4733-41-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Stable group 8 metal porphyrin mono- And bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity
Che, Chi-Ming,Huang, Jie-Sheng,Low, Kam-Hung,Wan, Qingyun,Wang, Hai-Xu,Zhang, Jun-Long,Zhou, Cong-Ying
, p. 2243 - 2259 (2020/03/11)
Alkyl-substituted carbene (CHR or CR2, R = alkyl) complexes have been extensively studied for alkylcarbene (CHR) ligands coordinated with high-valent early transition metal ions (a.k.a. Schrock carbenes or alkylidenes), yet dialkylcarbene (CR2) complexes remain less developed with bis(dialkylcarbene) species being little (if at all) explored. Herein, several group 8 metal porphyrin dialkylcarbene complexes, including Fe- and Ru-mono(dialkylcarbene) complexes [M(Por)(Ad)] (1a,b, M = Fe, Por = porphyrinato dianion, Ad = 2-adamantylidene; 2a,b, M = Ru) and Os-bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes [Os(Por)(Ad)2] (3a-c), are synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Detailed investigations into their electronic structures reveal that these complexes are formally low-valent M(ii)-carbene in nature. These complexes display remarkable thermal stability and chemical inertness, which are rationalized by a synergistic effect of strong metal-carbene covalency, hyperconjugation, and a rigid diamondoid carbene skeleton. Various spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations suggest that the dialkylcarbene Ad ligand is unique compared to other common carbene ligands as it acts as both a potent σ-donor and π-acceptor; its unique electronic and structural features, together with the steric effect of the porphyrin macrocycle, make its Fe porphyrin complex 1a an active and robust catalyst for intermolecular diarylcarbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation (up to 90% yield) and X-H (X = S, N, O, C) insertion (up to 99% yield) reactions.
Practical preparation of diphenylmethyl ethers from 2-diphenylmethoxypyridine using catalytic iron(III) chloride
Tran, Van Hieu,La, Minh Thanh,Kim, Hee-Kwon
, p. 6221 - 6228 (2019/07/04)
A novel facile synthetic method for producing diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers from 2-diphenylmethoxypyridine was developed. A variety of DPM ethers was successfully achieved with high yield via treatment of alcohols with 2-diphenylmethoxypyridine in the presence of catalytic FeCl3. The procedure is a practical and efficient synthetic procedure to protect various alcohols, and it can be applied to prepare bioactive compounds.
Base-Mediated O-Arylation of Alcohols and Phenols by Triarylsulfonium Triflates
Ming, Xiao-Xia,Tian, Ze-Yu,Zhang, Cheng-Pan
supporting information, p. 3370 - 3379 (2019/11/03)
A mild and efficient protocol for O-arylation of alcohols and phenols (ROH) by triarylsulfonium triflates was developed under transition-metal-free conditions. Various alcohols, including primary, secondary and tertiary, and phenols bearing either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl rings were smoothly converted to form the corresponding aromatic ethers in moderate to excellent yields. The reactions were conducted at 50 or 80 °C for 24 h in the presence of a certain base and showed good functional group tolerance. The base-mediated arylation with asymmetric triarylsulfonium salts could selectively transfer the aryl groups of sulfoniums to ROH, depending on their inherent electronic nature. The mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction might proceed through the nucleophilic attack of the in situ formed alkoxy or phenoxy anions at the aromatic carbon atoms of the C?S bonds of triarylsulfonium cations to furnish the target products.
Ambident Reactivity of Phenolate Anions Revisited: A Quantitative Approach to Phenolate Reactivities
Mayer, Robert J.,Breugst, Martin,Hampel, Nathalie,Ofial, Armin R.,Mayr, Herbert
, p. 8837 - 8858 (2019/07/08)
Prompted by the observation that the regioselectivities of phenolate reactions (C versus O attack) are opposite to the predictions by the principle of hard and soft acids and bases, we performed a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation of phenolate reactivities. Rate and equilibrium constants for the reactions of various phenolate ions with benzhydrylium ions (Aryl2CH+) and structurally related quinone methides have been determined photometrically in polar aprotic solvents. Quantum chemical calculations at the SMD(MeCN)/M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level confirmed that O attack is generally favored under kinetically controlled conditions, whereas C attack is favored under thermodynamically controlled conditions. Exceptions are diffusion-limited reactions with strong electrophiles, which give mixtures of products arising from O and C attack, as well as reactions with metal alkoxides in nonpolar solvents, where oxygen attack is blocked by strong ion pairing. The Lewis basicity (LB) and nucleophilicity (N, sN) parameters of phenolates determined in this work can be used to predict whether their reactions with electrophiles are kinetically or thermodynamically controlled and whether the rates are activation- or diffusion-limited. Comparison of the measured rate constants for the reactions of phenolates with carbocations with the Gibbs energies for single-electron transfer manifests that these reactions proceed via polar mechanisms.
From insertion to multicomponent coupling: Temperature dependent reactions of arynes with aliphatic alcohols
Thangaraj, Manikandan,Bhojgude, Sachin Suresh,Mane, Manoj V.,Biju, Akkattu T.
supporting information, p. 1665 - 1668 (2016/01/30)
The temperature dependent selectivity switch in the reaction of arynes with aliphatic alcohols in THF has been reported. At -20°C, arynes smoothly insert into the O-H bond of alcohols to form alkyl aryl ethers. Interestingly, at 60°C, a highly selective multicomponent coupling occurs with the solvent THF acting as the nucleophilic trigger affording (4-(alkoxy)butoxy)arenes.
Copper-mediated arylation with arylboronic acids: Facile and modular synthesis of triarylmethanes
Rao, H. Surya Prakash,Rao, A. Veera Bhadra
, p. 496 - 504 (2016/04/05)
A facile and modular synthesis of triarylmethanes was achieved in good yield via a two-step sequence in which the final step is the copper(II)-catalyzed arylation of diarylmethanols with arylboronic acids. By using this protocol a variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical triarylmethanes were synthesized. As an application of the newly developed methodology, we demonstrate a highyielding synthesis of the triarylmethane intermediate towards an anti-breast-cancer drug candidate.
The rearrangement of the trityloxy radical: Sherlock holmes' most recent case
Bucher, Goetz
scheme or table, p. 6934 - 6935 (2010/12/18)
Reopening the case: One hundred years after Wieland's original publication, the rearrangement of the trityloxy radical was studied by K. Ingold et al., who investigated the title reaction with the logical reasoning and intellectual prowess of true detecti
Isomerization of triphenylmethoxyl: The wieland free-radical rearrangement revisited a century later
DiLabio, Gino A.,Ingold,Lin, Shuqiong,Litwinienko, Grzegorz,Mozenson, Olga,Mulder, Peter,Tidwell, Thomas T.
supporting information; scheme or table, p. 5982 - 5985 (2010/10/02)
(Figure Presented) Old wisdom teaches a new lesson : The rate constant for the isomerization of thermally generated triphenylmethoxyl to Ph 2(PhO)C has been determined both experimentally and by DFT calculations (see scheme), and the results vindicated Wieland's 1911 observations and conclusions-in contrast to photochemically based findings.
Benzyl protection of phenols under neutral conditions: Palladium-catalyzed benzylations of phenols
Kuwano, Ryoichi,Kusano, Hiroki
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1979 - 1982 (2009/04/10)
Benzyl protection of phenols under neutral conditions was achieved by using a Pd(n3-C3H5)Cp-DPEphos catalyst. The palladium catalyst efficiently converted aryl benzyl carbonates into benzyl-protected phenols through the decarboxylative etherification. Alternatively, the nucleophilic substitution of benzyl methyl carbonates with phenols proceeded In the presence of the catalyst, yielding aryl benzyl ethers.
PdCl2, a useful catalyst for protection of alcohols as diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers
Bikard, Yann,Weibel, Jean-Marc,Sirlin, Claude,Dupuis, Luc,Loeffler, Jean-Philippe,Pale, Patrick
, p. 8895 - 8899 (2008/03/14)
Primary, secondary, benzylic and allylic alcohols are efficiently converted to the corresponding diphenylmethyl ethers in the presence of catalytic amounts of PdCl2.
