89125-89-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Winemaking Industry:
Sulfur dioxide is used as a preservative and antioxidant in winemaking to prevent oxidation and spoilage, as well as to control microbial growth.
Used in Food Industry:
In the food industry, sulfur dioxide is used as a preservative to prevent spoilage and discoloration, as well as an antioxidant to maintain the freshness and quality of various food products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Sulfur dioxide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Used in Environmental Applications:
Sulfur dioxide is used in flue gas desulfurization processes to remove sulfur compounds from industrial emissions, reducing air pollution and the formation of acid rain.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Sulfur dioxide is used as a reactant or catalyst in various chemical reactions, including the production of sulfuric acid, a key industrial chemical.

Potential Exposure

Sulfur dioxide is used in the manufacture of sodium sulfite, sulfuric acid; sulfuryl chloride; thionyl chloride; organic sulfonates; disinfectants, fumigants, glass, wine, ice, industrial and edible protein; and vapor pressure thermometers. It is also used in the bleaching of beet sugar, flour, fruit, gelatin, glue, grain, oil, straw, textiles, wicker ware; wood pulp; and wool; in the tanning of leather; in brewing and preserving; and in the refrigeration industry. Exposure may also occur in various other industrial processes as it is a by-product of ore smelting, coal and fuel oil combustion; paper manufacturing and petroleum refining.

Shipping

UN1079 Sulfur dioxide, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone C. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner

Incompatibilities

Reacts with water to form sulfurous acid, a medium-strong acid. Reacts violently with ammonia, acrolein, acetylene; alkali metals; such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc; chlorine, ethylene oxide; amines, butadiene. Attacks many metals including aluminum, iron, steel, brass, copper, nickel; especially in presence of water or steam. Incompatible with halogens. Attacks plastics, rubber and coatings.

Waste Disposal

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Pass into soda ash solution, then add calcium hypochlorite; neutralize and flush to sewer with water (A-38).

Upstream product

• 188290-36-0 thiophene 
• 7719-09-7 thionyl chloride 
• 64-18-6 formic acid 
• 7791-27-7 pyrosulfuryl chloride 
• 7719-12-2 phosphorus trichloride 
• 10026-13-8 phosphorus pentachloride 
• 10034-85-2 hydrogen iodide 
• 121714-78-1 iron(III) chloride hexahydrate 
• 22205-45-4 copper(I) sulfide 
• 7791-25-5 sulfuryl dichloride 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 7647-14-5 sodium chloride 
• 112926-00-8 silica gel 

Downstream Products

• 7783-86-0 ferrous iodide 
• 7704-34-9 sulfur 
• 14265-45-3 sulfite^(2-) 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 15579-17-6 trithionate 
• 14808-79-8 Sulfate 
• 14383-50-7 thiosulphate ion 
• 14844-07-6 dithionite^(2-) 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Photoinduced Sulfur-Nitrogen Bond Rotation and Thermal Nitrogen Inversion in Heterocumulene OSNSO

An exotic ternary S, N, O heterocumulene OSNSO in syn-syn (A) and syn-anti (B) conformations has been generated in the gas phase through flash vacuum pyrolysis of CF3S(O)NSO at 700 K. Upon visible light irradiation (570 ± 20 or 532 nm), both A and B, isolated in cryogenic matrices (N2, Ne, Ar, and Kr, a higher-energy anti-anti conformer (C). The reverse conformational transformation occurs either through S=N bond rotation (C to A and B) under visible light irradiation (400 ± 20 nm) at 2.8 K or through thermal nitrogen inversion (C to A) in the temperature range of 20-30 K, for which an exceptionally low activation barrier of 1.18 ± 0.07 kcal mol-1 has been experimentally determined.

Pt-core silica shell nanostructure: a robust catalyst for the highly corrosive sulfuric acid decomposition reaction in sulfur iodine cycle to produce hydrogen

The platinum core silica shell catalyst has facilitated stable sulfuric acid decomposition at higherature which was not possible over bare Pt nanoparticles due to sintering and agglomeration. Helium (He) gas supplies the heat (550-900 °C) in a high temperature gas cooled reactor (VHTR). The major challenge is designing a stable catalyst for the variable heat efficiency of He. Pt catalysts loaded on different supports, such as SiC, Al2O3, SiC-Al2O3, BaSO4, TiO2, SBA-15, and SiO2, have been extensively studied but they have not provided a simple method to form robust catalysts for sulfuric acid decomposition. The core-shell scheme, whereby nanoparticles are enclosed by protecting agents (CTAB) and are covered by a silica shell, delivered mesopores and exhibited higher activity and stability over testing for more than 100 h. TEM images confirmed that the Pt particles on the Pt@mSiO2 catalyst are more stable during sulfuric acid decomposition, and no significant evidence of agglomeration or sintering of the Pt core particles was found, despite some broken shells and dislocated Pt nanoparticles from the silica core. ICP-OES analysis of the spent catalysts after 100 h showed minimal Pt loss (9.0%). These types of catalysts are highly desirable for practical applications. This journal is

In Situ Modulation of A-Site Vacancies in LaMnO3.15 Perovskite for Surface Lattice Oxygen Activation and Boosted Redox Reactions

Modulation of A-site defects is crucial to the redox reactions on ABO3 perovskites for both clean air application and electrochemical energy storage. Herein we report a scalable one-pot strategy for in situ regulation of La vacancies (VLa) in LaMnO3.15 by simply introducing urea in the traditional citrate process, and further reveal the fundamental relationship between VLa creation and surface lattice oxygen (Olatt) activation. The underlying mechanism is shortened Mn?O bonds, decreased orbital ordering, promoted MnO6 bending vibration and weakened Jahn–Teller distortion, ultimately realizing enhanced Mn-3d and O-2p orbital hybridization. The LaMnO3.15 with optimized VLa exhibits order of magnitude increase in toluene oxidation and ca. 0.05 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) increase of half-wave potential in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The reported strategy can benefit the development of novel defect-meditated perovskites in both heterocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Sodium and Calcium Fluorides

Abstract: It was established that the oxidation reactions of sulfur dioxide occur in aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride and in suspensions of calcium fluoride at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was found that the solutions of NaF and CaFs

Metal- And Base-Free C(sp2)-H Arylsulfonylation of Enamides for Synthesis of (E)-β-Amidovinyl Sulfones via the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide

A metal- and base-free C(sp2)-H direct arylsulfonylation of secondary and tertiary enamides with aryldiazonium salts and ex situ generated SO2 (from SOgen) is presented. This method runs smoothly to produce β-amidovinyl sulfones with excellent stereoselectivities in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this strategy features good functional group tolerance and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Mechanistic experiments indicate that this sulfonylation may proceed in a radical pathway.

Copper-Catalyzed Chloro-Arylsulfonylation of Styrene Derivatives via the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide

A copper-catalyzed four-component chloro-arylsulfonylation of styrene derivatives with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, lithium chloride, and ex-situ generated sulfur dioxide (from SOgen) is presented. This sulfonylation features good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, excellent regioselectivity, and good yields. The robustness and potential of this method have also been successfully demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction. Based on experimental study, a radical-involved mechanism is proposed for the transformation.

The tin sulfates Sn(SO4)2and Sn2(SO4)3: Crystal structures, optical and thermal properties

We report the crystal structures of two tin(iv) sulfate polymorphs Sn(SO4)2-I (P21/c (no. 14), a = 504.34(3), b = 1065.43(6), c = 1065.47(6) pm, β = 91.991(2)°, 4617 independent reflections, 104 refined parameters, wR2 = 0.096) and Sn(SO4)2-II (P21/n (no. 14), a = 753.90(3), b = 802.39(3), c = 914.47(3) pm, β = 92.496(2)°, 3970 independent reflections, 101 refined parameters, wR2 = 0.033). Moreover, the first heterovalent tin sulfate Sn2(SO4)3 is reported which adopts space group P1 (no. 2) (a = 483.78(9), b = 809.9(2), c = 1210.7(2) pm, α = 89.007(7)°, β = 86.381(7)°, γ = 73.344(7)°, 1602 independent reflections, 152 refined parameters, wR2 = 0.059). Finally, SnSO4-the only tin sulfate with known crystal structure-was revised and information complemented. The optical and thermal properties of all tin sulfates are investigated by FTIR, UV-vis, luminescence and 119Sn M?ssbauer spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetry and compared.

Defect enriched N-doped carbon nanoflakes as robust carbocatalysts for H2S selective oxidation

Nanocarbons have emerged as low-cost, efficient and durable nonmetallic catalysts for H2S selective oxidation. However, the most efficient active sites for H2S activation remain elusive, which restricts further development of high-pe

Efficient and Practical Synthesis of Sulfonamides Utilizing SO2 Gas Generated on Demand

A simple and practical protocol was developed for the synthesis of sulfonamides by reacting organometallic reagents with SO2 gas generated on demand. SO2 was generated from readily available reagents safely in a highly contained and controlled fashion. The protocol allows the synthesis of sulfonamides without using either atom-inefficient SO2 surrogates or a SO2 cylinder that requires stringent storage regulations in the laboratory. The protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of sildenafil.

Capture of the Sulfur Monoxide-Hydroxyl Radical Complex

The elusive hydrogen-bonded sulfur monoxide-hydroxyl radical complex (?OH···OS), a missing intermediate in the atmospheric chemistry of SO2, was generated in the 266 nm laser photolysis of the sulfinyl radical HOSO?in cryogenic Ar-matrixes. In addition to the IR spectroscopic characterization with deuteration, its thermal conversion to HOSO?with an activation barrier of 0.33 ± 0.11 kcal mol-1 (calcd 0.32 kcal mol-1, CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ) in the temperature range of 15.0-21.0 K and a H/D kinetic isotope effect of 2.4 at 16.0 K have been observed.