- Production of Copolyester Monomers from Plant-Based Acrylate and Acetaldehyde
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PCTA is an important copolyester that has been widely used in our daily necessities. Currently, its monomers are industrially produced from petroleum-derived xylene. To reduce the reliance on fossil energy, we herein disclose an alternative route to acces
- Yuan, Lin,Hu, Yancheng,Zhao, Zhitong,Li, Guangyi,Wang, Aiqin,Cong, Yu,Wang, Feng,Zhang, Tao,Li, Ning
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supporting information
(2021/12/14)
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- Compound with AMPK agonistic activity and preparation and application of prodrug thereof
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The invention relates to a compound with AMPK agonistic activity and a prodrug thereof, and as well as a preparation method and medical application of a prodrug thereof. The compound has the structure shown in the formula (I), and the prodrug of the compound has the structure shown in the formula (II), wherein each group and the substituent are as defined in the specification. The invention discloses a preparation method of the compound and application of the compound in prevention and treatment AMPK related diseases, and the AMPK related diseases include, but are not limited to, energy metabolism abnormality related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation-related diseases and the like.
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Paragraph 0145; 0151-0152
(2021/10/27)
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- Unprecedented alkylation of carboxylic acids by boron trifluoride etherate
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The alkylation of carboxylic acids by an ethyl moiety of boron trifluoride etherate in the absence of ethyl alcohol from the reaction system is unexpected and novel. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids were clearly alkylated affording good yields in short reaction times with the exception of nicotinic acid that necessitated an overnight reaction. It was noted that while ortho-substituted hydroxyl groups of carboxylic acids investigated were not affected by alkylation, those of meta- and para-substituted carboxylic acids were partially etherified. Furthermore, the alkylation reaction was found to be compatible with a range of functional groups such as halogens, amino and nitro groups except for the alkene function of undecylenic acid that underwent polymerisation with concomitant alkylation of its carboxylic acid function.
- Jumbam, Ndze D.,Maganga, Yamkela,Masamba, Wayiza,Mbunye, Nomthandazo I.,Mgoqi, Esethu,Mtwa, Sphumusa
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p. 387 - 392
(2018/09/06)
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- SO2F2-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl Carboxylic Acids and Esters from Phenols through a Pd-Catalyzed Insertion of Carbon Monoxide
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A one-pot Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of phenols into their corresponding aryl carboxylic acids and esters through the insertion of carbon monoxide has been developed. This procedure offers a direct synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids and esters from inexpensive and abundant starting materials (phenols, SO2F2 and CO) under mild conditions. This method tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is also applicable for the modification of complicated natural products.
- Fang, Wan-Yin,Leng, Jing,Qin, Hua-Li
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p. 2323 - 2331
(2017/09/06)
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- Electrolysis of trichloromethylated organic compounds under aerobic conditions catalyzed by the B12 model complex for ester and amide formation
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The electrolysis of benzotrichloride at -0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the presence of the B12 model complex, heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, in ethanol under aerobic conditions using an undivided cell equipped with a platinum mesh cathode and a zinc plate anode produced ethylbenzoate in 56% yield with 92% selectivity. The corresponding esters were obtained when the electrolysis was carried out in various alcohols such as methanol, n-propanol, and i-propanol. Benzoyl chloride was detected by GC-MS during the electrolysis as an intermediate for the ester formation. When the electrolysis was carried out under anaerobic conditions, partially dechlorinated products, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-diphenylethane and 1,2-dichlorostilibenes (E and Z forms), were obtained instead of an ester. ESR spin-trapping experiments using 5,5,-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) revealed that the corresponding oxygen-centered radical and carbon-centered radical were steadily generated during the electrolyses under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Applications of the aerobic electrolysis to various organic halides, such as substituted benzotrichlorides, are described. Furthermore, the formation of amides with moderate yields by the aerobic electrolysis of benzotrichloride catalyzed by the B12 model complex in the presence of amines in acetonitrile is reported.
- Shimakoshi, Hisashi,Luo, Zhongli,Inaba, Takuya,Hisaeda, Yoshio
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p. 10173 - 10180
(2016/07/06)
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- Improvements in Diels-Alder cycloadditions with some acetylenic compounds under solvent-free microwave-assisted conditions: Experimental results and theoretical approaches
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The Diels-Alder irreversible cycloadditions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene 1, 3-carbomethoxy-2-pyrone 2 and 2-methoxythiophene 3 with acetylenic dienophiles under solvent-free conditions are described. By strict comparisons with conventional heating under similar conditions, important specific microwave effects are revealed in the two last cases whereas they are absent in the first one. They are discussed in terms of asynchronous mechanisms in agreement with ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G(d) level indicating dissymmetries in transition states. Specific MW effects can be understood by considering the enhancements in dipole moments from ground states to transition states.
- Loupy, André,Maurel, Fran?ois,Sabatié-Gogová, Andrea
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p. 1683 - 1691
(2007/10/03)
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- Extended structures controlled by intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding: A case study with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide and N,N'-dimethyl-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide
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The small organic molecule pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, although known in the literature for some time, exhibits interesting and previously unexplored intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding both in solid state and in solution. With the aid of X-ray crystallography and variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy, we here demonstrate the presence of a very strong hydrogen bonding network for this molecule both in condensed state and solution. Furthermore, a novel extended hydrogen bonding graph-set has been derived for this molecule in crystalline state. Comparison of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide with 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the pyridine ring in the former has been removed, yields a different intermolecular hydrogen bonded structure in the solid state. A new graph-set has been determined for the extended structure of 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide in the solid state. In solution, 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide is shown to maintain a hydrogen bonding pattern that is weaker than that observed with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide. Replacement of one hydrogen on each carboxamide nitrogen of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide by a methyl group also alters the extended structure to a significant extent. In N,N'-dimethyl-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide, the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding pattern observed with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide all but collapses to one-dimensional chains. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
- Marlin,Olmstead,Mascharak
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p. 211 - 223
(2007/10/03)
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- Thermal (iodide) and photoinduced electron-transfer catalysis in biaryl synthesis via aromatic arylations with diazonium salts
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The dediazoniative arylation of various aromatic hydrocarbons (Ar'H) with diazonium salts (ArN2+) in acetonitrile can be readily effected to biaryls (Ar-Ar') in high yields, simply by the addition of small (catalytic) amounts of sodium iodide. [In the absence of Ar'H, the competitive iodination to ArI is nearly quantitative.] Iodide catalysis of biaryl formation is efficiently mediated by aryl radicals (Ar') that participate in an efficient homolytic chain process in which ArN2+ acts as a 1-electron oxidant. The complex kinetics of such an electron-transfer chain or ETC process (Scheme I) is quantitatively verified by computer simulation of the Ar'H-dependent (a) competition between arylation vs iodination and (b) catalytic efficiency of iodide. using the GEAR algorithms. ETC catalysis also pertains to the alternative photochemical procedure for arylation (in the absence of iodide), in which the deliberate irradiation of the charge-transfer band of the precursor complex (ArN2+, Ar'H) initiates the same homolytic chain arylation. The latter underscores the mechanistic generality of the ETC formulation for various types of catalytic dediazoniations of aromatic diazonium salts.
- Kosynkin,Bockman,Kochi
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p. 4846 - 4855
(2007/10/03)
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