151103-08-1Relevant articles and documents
Identification of a PDE4-Specific Pocket for the Design of Selective Inhibitors
Feng, Xiaoqing,Wang, Huanchen,Ye, Mengchun,Xu, Xue-Tao,Xu, Ying,Yang, Wenzhe,Zhang, Han-Ting,Song, Guoqiang,Ke, Hengming
, p. 4518 - 4525 (2018)
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases, but improvement of inhibitor selectivity is still desirable for the enhancement of inhibitor potency. Here, we report identification of a water-containing subpocket as a PDE4-specific pocket for inhibitor binding. We designed against the pocket and synthesized two enantiomers of PDE4 inhibitor Zl-n-91. The (S)-Zl-n-91 enantiomer showed IC50 values of 12 and 20 nM for the catalytic domains of PDE4D2 and PDE4B2B, respectively, selectivity several thousand-fold greater than those of other PDE families, and potent neuroprotection activities. Crystal structures of the PDE4D2 catalytic domain in complex with each Zl-n-91 enantiomer revealed that (S)-Zl-n-91 but not (R)-Zl-n-91 formed a hydrogen bond with the bound water in the pocket, thus explaining its higher affinity. The structural superposition between the PDE families revealed that this water-containing subpocket is unique to PDE4 and thus valuable for the design of PDE4 selective inhibitors.
Diastereoselective synthesis and profiling of bicyclic imidazolidinone derivatives bearing a difluoromethylated catechol unit as potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors
Dorokhov, Valentin S.,Golovanov, Ivan S.,Tartakovsky, Vladimir A.,Sukhorukov, Alexey Yu.,Ioffe, Sema L.
, p. 6900 - 6908 (2018)
Metal-mediated C-H functionalization of cyclic N-oxides was exploited to access a series of new difluoromethylated analogs of imidazolidinone-based PDE4 inhibitor CMPI in a diastereoselective manner. Among the products synthesized, compounds with fine-tuned activity/selectivity profiles compared to both CMPI and the clinically applied apremilast were identified. From these studies, an unusual fused 1,2-oxazinoimidazolidinone heterocyclic system was suggested as a novel scaffold for the design of potent and selective PDE4 inhibitors. Computational studies suggest that the oxygen atom in the imidazolidinone unit can bind to the metal ion center (most likely Mg2+). DFT calculations of the relative interaction energies of inhibitors with Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions were performed on a model of the bimetal active site of PDE4.
Insight into GEBR-32a: Chiral resolution, absolute configuration and enantiopreference in PDE4D inhibition
Brullo, Chiara,Bruno, Olga,Cavalloro, Valeria,Collina, Simona,Donini, Stefano,Parisini, Emilio,Pignataro, Luca,Rapetti, Federica,Rossi, Daniela,Russo, Katia,Semrau, Marta S.,Storici, Paola,Torretta, Archimede,Vasile, Francesca
, (2020)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. One of its main consequences is memory loss, which is related to downstream effectors of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). A well-established strategy to avoid cAMP degradation is the inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE). In recent years, GEBR-32a has been shown to possess selective inhibitory properties against PDE type 4 family members, resulting in an improvement in spatial memory processes without the typical side effects that are usually correlated with this mechanism of action. In this work, we performed the HPLC chiral resolution and absolute configuration assignment of GEBR-32a. We developed an efficient analytical and semipreparative chromatographic method exploiting an amylose-based stationary phase, we studied the chiroptical properties of both enantiomers and we assigned their absolute configuration by 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Lastly, we measured the IC50 values of both enantiomers against both the PDE4D catalytic domain and the long PDE4D3 isoform. Results strongly support the notion that GEBR-32a inhibits the PDE4D enzyme by interacting with both the catalytic pocket and the regulatory domains.
Redox-Neutral TEMPO Catalysis: Direct Radical (Hetero)Aryl C?H Di- and Trifluoromethoxylation
Lee, Johnny W.,Lim, Sanghyun,Maienshein, Daniel N.,Liu, Peng,Ngai, Ming-Yu
supporting information, p. 21475 - 21480 (2020/10/02)
Applications of TEMPO. catalysis for the development of redox-neutral transformations are rare. Reported here is the first TEMPO.-catalyzed, redox-neutral C?H di- and trifluoromethoxylation of (hetero)arenes. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, has high functional-group tolerance, and can be employed for the late-stage functionalization of complex druglike molecules. Kinetic measurements, isolation and resubjection of catalytic intermediates, UV/Vis studies, and DFT calculations support the proposed oxidative TEMPO./TEMPO+ redox catalytic cycle. Mechanistic studies also suggest that Li2CO3 plays an important role in preventing catalyst deactivation. These findings will provide new insights into the design and development of novel reactions through redox-neutral TEMPO. catalysis.
Drug compound for treating hepatopathy and application thereof
-
, (2019/10/15)
The invention discloses a drug compound for treating hepatopathy and application thereof. The drug compound specifically serves as a compound shown in general formula (I) or an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of the compound. The compound or the optical isomer or the pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of the compound has a good curative effect and low toxicity on hepatopathy, especially fatty liver. Experiments show that the compound has an obvious protective effect on zebrafish nonalcoholic fatty liver, so that the drug compound has a good application prospect in medicinesfor treatment or prevention of hepatopathy, especially fatty liver or liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis.
Catalytic radical difluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes
Lee, Johnny W.,Zheng, Weijia,Morales-Rivera, Cristian A.,Liu, Peng,Ngai, Ming-Yu
, p. 3217 - 3222 (2019/03/21)
Intermolecular C-H difluoromethoxylation of (hetero)arenes remains a long-standing and unsolved problem in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the first catalytic protocol employing a redox-active difluoromethoxylating reagent 1a and photoredox catalysts for the direct C-H difluoromethoxylation of (hetero)arenes. Our approach is operationally simple, proceeds at room temperature, and uses bench-stable reagents. Its synthetic utility is highlighted by mild reaction conditions that tolerate a wide variety of functional groups and biorelevant molecules. Experimental and computational studies suggest single electron transfer (SET) from excited photoredox catalysts to 1a forming a neutral radical intermediate that liberates the OCF2H radical exclusively. Addition of this radical to (hetero)arenes gives difluoromethoxylated cyclohexadienyl radicals that are oxidized and deprotonated to afford the products of difluoromethoxylation.
DIFLUOROMETHOXYLATION AND TRIFLUOROMETHOXYLATION COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING SAME
-
Page/Page column 75; 79; 89; 98-99, (2019/09/18)
The present invention provides a compound having the structure (I), a processing of making the compound; and a process of using the compound as a reagent for the difluoromethoxylation and trifluoromethoxylation of arenes or heteroarenes.
A method for preparing raw material for roflumilast and detection method
-
Paragraph 0020-0021; 0277-0278, (2018/05/16)
The invention discloses a preparation method and a detection method of a roflumilast material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 3-cyclopropyl methoxy group-4-difluoro methoxy group benzoic acid SM-1, thionyl chloride, dimethyl formamide with toluene, and carrying out an acylating chlorination reaction to obtain a midbody 1; mixing 3,5-dichloro-4-aminopyridine SM-2, tetrahydrofuran with potassium tert-butoxide and carrying out a salt forming reaction to obtain tetrahydrofuran solution of a midbody 2; and then mixing the midbody 1 and the midbody 2 with tetrahydrofuran, carrying out amidation to obtain a crude product of roflumilast, and refining the crude product of roflumilast to prepare the roflumilast material. Aiming to overcome the shortage of the prior art, the preparation process of the roflumilast material is optimized, so that the curative effect for treating diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more remarkable; and besides, a systematic, complete and effective composition identifying and content measuring method is provided, so that the quality of the medicine can be effectively controlled, and the clinical effect is ensured.
Synthesis method of roflumilast key intermediate
-
Paragraph 0038; 0043-0045, (2017/07/21)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of a roflumilast key intermediate. Specifically speaking, the synthesis method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing 3-methoxy-4-difluoro methoxybenzaldehyde; (2) preparing 3-hydroxy-4-difluoro methoxybenzaldehyde; (3) preparing 3-cyclopropyl methoxy-4-difluoro methoxybenzaldehyde; (4) preparing 3-cyclopropyl methoxy-4-difluoro methoxybenzoic acid. Compared with the existing synthesis method, the synthesis method disclosed in the invention has the advantages that low-price raw materials are adopted, thereby greatly reducing the production cost; vanillin serves as a starting material, thereby avoiding generation of similar impurities; column chromatography is replaced with recrystallization which serves as a purification way, thereby facilitating large-scale production application, and the yield and the purity are higher.
Synthesis method of 3-hydroxyl-4-difluoromethoxyl benzaldehyde
-
Paragraph 0034; 0039; 0040, (2017/03/22)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 3-hydroxyl-4-difluoromethoxyl benzaldehyde. According to the synthesis method, 3,4-dihydroxyl benzaldehyde is taken as the raw material, solid sodium chlorodifluoroacetate is taken as the difluoro-methylation reagent, 3-hydroxyl-4-difluoromethoxyl benzaldehyde can be obtained in the presence of alkali, the yield is high, and 3-hydroxyl-4-difluoromethoxyl benzaldehyde is an important intermediate for Roflumilast synthesis.
