456-42-8Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of mono- and difluorobenzyl chlorides by chlorination of mono- and difluorotoluenes with CCl4 and t-BuOCl induced by iron-containing catalysts
Bayguzina, Alfiya R.,Gallyamova, Leysan I.,Khalilov, Leonard M.,Khusnutdinov, Ravil I.
, (2019/07/19)
Mono- and difluorobenzyl chlorides were synthesized by chlorination of mono- and difluorotoluenes with CCl4?MeOH or t-BuOCl in the presence of iron-containing catalysts.
Gas-phase substituent effects in highly electron-deficient systems. II. stabilities of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl cations based on chloride-transfer equilibria
Mishima, Masaaki,Inoue, Hiroki,Fujio, Mizue,Tsuno, Yuho
, p. 1163 - 1169 (2007/10/03)
The relative stabilities of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl cations were determined based on the chloride ion-transfer equilibria in the gas phase. An application of the Yukawa-Tsuno equation to this substituent effect on the equilibrium constants gave a remarkably larger r+ of 1.53 and a ρ of-10.6, supporting our previous conclusion that the highly electron-deficient benzylic carbocation systems are characterized by extremely high resonance demands. This r+ value, furthermore, conformed a linear relationship between the r+ value and the relative stability of the unsubstituted member of the respective benzylic carbocations, clearly demonstrating a continuous spectrum of varying resonance demands characteristic of the stabilities of carbocations. The π-delocalization of the positive charge into the aryl π-system increases with the destabilization of a carbocation by the α-substituent(s) linked to the central carbon. In addition, the r + value of 1.53 for 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl cations was found to be in complete agreement with that for the solvolysis of 1-aryl-2,2,2- trifluoroethyl tosylates in 80% aq acetone. This reveals that the r+ value observed for this solvolysis must be the intrinsic resonance demand of a highly electron-deficient cationic transition state in the SN 1 ionizing process. The identity of the r+ value was consistent with our previous observation for other benzylic carbocation systems, indicating that the degree of the π-delocalization of the positive charge is identical between the cationic transition state and an intermediate cation for all benzylic systems, which cover a wide range of reactivity and stability of the carbocation. This leads us to the conclusion that the geometry of the transition state in the ionizing process of the SN1 solvolysis, which is a highly endothermic reaction, closely resembles the high-energy product, an intermediate cation.
STEROID RECEPTOR MODULATOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
STEROID RECEPTOR MODULATOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
STEROID RECEPTOR MODULATOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
STEROID RECEPTOR MODULATOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
Steroid receptor modulator compounds and methods
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
Steroid receptor modulator compounds and methods
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiting steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
Tricyclic steroid receptor modulator compounds and methods
-
, (2008/06/13)
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.
MECHANISMS OF FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS. XX. REACTIVITY IN THE FREE-RADICAL HALOGENATION REACTIONS OF ARYLFLUOROALKANES
Dneprovskii, A. S.,Eliseenkov, E. V.
, p. 711 - 719 (2007/10/02)
The free-radical chlorination and bromination of meta- and para-substituted benzyl fluorides and 1,1-difluoro-2-phenylethane and also the chlorination of 1-fluoro-2-arylethanes by phenylchloroiodonium chloride and the bromination of meta- and para-substituted benzyl bromides were studied by the method of competing reactions.In all cases a good correlation is observed between log krel and the Brown ?+ constants.In cases where change in the reactivity in the transition from one reaction series to another is due mainly to the polar effect of the substituent whilethe selectivity is measured in relation to the polar effect direct relationships are observed between the reactivity and the selectivity.
