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| CAS No.: | 7440-48-4 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Cobalt |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | Co |
| Molecular Weight: | 58.9932 |
| Synonyms: | ACO 4;C.I.77320;COE 03PB;Co 0138E;Cobalt element;Cobalt-59;N 354Di;R 401;R 401(metal); |
| EINECS: | 231-158-0 |
| Density: | 8.92 |
| Melting Point: | 1495 ºC |
| Boiling Point: | 2870 ºC |
| Solubility: | insoluble |
| Appearance: | grey or orange powder, or silver solid |
| Hazard Symbols: |
|
| Risk Codes: | R42/43;R53 |
| Safety: | 53-23-26-36/37/39-45-61-24-22-5 |
| Transport Information: | UN 1760/3089 |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | 0.00000 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In acetonitrile Electrolysis; Ag-anode;; | A n/a B 100% |
| In acetonitrile Electrolysis; Ag-anode;; | A n/a B 100% |
| In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; Cl2 is formed on anode, Co on cathode;; | |
| In neat (no solvent) decompn. of CoCl2 at 600 ° C; | |
| In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; Cl2 is formed on anode, Co on cathode;; |
- 65459-62-3
{Co(NH3)6}(2+)*SO4(2-)={Co(NH3)6}SO4
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In ammonia pptn. of 100.0% metallic Co out of NH3-containing (Co(NH3)6)SO4-solution with H2 (50-75 atm) at 200°C after 2 h;; | 100% |
| With H2 In ammonia aq. ammonia=NH3; pptn. of 100.0% metallic Co out of NH3-containing (Co(NH3)6)SO4-solution with H2 (50-75 atm) at 200°C after 2 h;; | 100% |
| With hydrogen In ammonia pptn. of 95.5% metallic Co out of NH3-containing (Co(NH3)6)SO4-solution with H2 (50-75 atm) at 190°C after 2 h;; | 95.5% |
- 60528-58-7
(η6-toluene)bis(η1-pentafluorophenyl)cobalt(II)
A
- 434-90-2
decafluorobiphenyl
B
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
C
- 108-88-3
toluene
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent, solid phase) pyrolysis at 150°C; | A 93% B n/a C 100% |
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With NH4-sulfate In ammonia Electrolysis; electrolysis at pH=8-12 with 5-10 mg metal in the electrolyt;; | 99% |
| With ammonium sulfate; triethanolamine In not given Electrolysis; electrolyte contains 5-10mg metal, triethanolamin and (NH4)2SO4;; | 99% |
| With ammonium sulfate In not given Electrolysis; electolyte: 8% educt, 2.5% (NH4)2SO4, 3.7-4.5V, 2.5A/dm(2), pH=5.0;; | 85% |
- 75-09-2
dichloromethane
- 7732-18-5
water
- 672-66-2
Dimethyl(phenyl)phosphine
- 7646-79-9
cobalt(II) chloride
- 7440-66-6
zinc
B
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
C
- 7646-85-7
zinc(II) chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In dichloromethane | A n/a B 99% C n/a D n/a |
- 75-09-2
dichloromethane
- 998-40-3
tributylphosphine
- 7732-18-5
water
- 7646-79-9
cobalt(II) chloride
- 7440-66-6
zinc
B
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
C
- 7646-85-7
zinc(II) chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In dichloromethane | A n/a B 99% C n/a D n/a |
- 14220-65-6, 922735-20-4, 41139-17-7
bis(salicylidene)cobalt(II)
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With oleylamine; Ph3P In neat (no solvent) (Ar); Co complex was reacted with oleylamine; heated to 100°C for90 min; soln. was injected to Ph3P at 220°C; aged at 210° C for 45 min; cooled to room temp.; EtOH added; centrifuged; | 70% |
- 252329-39-8
[((Co(CO)3)2)2(HCCC6H4C)2]
B
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
C
- 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide
D
- 1333-74-0
hydrogen
E
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In solid byproducts: CH4; below 200°C, then graphitization (800°C, 6 h); | A 60% B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a |
- 252329-37-6
[(CC6H4CC((Co(CO)3)2)CCC6H4C(Co(CO)3))2]
B
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
C
- 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide
D
- 1333-74-0
hydrogen
E
- 7440-48-4
cobalt
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In solid byproducts: CH4; below 200°C, then graphitization (800°C, 6 h); | A 60% B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In toluene 60°C (overnight); filtering, evapn. (vac.), recrystn. (toluene); elem. anal.; | A 59% B n/a |
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History
1.Cobalt has been detected in Egyptian sculpture and Persian jewelry from the third millennium BC.
2.Swedish chemist Georg Brandt (1694–1768) is credited with isolating cobalt circa 1735.
3.During the 19th century, cobalt blue was produced at the Norwegian Blaafarveværket (70–80% of world production), led by the Prussian industrialist Benjamin Wegner.
4.In 1938, John Livingood and Glenn Seaborg discovered cobalt-60. This isotope was famously used at Columbia University in the 1950s to establish parity violation in beta decay.
Consensus Reports
Cobalt is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. Cobalt and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.05 mg/m3
ACGIH TLV: (metal, dust, and fume) TWA 0.02 mg(Co)/m3; Animal Carcinogen
DFG MAK: DFG TRK: Animal Carcinogen, Suspected Human Carcinogen
NIOSH REL: (Cobalt) Insufficient evidence for recommending limit
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125 G or NIOSH: Cobalt, 7027; Elements, 7300.
Specification
The Cobalt, with the cas registry number 7440-48-4, is a kind of steel grey chemical. This chemical is insoluble in water, and it is stable chemically but incompatible with acetylene, hydrazinium nitrate, oxidizing agents, acids. Its product categories are various, including Metals; Inorganics; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; CobaltMetal and Ceramic Science; Cobalt; Metal and Ceramic Science; C-D, Puriss p.a.Chemical Synthesis; Analytical Reagents for General Use; Puriss p.a.
The physical properties of this chemical are below: (1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 58.9332; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 58.9332; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.
As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. This chemical is usually used in the preparation of magnetic, wear-resistant, and high-strength alloys; It is also used in paints, varnishes, and inks as drying agents through the oxidation of certain compounds.
When you are using this chemical, you should be very cautious. For one thing, it is harmful which may cause damage to health. This is irritating to eyes and respiratory system and skin and may cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. For another thing, it is toxic which may at low levels cause damage to health. If by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, it will be very dangerous to our body. Besides, it may cause cancer and has limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. Besides all these, it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source, and it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water. What's more, it may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Due to so many dangers, you could take the different measures to deal with different cases. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. If in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice, and if in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) Then do not not breathe vapour and dust and remember to avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. Besides, avoid release to the environment and you could also refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. When store this chemical, keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid).
Additionally, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Co]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Co
(3)InChIKey: GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | oral | 750mg/kg (750mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 62, Pg. 347, 1939. |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION LIVER: OTHER CHANGES BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 15, Pg. 482, 1946. |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 6171mg/kg (6171mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" | Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 686, 1992. |
| rat | LDLo | intratracheal | 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AEC-TR-6710, | |
| rat | LDLo | intravenous | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. |