What does dipeptidyl peptidase 4 do?

August 10, 2023

What is DPP-4

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme that plays a role in the regulation of blood sugar levels. It is primarily found on the surface of certain cells, including immune cells, kidney cells, and cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

Features of DPP-4

One of the main functions of DPP-4 is the degradation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). GLP-1 (cas 87805-34-3) and GIP are released from the gut in response to food intake and stimulate the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels. By cleaving and inactivating GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-4 reduces their half-life and limits their activity. This ultimately results in a decrease in insulin secretion and a rise in blood glucose levels. Therefore, inhibitors of DPP-4, known as DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins, are used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes to enhance the action of GLP-1 and GIP, leading to improved blood sugar control.