Chapter 4 - Acidity in Crude Oils: Naphthenic Acids and Naphthenates

Add time:09/03/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

The main compounds responsible for acidity in crude oils are naphthenic acids, though other heteroatomic species are also acidic, particularly sulfur-containing compounds. Total acid number (TAN) measured in mg KOH/g-sample is the most used unit of acidity. A TAN threshold of 0.5 mg KOH/g has been established as the minimum TAN of a category of crude oils known as high-acid (or TAN) crude. These crude oils cause a variety of problems in the whole value chain of the oil industry. This chapter will review the knowledge associated with the origin, isolation, identification, characterization, properties, and problems derived and caused by acid compounds and mostly by naphthenic acids. Additionally, the current practices used in refining for coping with these problems are also surveyed.

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