Ly6G+ (Gr1+) suppressor cells in T. cruzi infection 1133
12 Lopez, H. M., Tanner, M. K., Kierszenbaum, F. and Sztein, M. B.
1993. Alterations induced by Trypanosoma cruzi in activated
mouse lymphocytes. Parasite Immunol. 15:273.
infection dependent on iNOS induction on the immature
myeloid population Ly-6G (Gr1)+CD11b+ by IFN-g.
13 Kierszenbaum, F., Lopez, H. M. and Sztein, M. B. 1994. Inhibition
of Trypanosoma cruzi-speci®c immune responses by a protein
produced by T. cruzi in the course of Chagas' disease.
Immunology 81:462.
14 Tarleton, R. L. 1988. Tumour necrosis factor (cachectin)
production during experimental Chagas' disease. Clin. Exp.
Immunol. 73:186.
15 Nabors, G. S. and Tarleton, R. L. 1991. Differential control of IFN-
gamma and IL-2 production during Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
J. Immunol. 146:3591.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Manfred Kopf for supplying us with IFN-gR±/± mice, and
Â
Lucõa Horrillo, Marõa Chorro and Javier Palacõn for their excellent
technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from
Â
Â
Â
Ministerio de Educacion
Sanitarias, Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid and Fundacion Ramon
Areces.
y Cultura, Fondo de Investigaciones
Â
Â
Â
16 Abrahamsohn, I. A. and Coffman, R. L. 1995. Cytokine and nitric
oxide regulation of the immunosuppression in Trypanosoma cruzi
infection. J. Immunol. 155:3955.
Abbreviations
Con A
GM-CSF
iNOS
L-NMMA
SC
concanavalin A
17 Nunes, M. P., Andrade, R. M., Lopes, M. F. and DosReis, G. A.
1998. Activation-induced T cell death exacerbates Trypanosoma
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
inducible nitric oxide synthase
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine
spleen cell
tumor necrosis factor
Tulahuen
cruzi replication in macrophages cocultured with CD4+
lymphocytes from infected hosts. J. Immunol. 160:1313.
T
18 Martins, G. A., Cardoso, M. A., Aliberti, J. C. and Silva, J. S. 1998.
Nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death in the acute phase of
Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Immunol. Lett. 63:113.
19 Fernandez-Gomez, R., Esteban, S., Gomez-Corvera, R., Zoulika,
K. and Ouaissi, A. 1998. Trypanosoma cruzi: Tc52 released
protein-induced increased expression of nitric oxide synthase and
nitric oxide production by macrophages. J. Immunol. 160:3471.
20 Hansen, D. S., Villacres-Eriksson, M., Akerblom, L., Hellman, U.,
Segura, E., Carlomagno, M. and Morein, B. 1998. An
immunoaf®nity-puri®ed Trypanosoma cruzi antigen suppresses
cellular proliferation through a TGF-beta-mediated mechanism.
Scand. J. Immunol. 47:509.
21 Pinge-Filho, P., Tadokoro, C. E. and Abrahamsohn, I. A. 1999.
Prostaglandins mediate suppression of lymphocyte proliferation
and cytokine synthesis in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Cell.
Immunol. 193:90.
22 Sher, A. and Coffman, R. L. 1992. Regulation of immunity to
parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. Annu. Rev.
Immunol. 10:385.
TNF
T
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