- Reactivity and the mechanisms of reactions of β-sultams with nucleophiles
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Ethane-1,2-sultam has a pKa of 12.12±0.06 at 30 °C and its rate of alkaline hydrolysis shows a pH-dependence reflecting this so that the observed pseudo first-order rate constant at phs above the pKa are pH independent. There is no evidence of neighbouring group participation in the hydrolysis of either N-α-carboxybenzylethane-1,2-sultam or N-(hydroxyaminocarbonylmethyl)-2-benzylethane-1,2-sultam. Oxyanions, but not amines or thiols, react with N-benzoylethane-1,2-sultam in water by a nucleophilic ring opening reaction confirmed by product analysis and kinetic solvent isotope effects. A Bronsted plot for this reaction has two distinct correlations with βnuc = 0.52 and 0.65 for weak and strong bases, respectively, although a statistically corrected plot may indicate a single correlation.
- Wood, J. Matthew,Hinchliffe, Paul S.,Laws, Andrew P.,Page, Michael I.
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- Oxyhalogen sulfur chemistry: Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of a Bunte salt 2-aminoethanethiolsulfuric acid by chlorite
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Spectrophotometric and 1H NMR methods have been used to study the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the Bunte salt, 2-aminoethanethiol sulfuric acid, H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H (AETSA) by chlorite in mildly acidic media. The reaction is characterized by a long quiescent induction period followed by rapid and autocatalytic production of chlorine dioxide. The formation of chlorine dioxide is much more pronounced in stoichiometric excess of chlorite. The stoichiometry of the reaction in excess chlorite just before formation of chlorine dioxide was determined to be: 2ClO2- + H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H → ClNHCH2CH2SO3H + SO4-2 + Cl- + H+, while in excess AETSA the stoichiometry was: 3ClO2- + 2H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H + 2H20 → 2NH2CH2CH2SO3H + 2SO4-2 + 3Cl- + 4H+. Although the products in excess chlorite also included pure taurine and dichlorotaurine, monochlorotaurine was the dominant species at pH 1-3. This Bunte salt showed a facile S-S bond cleavage after a single S-oxygenation step on the inner sulfur atom. The sulfoxide is quite stable but there was no experimental evidence for the existence of the sulfone-sulfonic acid. Sulfate production was almost quantitative for the oxidation of only one of the sulfur atoms. Further reaction of the taurine occurred only on the nitrogen atom with no cleavage of the C-S bond. A 21-reaction kinetics scheme model gave reasonable agreement with experiment.
- Chinake,Mundoma,Olojo,Chigwada,Simoyi
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- Nucleophilic substitution reactions of N-chloramines: Evidence for a change in mechanism with increasing nucleophile reactivity
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Third-order rate constants (kNu)H (M-2 s-1) for the hydronium ion catalyzed reactions of a range of nucleophiles with N-chlorotaurine (1) in water at 25°C and I = 0.5 (NaClO4) are reported. The solvent deuterium isotope effects on hydronium ion catalysis of the reaction with 1 of bromide and iodide ion are (kBr)H/(kBr)D = 0.30 and (k I)H/(kI)D = 0.54, respectively. The inverse nature of these isotope effects and the absence of general acid catalysis are consistent with a stepwise mechanism involving protonation of 1 in a fast preequilibrium step. The appearance of strong catalysis by general acids for the reaction of the more nucleophilic SO32- and HOCH2CH2S- with the chloramine indicates a change to a concerted mechanism, with protonation of the chloramine at nitrogen and chlorine transfer to the nucleophile occurring in a single step. A rough estimate of the lifetime of the protonated chloramine in the presence of the thiolate anion suggests that the concerted mechanism is enforced by the absence of a significant lifetime of the protonated substrate in contact with the nucleophile. Theoretical calculations provide evidence against an electron-transfer mechanism for chlorination of the nucleophiles by protonated 1.
- Calvo, Paula,Crugeiras, Juan,Rios, Ana,Rios, Miguel A.
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- Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and its long-sought hydroperoxyflavin intermediate
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Out of the five isoforms of human flavin-containing monooxygenase (hFMO), FMO1 and FMO3 are the most relevant to Phase I drug metabolism. They are involved in the oxygenation of xenobiotics including drugs and pesticides using NADPH and FAD as cofactors. Majority of the characterization of these enzymes has involved hFMO3, where intermediates of its catalytic cycle have been described. On the other hand, research efforts have so far failed in capturing the same key intermediate that is responsible for the monooxygenation activity of hFMO1. In this work we demonstrate spectrophotometrically the formation of a highly stable C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate of hFMO1 upon reduction by NADPH and in the presence of O2. The measured half-life of this flavin intermediate revealed it to be stable and not fully re-oxidized even after 30 min at 15 °C in the absence of substrate, the highest stability ever observed for a human FMO. In addition, the uncoupling reactions of hFMO1 show that this enzyme is 2O2 with no observable superoxide as confirmed by EPR spin trapping experiments. This behaviour is different from hFMO3, that is shown to form both H2O2 and superoxide anion radical as a result of ～50% uncoupling. These data are consistent with the higher stability of the hFMO1 intermediate in comparison to hFMO3. Taken together, these data demonstrate the different behaviours of these two closely related enzymes with consequences for drug metabolism as well as possible toxicity due to reactive oxygen species.
- Catucci, Gianluca,Cheropkina, Hanna,Fenoglio, Ivana,Gilardi, Gianfranco,Marucco, Arianna,Sadeghi, Sheila J.
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- Oxyhalogen-sulfur chemistry: Non-linear oxidation of 2-aminoethanethiolsulfuric acid (AETSA) by bromate in acidic medium
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The reaction between bromate and 2-aminoethanethiolsulfuric acid, H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H (AETSA), has been studied in high acid environments. The stoichiometry in excess AETSA is BrO3- + H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H + H2O → H2NCH2CH2SO3H + SO42- + 2H+ + Br- . In excess BrO3- the stoichiometry is: 7BrO3- + 5H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H → 5Br(H)NCH2CH2SO3H + 5SO42- + Br2 + 3H+ + H2O. The reaction displays clock reaction characteristics in which there is initial quiescence followed by a sudden and rapid formation of Br2(aq). The oxidation proceeds by successive addition of oxygen on the inner sulfur atom followed by cleavage of the S-S bond to form taurine and SO42-. The Br2(aq) and the HOBr in solution oxidize the taurine to form a mixture of monobromotaurine and dibromotaurine. Computer simulations of a proposed 13-step reaction scheme produced a reasonable fit to the experimental data.
- Darkwa, James,Mundoma, Claudius,Simoyi, Reuben H.
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- Antioxidant chemistry: Hypotaurine-taurine oxidation by chlorite
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Extensive experimental data have been collected on the oxidation of hypotaurine, H2NCH2CH2SO2H, by chlorite and chlorine dioxide. Hypotaurine is stable and reacts slowly with chlorite to give taurine, hypotaurine sulfonic acid, and monochloro- and dichlorotaurine. However, it reacts rapidly with chlorine dioxide with a second-order rate constant of 801 M-1 s-1 to give taurine. Oxidation occurs simultaneously at the sulfur center (to give the sulfonic acid) and at the nitrogen center (to give the chloramines). The stoichiometry of the reaction was experimentally determined to be ClO2- + H2NCH2CH2SO2H + H+ → ClHNCH2CH2SO3H + H2O. The formation of dichlorotaurine is favored only in high acid environments.
- Martincigh, Bice S.,Mundoma, Claudius,Simoyi, Reuben H.
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- Bioactive metabolites from the Caribbean sponge Aka coralliphagum
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The chemistry of the burrowing sponge Aka coralliphagum was investigated to identify chemically labile secondary metabolites. The HPLC-MS analysis of the two growth forms typica and incrustans revealed different metabolites. The previously unknown sulfated compounds siphonodictyals B1 to B3 (6-8), corallidictyals C (9) and D (10), and siphonodictyal G (11) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments. The compounds were tested in a DPPH assay, in antimicrobial assays against bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, and in antiproliferation assays using cultures of mouse fibroblasts. The biological activity was linked to the presence of the ortho-hydroquinone moiety.
- Grube, Achim,Assmann, Michael,Lichte, Ellen,Sasse, Florenz,Pawlik, Joseph R.,Koeck, Matthias
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- Oxyhalogen-sulfur chemistry: Oxidation of 2-aminoethanethiolsulfuric acid by iodate in acidic medium
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The oxidation of 2-aminoethanethiolsulfuric acid, AETSA, by iodate has been studied in highly acidic media. The reaction is very slow and shows some clock-reaction characteristics in which iodine is formed after some induction period. The oxidation of AETSA involves the oxidation of only one of the sulfur atoms to SO42-. The other sulfur atom remains attached to the carbon chain as a sulfonic acid (taurine). The stoichiometry of the reaction is: IO3- + H2NCH2CH2S-SO3H + H2O → H2NCH2CH2SO3H + I- + SO42- + 2H+. The reaction of I2 and AETSA was found to be slow and autoinhibitory as the I- formed combines with the remaining I2 to form the relatively unreactive triiodide ion, I3-. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between I2 and AETSA was determined as 16.7 ± 2.3 M-1 s-1.
- Mundoma, Claudius,Simoyi, Reuben H.
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- Oxyhalogen-sulfur chemistry - Kinetics and mechanism of the bromate oxidation of cysteamine
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The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of the biologically important molecule, cysteamine. by acidic bromate and molecular bromine have been studied. In excess acidic bromate conditions, cysteamine is oxidized to N-brominated derivatives, and in excess cysteamine the oxidation product is taurine according to the following stoichiometry: BrO3- + H 2NCH2CH2SH → H2NCH 2CH2SO3H + Br-. There is quantitative formation of taurine before N-bromination commences. Excess aqueous bromine oxidizes cysteamine to give dibromotaurine: 5Br2 + H 2NCH2CH2SH + 3H2O → Br 2NCH2CH2SO3H + 8Br- + 8H+, while excess cysteamine conditions gave monobromotaurine. The oxidation of cysteamine by aqueous bromine is effectively diffusion-controlled all the way to the formation of monobromotaurine. Further formation of dibromotaurine is dependent on acid concentrations, with highly acidic conditions inhibiting further reaction towards formation of dibromotaurine. The formation of the N-brominated derivatives of taurine is reversible, with taurine regenerated in the presence of a reducing agent such as iodide. This feature makes it possible for taurine to moderate hypobromous acid toxicity in the physiological environment.
- Morakinyo, Moshood K.,Chikwana, Edward,Simoyi, Reuben H.
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- Trofosides A and B and other cytostatic steroid-derived compounds from the far east starfish Trofodiscus ueber
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Three new polar steroids identified as trofoside A, 20R,24S)-24-O-(3-O- methyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-3β,6α,8,15β,24-pentahydroxy- 5α-cholestane, its 22(23)-dehydro derivative (trofoside B), and 15-sulfooxy-(20R,24S)-5α-cholestane-3β,6β,8,15α, 24-pentaol sodium salt, were isolated fromTrofodiscus ueber starfish extracts collected in the Sea of Ohotsk. Two known compounds, trofoside A aglycone, (20R,24S)-3β,6α,8,15β,24-pentahydroxy-5α- cholestane, and triseramide, (20R,24R,25S,22E)-24-methyl-3β6α,8, 15β-tetrahydroxy-5α-cholest-22-en-27-oic acid (2-sulfoethyl)amide sodium salt, were also found. The structures of the isolated polyoxysteroids were established from their spectra. Minimal concentrations causing degradation of unfertilized egg-cells of the sea-urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius(C min) and terminating the cell division at the stage of the first division (C min embr.), as well as the concentrations causing 50% immobilization of sperm cells (OC50) and inhibiting their ability to fertilize egg-cells by 50% (IC50) were determined for the isolated compounds. Of three compounds highly toxic in embryos and sea-urchin sperm cells, the polyol with a sulfo group in the steroid core was the most active; two glycosides with monosaccharide chains located at C3 and C24 atoms were less toxic. Note that all the compounds with the spermiotoxic activities differently affected the embryo development. The positions of monosaccharide residues in the core considerably influence the compound activity. For example, both mono-and double chained glycosides with the monosaccharide fragment at C3 and fragments at C3 and C4 atoms are active against sea-urchin sperm cells and embryos, whereas the C24 glycosylated trofoside A does not affect embryos and displays a poor spermiotoxicity. Nauka/Interperiodica 2007.
- Levina,Kalinovsky,Andriyashchenko,Menzorova,Dmitrenok
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- Xanthomonas maltophilia CBS 897.97 as a source of new 7β- and 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and cholylglycine hydrolase: Improved biotransformations of bile acids
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The paper reports the partial purification and characterization of the 7β- and 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) and cholylglycine hydrolase (CGH), isolated from Xanthomonas maltophilia CBS 897.97. The activity of 7β-HSDH and 7α-HSDH in the reduction of the 7-keto bile acids is determined. The affinity of 7β-HSDH for bile acids is confirmed by the reduction, on analytical scale, to the corresponding 7β-OH derivatives. A crude mixture of 7α- and 7β-HSDH, in soluble or immobilized form, is employed in the synthesis, on preparative scale, of ursocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids starting from the corresponding 7α-derivatives. On the other hand, a partially purified 7β-HSDH in a double enzyme system, where the couple formate/formate dehydrogenase allows the cofactor recycle, affords 6α-fluoro-3α, 7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (6-FUDCA) by reduction of the corresponding 7-keto derivative. This compound is not obtainable by microbiological route. The efficient and mild hydrolysis of glycinates and taurinates of bile acids with CGH is also reported. Very promising results are also obtained with bile acid containing raw materials.
- Pedrini, Paola,Andreotti, Elisa,Guerrini, Alessandra,Dean, Mariangela,Fantin, Giancarlo,Giovannini, Pier Paolo
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- Purification and characterization of the first archaeal glutamate decarboxylase from Pyrococcus horikoshii
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Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii was successfully expressed and purified, with the aim of developing a hyperthermostable GAD for industrial applications. Its biochemical properties were different from those reported for other GADs. The enzyme had broad substrate specificity, and its optimum pH and temperature were pH 8.0 and >97°C.
- Kim, Han-Woo,Kashima, Yasuhiro,Ishikawa, Kazuhiko,Yamano, Naoko
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- PROCESS SULFONATION OF AMINOETHYLENE SULFONIC ESTER TO PRODUCE TAURINE
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A process comprises continuously adding a first stream and a second stream to a sulfonation vessel, wherein the first stream comprises aminoethanol sulfate ester (AES) and the second stream comprises an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3). The process comprises continuously mixing the AES and the aqueous solution of Na2SO3 in the sulfonation vessel, thus producing a mixture. The process comprises continuously subjecting the mixture to heat in the presence of an inert gas, thus converting the AES to the taurine via sulfonation. In an aspect, the AES has a residence time of no more than four hours in the sulfonation vessel. In an aspect the heating step is conducted at a temperature of at least 115° C and a pressure of at least 200 psi.
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Paragraph 0030-0031
(2021/06/04)
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- Method for preparing taurine
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The invention discloses a method for preparing taurine, which comprises the following steps of: reacting ethylene oxide with hydrosulphite to generate isethionate, performing ammonolysis reaction on the isethionate and ammonia under a microwave condition, removing ammonia to obtain a taurine salt solution, converting the taurine salt solution into a taurine solution in manners of acidification, ion exchange, ionic membrane or heating and the like, and concentrating, crystallizing and extracting the taurine. The method can shorten the reaction time, reduce the reaction temperature and pressure, obtain high yield and reduce energy consumption.
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Paragraph 0062-0088; 0089-0101
(2021/06/22)
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- PROCESS SULFONATION OF AMINOETHYLENE SULFONIC ESTER WITH CARBON DIOXIDE ADDITION TO PRODUCE TAURINE
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A process for producing taurine, comprising mixing aminoethanol sulfate ester (AES) and a carbon dioxide, thus producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture in the presence of a sulfite or a bisulfite, or combination thereof, such that taurine is formed.
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Paragraph 47-49
(2021/10/02)
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- Taurine synthesis method (by machine translation)
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The invention provides a taurine synthesis method, and solves the problems of by-product accumulation, high temperature and high pressure in ammonia decomposition reaction, strong strong acid and strong base in acidification and the like in an addition reaction in a traditional taurine synthesis process. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out cyclization reaction of sulfur solution and ethylene contact to obtain a solution of sulfur dissolved in carbon disulfide; 2) carrying out an addition reaction with ammonia or liquid ammonia contact to obtain an amino thiol; 3) carrying out an oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst to obtain the crude taurine. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0036; 0039-0041; 0044-0045; 0048-0049; 0052
(2020/07/15)
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- METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RAPIDLY DECREASING EPIGENETIC AGE AND RESTORATION OF MORE YOUTHFUL FUNCTION
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Disclosed are methods and compositions of reducing the epigenetic age of mammalian organism, especially an adult human of geriatric age. The methods provide for the proliferation of endogenous stem cells using mitochondrial fusion and a UCP2 blocker or other stimulants; supplying stem cells with nutrition to prevent cell cycle arrest; and removal of senescent somatic cells using senolytic treatments. The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after plaque removal for the treatment of Alzheimer's is also disclosed.
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- Method for producing taurine and method for removing impurity from reaction system for producing taurine
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Provided is a method for producing taurine including: providing a reaction solution comprising alkali metal taurinate and/or alkali metal isethionate, passing at least a portion of the reaction solution through a column of basic anion exchange resin, adsorbing anions of alkali metal taurinate and/or alkali metal isethionate to the basic anion exchange resin, and collecting an eluate comprising at least one impurity, desorbing anions of alkali metal taurinate and/or alkali metal isethionate from the basic anion exchange resin with an alkaline solution, and collecting a desorption liquid comprising alkali metal taurinate and/or alkali metal isethionate, subjecting the desorption liquid comprising alkali metal taurinate to acidification or subjecting the desorption liquid comprising alkali metal isethionate to aminolysis and acidification, thereby obtaining taurine.
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Page/Page column 11
(2020/04/15)
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- Method for preparing taurine
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The invention relates to a method for preparing taurine. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out a sulfonation reaction on acetonitrile and SO3 to obtain cyanomethyl sulfonic acid;and (2) carrying out a hydrogenation reaction on the cyanomethyl sulfonic acid to obtain taurine, wherein the used raw materials nitrile, SO3 and H2 are cheap and easily available raw materials, and the used acetonitrile has no potential safety hazard similar to ethylene oxide. The method is low in raw material cost, high in raw material selectivity, mild in reaction condition, simple to operate and safe and environment-friendly in process.
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Paragraph 0103-0106
(2020/07/13)
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- Method for preparing taurine from sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate
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The invention provides a method for preparing taurine from sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate. An ionic liquid homogeneous catalyst is adopted to catalyze an ammonolysis reaction of sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate, and then steps of neutralization, crystallization separation and the like are carried out to obtain the finished taurine. Compared with a conventional alkaline catalyst, the ionic liquid homogeneous catalyst adopted in the process can significantly reduce the temperature and pressure of the ammonolysis reaction of the sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate, so that the reaction time is shortened, and industrial production is facilitated.
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Paragraph 0039-0050
(2019/04/10)
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- Method for preparing taurine
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The invention relates to a method for preparing taurine. The method comprises the following steps: (1) conducting an addition reaction on ethylene and SO2 to obtain thiirane 1,1-dioxide; and (2) conducting an aminolysis reaction on the thiirane 1,1-dioxide, ammonia and water to obtain taurine. The used raw materials, that is, ethylene, SO2 and ammonia are relatively cheap and readily available, and the used ethylene has no safety hazard of ethylene oxide. In addition, the taurine synthesis method provided by the invention has the advantages of green environment-friendly process, convenient operation, low cost, high yield and easy industrial production.
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Page/Page column 5-6
(2019/04/26)
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- Method for preparing taurine
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The invention provides a method for preparing taurine. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out an addition reaction on ethylene oxide and sodium hydrogen sulfite in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst so as to obtain sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate at high selectivity; carrying out an ammonolysis reaction on the synthesized sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate under catalysis of a homogeneous catalyst; and neutralizing, crystallizing, separating and the like, thereby obtaining the finished taurine. Compared with the traditional production process, the process disclosed by the invention has the advantages that by-products in the addition reaction process can be obviously reduced, the temperature and pressure of the ammonolysis reaction are reduced, the reaction time is shortened,and industrial production is easily realized.
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Paragraph 0045; 0046; 0048; 0050; 0052
(2019/04/06)
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- Taurine synthesizing process based on one-pot method
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The invention discloses a taurine synthesizing process based on a one-pot method. The reaction step includes the following steps: taking aminoethanol sulfate as an original material; taking ionic liquid as a reaction medium; and synthesizing taurine under proper temperature and a sulfonating reagent. According to the invention, the ionic liquid is used as the reaction medium, the taurine is synthesized by the 'one-pot method', the product taurine and a by-product inorganic salt are conveniently separated effectively; by using the process disclosed by the invention, the reaction rate of taurineproduction can be increased, the separation and purification can be simplified, and the production efficiency can be improved; and moreover, the ionic liquid can be recycled due to a green process.
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Paragraph 0017; 0027; 0030-0047
(2019/01/06)
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- A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TAURINE
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The present application provides a process for preducing taurine, comprising the steps as follows: (a) mixing isethionic acid with taurine salt solution until the system pH reaches a certain value in a range from 5.0 to 9.5; (b) separating liquid phase and solid phase of the system; wherein said solid phase is the crude product of taurine, and said liquid phase is isethionate solution; (c) reacting ammonia solution with said liquid phase obtained from step (b) to obtain taurine salt solution. It uses isethionic acid to adjust the pH of the taurine salt solution, avoiding the problem causing by using sulphate acid to adjust the pH in the traditional process. By the recycling use of the cations in taurine salts, a new raw material or reagent does not need to be added which is benefit to reducing the use of dangerous chemical materials, simplifying the production process greatly, improving the utilization rate of raw materials, increasing the yield of the product and decreasing production cost significantly.
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Paragraph 0028
(2018/08/09)
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- Method for preparing taurine
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There is disclosed a process for preparing taurine from alkali isethionate by reacting alkali taurinates in the solution of ammonolysis reaction of alkali isethionate with ammonium bisulfite or ammonium sulfite to obtain taurine and to regenerate alkali bisulfite or alkali sulfite, which is used to react with ethylene oxide to afford alkali isethionate.
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Page/Page column 4; 5
(2018/01/20)
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- Cyclic process for producing taurine
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There is disclosed a process for producing taurine from ammonium isethionate by the ammonolysis of alkali isethionate in the presence of alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to inhibit the formation of byproducts and to continuously convert the byproducts of the ammonolysis reaction to alkali taurinate. Alkali taurinate is reacted with ammonium isethionate to obtain taurine and to regenerate alkali isethionate. The production yield is increased to from 90% to nearly quantitative. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate.
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Page/Page column 5
(2017/09/15)
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- A process for preparing taurine (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a method for preparing taurine, especially relates to nitromethane as materials to prepare taurine. The method comprises the following steps: 1) the use of the neutralizing agent to adjust the pH value of the taurine ammonium, thus get the taurine and ammonium sulfite, and then separate out and leach taurine, to respectively obtain the taurine crude and contains a sulfurous acid ammonium filtrate; 2) will nitromethanes poly formaldehyde in the reaction under alkaline conditions, so as to obtain the nitro-ethanol; 3) step 1) obtained in the contains a sulfurous acid ammonium filtrate and step 2) obtained in the nitro-ethanol reaction, so as to obtain the nitro ethyl sulfonic acid ammonium; 4) the step 3) the obtained nitro ethyl ammonium using a reducing agent, so as to obtain taurine ammonium, after separation leaves the water level and catalyst, to obtain the taurine ammonium; 5) use of step 4) obtained in the taurine ammonium cycle step 1) to step 4). The method energy-saving, environmental protection, safety and reliability. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0055; 0056
(2017/06/09)
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- Method for preparing taurine and co-producing bicarbonate
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The invention discloses a method for preparing taurine and co-producing bicarbonate. The method comprises the step of leading carbon dioxide gas or adding a carbon dioxide water solution to an amino ethyl sulfonate water solution of alkali metal or ammonium to regulate a pH value so as to obtain the taurine and the bicarbonate. The method can replace an existing taurine preparation method of using sulfuric acid or sulfur dioxide to regulate the pH value, meanwhile can treat boiler exhaust gas, turns the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas into wealth, co-produces the bicarbonate and is a safe, environmentally-friendly and energy-saving method for producing the taurine and co-producing the bicarbonate.
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Paragraph 0045; 0046; 0047; 0048
(2016/10/08)
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- Cyclic process for the production of taurine from monoethanolamine
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A method is disclosed for the production of taurine in high yield by a cyclic process of reacting monoethanolamine, sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfite in the presence of additives to inhibit the hydrolysis of 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate intermediate. The cyclic process is economical and little waste is generated.
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Paragraph 0051; 0052; 0053
(2015/07/15)
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- Process for the production of taurine from ethanol
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The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of taurine from ethionic acid and ethanol by way of ethanol-derived ethionic acid by the ammonolysis of ethionic acid and by the ammonolysis of sodium isethionate and sodium vinyl sulfonate, key intermediates prepared from ethionic acid.
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Paragraph 0038-0039
(2015/08/04)
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- Process for the production of taurine from ethanol
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The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of taurine from ethionic acid and ethanol by way of ethanol-derived ethionic acid by the ammonolysis of ethionic acid and by the ammonolysis of sodium isethionate and sodium vinyl sulfonate, key intermediates prepared from ethionic acid.
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Page/Page column 6
(2015/09/28)
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- Cyclic process for the production of taurine from ethylene oxide
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The present invention discloses a cyclic process for the production of taurine from ethylene oxide in a high yield of greater than 95% by continuously converting the byproducts of the ammonolysis reaction, sodium ditaurinate and sodium tritaurinate, to sodium taurinate. The cyclic process is completed by using sulfur dioxide or sulfurous acid to neutralize sodium taurinates to recover taurine and to regenerate sodium bisulfite, which is then reacted with ethylene oxide.
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Page/Page column 4
(2015/07/02)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TAURINE
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The present disclosure provides a process for producing taurine, includes: adjusting a PH value of a sodium taurate solution by a S4+ compound; introducing ethylene oxide into the sodium taurate solution to produce sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate; separating crude taurine before or after introducing the ethylene oxide to the solution; and adding ammonia to the sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate reaction solution to be reacted with the reaction solution to reproduce sodium taurate. The process for producing taurine of the present disclosure makes use of the balances of the sodium bases in the system, recycles the mother liquor until the sodium taurate is reproduced out of the reactions in the mother liquor, and thus is capable of allowing taurine to be synthesized and extracted.
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Paragraph 0041-0047
(2014/05/08)
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- TAURINE PREPARATION METHOD
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The present disclosure provides a process for producing taurine, includes: adjusting a PH value of a sodium taurate solution by a S4+ compound; introducing ethylene oxide into the sodium taurate solution to produce sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate; separating crude taurine before or after introducing the ethylene oxide to the solution; and adding ammonia to the sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate reaction solution to be reacted with the reaction solution to reproduce sodium taurate. The process for producing taurine of the present disclosure makes use of the balances of the sodium bases in the system, recycles the mother liquor until the sodium taurate is reproduced out of the reactions in the mother liquor, and thus is capable of allowing taurine to be synthesized and extracted. The process for producing taurine provided in the present disclosure makes full use of the material, avoids using a large amount of dangerous chemical material such as liquid caustic soda and sulfuric acid used in the traditional production process. This avoids producing a large amount of sodium sulfate solid waste, solves the problem that in the traditional production process the mother liquor needs to be concentrated many times and the discharged mother liquor causes environmental pollution, reduces the amount of vapor required for the many times concentrations of the mother liquor, improves the yield rate of the product, and reduces the production cost.
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Paragraph 0023
(2014/07/23)
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- Glycation Cross-link Breakers to Increase Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation
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The present invention relates to a method to treat a grafts, implant, scaffold, and constructs, including allografts, xenografts, autografts, and prosthetics comprising collagen, with an inhibitor of collagen cross-links and/or advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), in order to alleviate the mechanical weakness induced by the cross-links The invention also provides for kits for use in the operating theater during autograft, allograft or xenograft procedures, or for preparing allograft, xenografts or prosthetics that have not been already treated prior to packaging. The kit comprises a first agent or agents that inhibit collagen cross-links and/or advanced glycation endproducts, instructions for use, optionally a wash or rinse agent, and a device for containing the graft and first agent.
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- Cyclic process for the production of taurine
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A method is disclosed for the production of taurine by a cyclic process of reacting ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite and ammonium to obtain sodium taurinate. After excess ammonia is removed from the reaction mixture, sodium taurinate is neutralized with sulfur dioxide or sulfurous acid to recover taurine and to regenerate sodium bisulfate, which is then reacted with ethylene oxide.
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Page/Page column 4
(2014/02/15)
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- New biocatalytic route for the production of enantioenriched β-alanine derivatives starting from 5- and 6-monosubstituted dihydrouracils
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Taking advantage of the catalytic promiscuity of pyrimidine-catabolism enzymes (dihydropyrimidinase (E.C. 3.5.2.2), N-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase (E.C. 3.5.1.6)), the production of different β-alanine derivatives starting from 5- and 6-monosubstituted dihydrouracils has been evaluated using a mimesis approach. In this work, the S-enantioselective character of dihydropyrimidinase from Sinorizhobium meliloti toward 6-monosubstituted dihydrouracil derivatives has been shown. An inverted R-/S-enantioselectivity of N-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens toward two different N-carbamoyl-β-amino acids has been proved. Our results have shown for the first time that this mimetic tandem constitutes an interesting biotechnological tool for the preparation of different β-alanine derivatives in an environmentally friendly way, allowing the production of enantioenriched (R)-α-phenyl-β-alanine (e.e. > 95%) and (R)-α-methyl-β-alanine (e.e. > 90%).
- Martínez-Gómez, Ana Isabel,Clemente-Jiménez, Josefa María,Rodríguez-Vico, Felipe,Kanerva, Liisa T.,Li, Xiang-Guo,Heras-Vázquez, Francisco Javier Las,Martínez-Rodríguez, Sergio
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p. 2090 - 2096
(2013/02/25)
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- COMPOSITION FOR TREATING SULFUR MUSTARD TOXICITY AND METHODS OF USING SAME
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One embodiment of the present invention provides a composition, comprising, in amounts effective to treat sulfur mustard or half sulfur mustard induced toxicity or skin damage: an agent that inhibits alkylation of —SH and >NH protein groups; an agent that reduces —SS— to SH; a scavenger of reactive oxygen species; a substrate that maintains tissue reduction-oxidation status; an agent that protects against invading inflammatory cells and associated oxidative stress; an antagonist of prostaglandin synthesis; and an agent that induces tissue regeneration. Methods of using the composition are also provided.
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- Capping Bioprosthetic Tissue to Reduce Calcification
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A treatment for bioprosthetic tissue used in implants or for assembled bioprosthetic heart valves to reduce in vivo calcification. The method includes applying a calcification mitigant such as a capping agent or an antioxidant to the tissue to specifically inhibit oxidation in tissue. Also, the method can be used to inhibit oxidation in dehydrated tissue. The capping agent suppresses the formation of binding sites in the tissue that are exposed or generated by the oxidation and otherwise would, upon implant, attract calcium, phosphate, immunogenic factors, or other precursors to calcification. In one method, tissue leaflets in assembled bioprosthetic heart valves are pretreated with an aldehyde capping agent prior to dehydration and sterilization.
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- A versatile synthesis of various substituted taurines from vicinal amino alcohols and aziridines
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Taurine and structurally diverse substituted taurines have been synthesized by peroxyformic acid, oxidation of the thiazolidine-2-thione intermediates generated from, vicinal amino alcohols or aziridines and carbon disulfide. The stereochemistry and mechanisms of the reactions are disscussed. The method is a salt-free and versatile route, convenient in terms of purification, and can be used to synthesize optically active substituted taurines.
- Chen, Ning,Jia, Weiyi,Xu, Jiaxi
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experimental part
p. 5841 - 5846
(2010/03/03)
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- IRRADIATED COMPOSITIONS AND TREATMENT OF CANCERS WITH RADIATION IN COMBINATION WITH TAUROLIDINE AND/OR TAURULTAM
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A composition formed by subjecting to ionizing radiation a combination containing a radiation-protective amount of PVP along with a solution, gel or adhesive including taurolidine, taurultam or a mixture thereof; or an aggregate including collagen-free crystals of taurolidine, taurultam or a mixture thereof.
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Page/Page column 20; 21
(2008/06/13)
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- Efficient synthesis of taurine and structurally diverse substituted taurines from aziridines
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Taurine and substituted taurines were synthesized efficiently from aziridines via ring-opening reaction with thioacetic acid, oxidation with performic acid, and hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid. The current method shows more benefit in purification and efficiency in the preparation of taurine and structurally diverse 2-substituted, 2,2-disubstituted, and 1,2-, 2,2-, and 2,N-alkylene taurines.
- Hu, Libo,Zhu, Hui,Du, Da-Ming,Xu, Jiaxi
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p. 4543 - 4546
(2008/02/05)
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- Anti-aging nutritional supplement
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An anti-aging nutritional supplement composition includes vitamins, minerals, an inflammatory process support, a blood sugar/insulin support, a botanical antioxidants, a methylating factor, a DNA repair agent, a fat metabolizer, an absorption enhancer, a brain function support, whole foods, a cellular energizer, a nucleotide precursor, amino acids, a fatty acid complex, and digestive enzymes. The composition supplies nutritional supplements necessary for proper glycation, DNA methylation, anti-oxidation, and control of inflammatory processes. The composition and the method of use provide an effective anti-aging treatment by decreasing DNA damage, increasing DNA repair, and improving immune function of human body.
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- Liver function improvement formulation
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A food supplement formulation effective to improve the function of the liver comprises selenium, milk thistle seed, phosphatidyl choline, dandelion root, l-methionine, l-taurine, N-acetyl-cysteine, alpha lipoic arid, artichoke leaf, green tea leaf, turmeric root, belleric myrobalan fruit, boerhavia diffusa, eclipta alba, wedelolactones tinospora cordifolia, andrographis paniculata, and picrorhiza kurroa.
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- Chemical properties of N-chlorotaurine sodium, a key compound in the human defence system
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N-Chlorotaurine (NCT) is known to play an important role in the human defence system. The already proved utility of the sodium salt as a disinfectant in human medicine suggested a thorough investigation of its chemical properties. Chlorine transfer to N-H groups (transhalogenation) and oxidation of thio and aromatic compounds represent its main reactions. Auto-chlorination causes disproportionation forming N,N-dichlorotaurine (NDCT) with Kd = [NDCT][taurine]/fa[NCT]2 aH+ = (4.5 ± 0.8) times; 106, while the reaction with ammonium releasing NH2Cl is characterised by KNHC2 = [NH2Cl][taurine]/[NCT][NH4+] fa2 = 0.02 ± 0.004. The verified unique stability and low-level reactivity of NCT are considered essential for its function in the mammalian defence system and its practical applicability, which manifests itself in an optimal compromise between microbicidal activity and toxicity.
- Gottardi, Waldemar,Nagl, Markus
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p. 411 - 421
(2007/10/03)
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- Amino-sulfonation of alkenes in a three-component reaction
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2-Aminoalkanesulfonic acids have been synthesized by a three-component alkene/SO3·-DMF/acetonitrile reaction, followed by hydrolysis. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was added to the amino-sulfonation mixture to accelerate the reaction and prevent the competitive formation of by-products. The reported two-step procedure provided a concise and versatile approach to new analogues of the natural amino acid taurine. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
- Cordero, Franca M.,Cacciarini, Martina,Machetti, Fabrizio,De Sarlo, Francesco
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p. 1407 - 1411
(2007/10/03)
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- Nor-bile acid derivatives, processes for their preparation and the use of these compounds as medicaments
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nor-Bile acid derivatives, processes for their preparation and the use of these compounds as medicaments nor-Bile acid derivatives of the formula I in which G1, G2 and X have the meanings given, processes for the preparation of these compounds and medicaments are described. On the basis of their pharmacological action, they can be used as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
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- Disazo dyestuffs
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Disazo dyestuffs have been found which, in the form of the free acid, correspond to the formula (I) STR1 represents H or an optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic radical and R1 to R6 and A have the meaning given in the description, which are outstandingly suitable for inkjet printing.
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- Synthesis and characterization of N-retinylidene derivatives of polar amino acids
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Water-soluble N-retinylideneamino acids were synthesized and their physicochemical characteristics studied. The latter included the kinetics of hydrolysis in water, aqueous ethanol, physiological solution, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The observed hydrolysis rate constants for N-retinylideneamino acids were shown to decrease in the order Ser > Asp > Taur > Met > Lys.
- Pshenichnikova,Karnaukhova,Mitsner,Shvets
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p. 744 - 747
(2007/10/03)
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- Phthalocyanine reactive dyestuffs
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Phthalocyanine reactive dyestuffs which, in the form of the free acid, have the formula (1) STR1 in which the variable radicals have the meaning given in the description, are prepared by condensation of the corresponding amines with cyanuric fluoride or cyanuric chloride in any desired order. The reactive dyestuffs according to the invention exhibit good wet and light fastness properties and are used for the dyeing and printing of cotton.
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