A Novel Class of Potent Tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs): 2'-yne-Δ8- and Δ9-THCs

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/0024-3205(95)00183-7

A series of 3-alkyl-2'-yne (side chain) acetylenic analogs of Δ⁹-THC were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity. Analogs were evaluated for receptor affinity in a [3H]CP-55,940 displacement assay and for in vivo pharmacological activity in a mouse procedure utilizing a tetrad of measures. These compounds represent a preliminary exploration of the consequences of restricting the flexibility of the side chain regarding cannabimimetic activity. All analogs proved to have receptor affinities (4-11 nM) that were five to ten times greater than that observed for Δ⁹-THC. However, the in vivo activities of these compounds varied greatly. All analogs proved to possess the greatest potency for production of antinociception, with activity similar to or less than that observed for the production of hypomotility, hypothermia, and catalepsy. The most potent analog 11b exhibited an ED50 of 0.031 mg/kg in the tail-flick procedure, with values in other measures being between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. The least active compound (11c), though still possessing a K_I of 11 nM, exhibited ED50 values of 3.1 and 9.3 mg/kg for tail-flick and temperature procedures, as well as 41 and 48 mg/kg for ring-immobility and spontaneous locomotor activity, respectively. This profile (high receptor affinity but low in vivo potency) would normally be suggestive of a compound with antagonist properties (at least for immobility and activity measures). It is unclear why these acetylenic analogs were so potent in vitro, while only one (11b) exhibited the degree of in vivo potency anticipated based upon comparison to values for Δ⁹-THC. It is possible these side chain modifications do not interfere with receptor recognition, but limit receptor activation or second messenger signal transduction. Regardless, it is clear these novel analogs provide a basis for the further exploration of the cannabinoid receptor pharmacophore.