oh Hydrogenation of Adsorbed Carbon Monoxide As Examined by an Emissionless Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer

The behaviors of adsorbed CO species during the methanation of CO on supported metal catalysts were examined by using an EDR (emissionless infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometer).Major adsorbed species observed under steady-state CO-H2 reaction were adsorbed CO and surface formate, and appreciable absorption could not be observed in C-H and O-H regions.The rate constants of disappearance of adsorbed species on 0.5percent Pd/Al2O3 under the reaction conditions were also measured from the transient responses of IR spectra.The intensities of the bands due to surfaceformate did not change with time, showing that the surface formate is not an intermediate.The rate constants of disappearance of adsorbed CO (linear CO and bridge CO) were essentially identical with each other and were in good agreement with the rate constant of CH4 formation measured by PSRA (pulse surface reaction rate analysis).These data indicate that the rate-determining step in the methanation of CO is the C-O bond dissociation of adsorbed species and the hydrogenation of the adsorbed carbon species proceeds rapidly.

Low-temperature hydrogenolysis of alkanes catalyzed by a silica- supported tantalum hydride complex, and evidence for a mechanistic switch from group IV to group V metal surface hydride complexes

Carbon-carbon bond cleavage by a new mechanism, probably based on o-bond metathesis, is reported for a silica-supported tantalum hydride, (≡ SiO)2TaH (1). This complex, which is also able to realize alkane metathesis, catalytically cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of alkanes under mild conditions.

SELECTIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE BY NITROUS OXIDE OVER VARIOUS METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS

Catalytic oxidation of ethane with N2O inthe presence of water has been investigated over various metal oxides.Zinc oxide showed a high catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (52.0percent conversion and 80.0percent selectivity at 823 K), while a 14.2percent combined selectivity for acetaldehyde and ethanol formation was attained at a 8.9percent conversion of ethane over a 2.1 wtpercent MoO3/SiO2 catalyst at 773 K.

CO hydrogenation over K-Co-MoSx catalyst to mixed alcohols: A kinetic analysis

Higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from syngas is one of the most promising approaches to produce fuels and chemicals. Our recent investigation on HAS showed that potassium-promoted cobalt-molybdenum sulfide is an effective catalyst system. In this study, the intrinsic kinetics of the reaction were studied using this catalyst system under realistic conditions. The study revealed the major oxygenated products are linear alcohols up to butanol and methane is the main hydrocarbon. The higher alcohol products (C3+) followed an Anderson-Schultz-Flory distribution while the catalyst suppressed methanol and ethanol formation. The optimum reaction conditions were estimated to be at temperature of 340°C, pressure of 117?bar, gas hourly space velocity of 27?000?mL?g–1h–1 and H2/CO molar feed ratio of 1. A kinetic network has been considered and kinetic parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression of the experimental data. The results indicated an increasing apparent activation energy of alcohols with the length of alcohols except for ethanol. The lower apparent activation energy of alcohols compared with hydrocarbon evidenced the efficiency of this catalyst system to facilitate the formation of higher alcohols.

Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction

As a favorite descriptor, the size effect of Cu-based catalysts has been regularly utilized for activity and selectivity regulation toward CO2/CO electroreduction reactions (CO2/CORR). However, little progress has been made in regulating the size of Cu nanoclusters at the atomic level. Herein, the size-gradient Cu catalysts from single atoms (SAs) to subnanometric clusters (SCs, 0.5–1 nm) to nanoclusters (NCs, 1–1.5 nm) on graphdiyne matrix are readily prepared via an acetylenic-bond-directed site-trapping approach. Electrocatalytic measurements show a significant size effect in both the activity and selectivity toward CO2/CORR. Increasing the size of Cu nanoclusters will improve catalytic activity and selectivity toward C2+ productions in CORR. A high C2+ conversion rate of 312 mA cm?2 with the Faradaic efficiency of 91.2 % are achieved at ?1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) over Cu NCs. The activity/selectivity-size relations provide a clear understanding of mechanisms in the CO2/CORR at the atomic level.

Hydrodechlorination of CCl4 over carbon-supported palladium-gold catalysts prepared by the reverse "water-in-oil" microemulsion method

Two series of carbon-supported Pd-Au catalysts were prepared by the reverse "water-in-oil, W/O" method, characterized by various techniques and investigated in the reaction of tetrachloromethane with hydrogen at 423K. The synthesized nanoparticles were reasonably monodispersed having an average diameter of 4-6nm (Pd/C and Pd-Au/C) and 9nm (Au/C). Monometallic palladium catalysts quickly deactivated during the hydrodehalogenation of CCl4. Palladium-gold catalysts with molar ratio Pd:Au=90:10 and 85:15 were stable and much more active than the monometallic palladium and Au-richer Pd-Au catalysts. The selectivity toward chlorine-free hydrocarbons (especially for C2+ hydrocarbons) was increased upon introducing small amounts of gold to palladium. Simultaneously, for the most active Pd-Au catalysts, the selectivity for undesired dimers C2HxCly, which are considered as coke precursors, was much lower than for monometallic Pd catalysts. Reasons for synergistic effects are discussed. During CCl4 hydrodechlorination the Pd/C and Pd-Au/C catalysts were subjected to bulk carbiding.

Thermal isomerization of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (FC-134) to 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (FC-134a) in the presence of hydrogen

The mechanism of the high-temperature, gas-phase isomerization of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (FC-134) to 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (FC-134a) in the presence of H2 has been explored both experimentally and computationally. Studies of the impact of temperature, H2/FC-134 ratio, and contact time on conversion and yield, as well as a study of deuterium incorporation when D2 was used in place of H2, led to the conclusion that a free radical chain mechanism involving rearrangement of CHF2CF2· to CF3CHF· is involved.

Effects of Potassium on Carbon Monoxide Methanation over Supported Rhodium Films

The reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide over Rh/Al2O3 and Rh/TiO2 catalytic films, some of which contained potassium as an additive, has been investigated.The presence of potassium caused the usual gem dicarbonyl and linear CO species on supported rhodium to disappear at lower temperature than for catalysts containing no potassium.On the other hand, the bridged carbonyl species seemed to be significantly enhanced by the presence of potassium.The Rh/TiO2 films to which potassium was added catalyzed the production of significant amounts of acetone and acetaldehyde as oxygeneted products.It is likely that bridged carbonyl species is the precursor to oxygenated products.

H-atom transfer is a preferred antioxidant mechanism of curcumin

Antioxidant mechanisms of curcumin, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, have been studied by laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis. The keto-enol-enolate equilibrium of the heptadienone moiety of curcumin determines its physicochemical and antioxidant properties. In neutral and acidic aqueous solutions (from pH 3 to 7), the keto form dominates, and curcumin acts as an extraordinarily potent H-atom donor. The reaction rate constant with the methyl radical (3.5 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1 is close to diffusion control in 40% aqueous DMSO at pH 5. The terf-butoxyl radical reacts with curcumin in acetonitrile solutions at a diffusion controlled rate, k = (7.5 ± 0.8) × 109M-1 s-1. The apparent site of reaction is the central CU2 group in the heptadienone link, which has two labile hydrogens. This is supported by comparing the reaction patterns of curcumin and dehydrozingerone (DHZ) ("half-curcumin", 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one). DHZ does not react with the methyl radical, indicating that the presence of the labile hydrogens is crucial for the H-atom donating ability of curcumin. The terf-butoxyl radical reacts with DHZ at almost an order of magnitude lower rate (1.1 ± 0.1) × 109 M-1 s-1, clearly abstracting an H-atom from the phenolic OH group. The reaction mechanism of curcumin changes dramatically above pH 8, where the enolate form of the heptadienone link predominates. As a consequence, the reaction of the methyl radical diminishes completely in alkaline media, and the phenolic part of the molecule takes over as (electron donor) reaction site. The electron donating ability of curcumin is assessed from the measurements of one-electron-transfer equilibria of DHZ radicals. Reduction potential of the DHZ phenoxyl radical, E(pH = 6.5) = 0.83 ± 0.06 V, and E(pH = 13.0) = 0.47 ± 0.06 V vs NHE, which may be expected for an ortho-methoxy-substituted phenoxyl radical, indicate only moderate electron-donating ability. The importance of H-atom donation vs electron donation in free radical scavenging and antioxidant mechanisms of curcumin is discussed.