Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of oxazole-2(3H)-thione and 2-alkylsulfanyl-1,3-oxazole derivatives

Article abstract of DOI:10.3987/COM-13-S(S)56

The preparation of oxazole-2(3H)-thiones (OXTs) by condensation of thiocyanic acid on α-hydroxycarbonyl substrates has been revisited. Extension to more complex scaffolds afforded chiral OXTs, whereas carbohydrate-fused 2-alkylsulfanyl-1,3-oxazolines led

Full text of DOI:10.3987/COM-13-S(S)56

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           
Abraham, 44n24, 142, 157, 160
ecclesial emphasis, 162–68, 232.
See also totus Christus
preaching, 206–7, 238–42
totus Christus theme. See totus
Christus
Absalom, 198
Adam, 185, 214–17, 220, 264
Agnon, Shmuel, 30–31, 42
Alexandrian interpretive tradition,
6–7, 43n9, 48, 69–70, 99–101,
120n30, 175–87, 191–200, 259
allegory. See figural reading; typology
Ambrose of Milan, 6, 152–57,
172nn28–29
vulnerability emphasis, 228,
241–50
Austin, J. L., 239
Balthasar, Hans Urs von, 117n1, 231
Bammel, Caroline, 52
Anna, 16
Barsanuphius of Gaza, 12
Basil of Caesarea, 5–6, 16, 19, 24n4,
58, 62–63, 91n22, 96n83, 112,
195, 258, 260, 262, 264, 267,
280n19, 282n42, 282n47, 283n64
co-compiler of Origen’s Philocalia,
98–99
Antiochene interpretive tradition,
6–7, 43n9, 175–87, 191–200,
201n5
antirrhesis. See Psalms, antirrhetic
use of
Antony, 76, 81, 86, 89n4, 94n57,
94n61, 95n72
and Evagrius of Pontus, 98
interpreting Psalm 45 (LXX 44),
127–48
Apostolic Tradition, 11, 23n1
Aristotle, 19, 54, 58–59, 93n56,
120n31, 222n17
interpreting Psalm 59 (LXX), 258,
262, 264, 280n19, 282n42,
282n47
arithmology, 66, 259, 271–72
Asella, 159
Athanasius (Pseudo-), 260–61, 264,
267, 281n22, 282n42
Bible. See Scripture
body, human, 3, 16, 21, 24n7, 76,
79–81, 87–88, 94n61, 108, 144,
150, 154–55, 159–60, 197,
242–44, 255n64, 267, 273–78
body of Christ, 198, 232, 237–38,
242–44, 267, 275–78. See also
totus Christus
Athanasius of Alexandria, 5, 19–21,
75–96, 98, 100, 208
Augustine of Hippo, 6–7, 13, 22–23,
24n4, 98, 141, 151–52, 162–69,
205–56
Donatism, resistance to. See
Donatists
326

General Index
327
Bouyer, Louis, 232
Chrysostom, Dio. See Dio
Chrysostom
Brakke, David, 93n53
Brown, Peter, 156, 172n30, 174n68
Buggle, Franz, 30
Chrysostom, John, 16, 195
Chrysostom, John (Pseudo-), 1–2
Cicero, 25n19, 76, 211, 222n17
Clark, Elizabeth A., 146n19, 151, 162,
169n1
Bunge, Gabriel, 119n20, 123n64,
124n85
Burton-Christie, Douglas, 91n26,
93n52, 95n72
Clement of Alexandria, 23n2, 98, 101,
105–6, 111, 121n39
Caesarea, 48, 70
Coakley, Sarah, 147n30
Colobos, John, 83
Cahill, Michael, 227
Cameron, Averil, 168–69, 169n2
Cameron, Michael, 7, 251nn21–22,
252n29
Constantinople, 98–99, 119n8,
123n67, 257
Cooper, Kate, 149–50
Crouzel, Henri, 48
Cantarella, Raffaele, 257
Carthage, 24n4, 232, 253n47, 257
Cassian, John, 24n6, 28n41, 93n56,
95n68, 99, 118n5, 124n85
Cassiodorus, 14, 17–18, 21, 26n23,
27n29, 28n51, 136–37
Cyprian, 195
Cyril of Alexandria, 6, 175–90, 192,
200, 283n62
Cyril of Scythopolis, 91n26
Childs, Brevard, 42
David, king. See Psalms, David, king,
relation to
Christology, 81–82, 127–31, 136–41,
176, 185–87, 198, 201n5, 207–8
of Apollinaris of Laodicea, 140
of Arius, 81
Demetrias, 172n31
desire, human, 41, 84, 132, 138, 154,
157–58, 198, 230, 272
of Augustine. See Augustine of
Hippo, ecclesial emphasis; totus
Christus
and dispersion of the self, 80
and effect of psalms, 13, 16, 20, 23,
200
of Cyril of Alexandria, 184–85, 192
of Eunomius of Cyzicus, 129
of Evagrius of Pontus, 109–11,
122n57, 122n60, 122nn62–63,
123n64
for knowledge of God, 104–6, 205,
247
as one of the passions, 265
for separation or schism, 248
for vengeance, 30, 36–38, 43n12
worldly, 132, 146n20
of Maximus the Confessor, 264–65,
269
Devreesse, Robert, 49, 54–55, 64, 68,
72n36, 177, 188n10
of Nestorius, 141
of Theodore of Mopsuestia,
175–80, 183–84, 186–87, 192,
198–99, 201n5
Didymus the Blind, 49–50, 58, 99,
111, 119n8, 259, 279n14
Dio Chrysostom, 76, 90n17, 96n83

328
General Index
Diodore of Tarsus, 13, 17, 25n13,
Foucault, Michel, 89n15, 169n2
28n51, 176, 192–200, 202n22, 261 Furia, 158
Dionysius (Pseudo-), 283n63
grammar, Hellenistic, 16–18, 26n28,
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 17
Donatists, 151, 162–65, 167–68,
170n7, 209, 212, 230, 235
52–53, 58–59, 65, 69, 202n6,
208–14
Gregory of Nazianzus, 98, 123n67,
127, 129, 137, 140, 143–44,
144n2, 195
Donatus, grammarian, 52–53, 65
Dorival, Gilles, 48, 50
Driscoll, Jeremy, 119n12, 121n44
Gregory of Nyssa, 18, 21, 34, 39–40,
43n9, 44n18, 53, 67, 91n26, 98,
112, 124n71, 129, 195, 200, 260,
262, 264, 283n60
Elijah, 85, 94n57
Elm, Susanna, 88n2
Epictetus, 90n16
Epicurus, 25n19, 90n16
Epiphanius, 12, 55–58, 91n26
Eucharist. See Psalms, liturgical use of,
at Eucharist
Grunbeck, Elisabeth, 127, 129, 140
Guinot, Jean-Noël, 194
Hadot, Ilsetraut, 52
Hadot, Pierre, 89n15, 91n22
Harl, Marguerite, 48, 50, 259
Harpham, Geoffrey, 95n72, 96n74,
96n85
Eusebius of Caesarea, 47–48, 55–58,
62–63, 66, 99, 187n2, 195, 260–64
Eustochium, 157
Evagrius of Pontus, 5, 40, 97–125,
146n24, 259–62, 264
Harrison, Carol, 2, 9n4
Hilary of Poitiers, 15, 18, 25n16, 55,
58–61, 66–68, 73n38, 98, 208,
234, 260
condemnation, 99–100, 118n8
gno¯stikos, 98–101, 103–4, 106–8, 113
staging of the spiritual life, 101,
103, 112, 133
Hippolytus, 11, 55, 72n36
Hippo Regius, 156, 206, 253n47
Homer, 26n28, 67, 94n56, 208
Horace, 25n19
evil, wickedness, 30, 32, 37–38,
89n11, 93n52, 107, 124n76,
130–31, 164, 232, 263, 268,
270–72, 276, 278
Irenaeus, 208
figural reading, 17, 26n28, 100–101,
104, 107, 117, 119n14, 127–30,
133, 137, 141, 144, 152–68,
181, 195, 199–200, 227–29,
237, 245–46, 258–59, 267.
See also grammar, Hellenistic;
prosopological exegesis; rhetoric;
typology
Jay, Pierre, 48
Jerome, 6, 14, 18, 47–48, 50–51, 64,
68, 74n62, 172n31, 173n35,
173n44, 193–94, 260
interpreting Psalm 45 (LXX 44),
151–52, 157–62, 165–66, 168,
173n40, 174n65

General Index
329
Jerusalem, 29, 70, 84–85, 99, 119n19,
162–63, 232, 268
Moses, 16, 40, 63–64, 85, 91n20,
144n2, 181–82
Jesus Christ. See Christology
Muhlenberg, Ekkehard, 62
Jews, Judaism, 4, 27n30, 33–34, 38, 40, Musonius Rufus, 89n11, 90n16
42, 57, 64, 69–70, 176, 178,
Nautin, Pierre, 50, 54–56, 58, 64, 66,
68, 73n38
180–82, 186, 196, 202n22, 211,
261–62, 264
Neoplatonism, 22. See also Plato;
Plotinus
John of Jerusalem, 162
Jovinian, 151, 161, 165, 170n11,
173n44, 173n46
Neuschäfer, Bernhard, 52, 54–55, 65
O’Keefe, John, 6–7, 175
Kaufman, Yehezqel, 31
Old Testament. See Scripture
Ong, Walter, 83, 85–86, 94n58, 95n71,
245–46, 255n79
Komonchak, Joseph, 232–33
Liberius, pope, 172n27
liturgy. See Psalms, liturgical use of
Lonergan, Bernard, 232
Longinus, 15, 26n26
Origenists, 5, 8, 99, 101, 161, 173n46,
175, 187n2, 195, 259–60
Origen of Alexandria, 9n7, 14, 25n16,
47–74, 112, 120n30, 121n44, 195,
197, 200, 263, 279n14, 281n35
Hexapla, 54, 64–65, 68
Lucilius, 76
Macarius (Pseudo-), 266
Manichees, 162–63, 167
Mansfeld, Jaap, 51, 58, 66
Marcella, 158–59
as instigator of ascetic reading,
4, 40, 95n72, 98–101, 128, 151,
259, 265
Marcellina, 152, 172n27
Marcellinus, 19, 75–76
Marcus Aurelius, 90n16, 94n64
Markus, Robert A., 174n67, 238,
253n46
lost Psalm commentaries, extent
of, 51
pain, 7, 153, 227, 240–41, 243, 247,
249, 262
Marrou, Henri-Irénée, 26n28, 221n3,
237
Palladius of Helenopolis, 99
Paul, 59, 69, 105, 120n30, 143, 197,
207, 209, 211, 213–15, 223n24,
236, 281n29
Maximus the Confessor, 7–8, 121n44,
257–83
Mayeski, Marie Anne, 227
McLynn, Neil, 156, 172n29
Melania the Elder, 99
Meyendorff, John, 137
Milan, 22, 153, 156, 161, 172n29
Miriam, 16
Paula, 50, 158
Peri, Vittorio, 48
Perkins, Judith, 149–50
Philodemus, 25n18, 25n19, 27n28
Philo of Alexandria, 91n20, 92n28,
95n72, 283n59

330
General Index
Plato, 66, 101–5, 119n10, 120n31,
138–39, 232, 238
first-person point of view, 3–4, 210,
218, 265–66
Phaedrus, 120n31
gender, in relation to, 6, 127–48,
149–50
Republic, 120n31
Timaeus, 92n29
imprecatory, 4, 29–42, 84
Jewish interpretation of, 27n30,
34–39, 42, 44n14
See also Plotinus; Plutarch
Plotinus, 66, 91n22
Plutarch, 94n59
liturgical use of
Plutarch (Pseudo-), 67
—at daily office, 11–12, 23n3, 24n5,
29, 98, 124n85, 228–29
—at Eucharist, 24n4
Porphyry, 66, 91n22
Principia, 158–62, 173n38
prosopological exegesis, 7, 109,
122n59, 178–80, 186, 189n19,
208–14, 236–37, 252n24, 260,
265–69, 278, 280n17. See also
Psalms, change of speakers
within single Psalm debate
Psalms
as means of divine contemplation,
112–17
as means of personal
transformation. See Psalms,
as ascetic practice; Psalms,
emotions, healing of
memorization of, 1, 12, 29, 36, 41,
86, 95n72, 103, 245
antirrhetic use of, 84, 102–3, 119n20
as ascetic practice, 5, 8, 12–13,
21–22, 24n7, 75–88, 95n72,
97–117, 229–30, 242–45
change of speakers within single
Psalm debate, 179–80
monastic use of, 1–3, 12–13, 19,
22–23, 24n5, 24n7, 29, 91n26,
98–102, 115, 118n6, 124n85,
199–200, 230, 258
numbering of, 17–18, 65–67, 69,
170n12, 221n3, 285–86
in New Testament, 1, 8n1, 175–76,
181–82, 198–99, 207
as containing all other biblical
books, 15, 81–82
David, king, relation to, 33–34, 42,
43n9, 47, 60, 63–64, 66, 102, 109,
138, 158, 176, 179–80, 197–98,
200, 234, 258, 260–66, 270, 280n19
demons, use in the repelling of,
12–13, 76, 86, 102–4, 120n20,
268, 276, 278, 282n37
as poetry, 3–4, 12–13, 15–16, 19,
21, 23, 115, 209
politics, in relation to, 5–6, 75, 87,
149–69
as prayer, 2, 11–12, 21, 23n2,
24n6, 34, 41–42, 107, 111–16,
218, 237
Early Christian commentaries on,
proliferation of, 1–2, 11–12,
24n5, 98, 118n6, 230, 250n8
emotions, healing of, 4–5, 13,
19–22, 41, 82–85, 102–6, 131,
229–30, 237
as prophecy, 6, 11, 16, 18, 20,
60–61, 127, 163–65, 176–82,
185, 197–200, 203n23, 206,
210, 214–19, 234–36, 252n23,
258–62, 265–66, 268, 277–78

General Index
331
Scripture, relation to the rest of,
13, 15–16, 23, 85, 94n57, 229
as second language, 85–86,
245–47
Seneca the Younger, 76–77, 90n18,
91n20
Scripture
eloquence of, 16–18, 21, 27n29, 87
levels of meaning in. See figural
reading; grammar, Hellenistic;
typology
self-knowledge, as means of, 5, 20,
28n41, 82–85, 94n57
singing of, 1, 12–13, 20–23, 23n1,
24n4, 24n5, 24n7, 26nn23–24,
28n41, 28n46, 60, 62, 85, 87,
95n68, 96n83, 98, 114, 196, 210,
239, 241
obscurity of, 14–15, 57–60, 69,
95n72
premodern biblical criticism,
4, 32–42. See also figural
reading; grammar, Hellenistic;
prosopological exegesis; typology
as single book, 3, 14
titles or inscriptions, inspiration of,
18, 21, 27n32, 33, 40–42, 43n10,
260–61, 263, 270, 280n18
See also figural reading;
prosopological exegesis;
Scripture; spiritual exercises;
typology
as Word of God, 15, 60, 227
See also Psalms
Sherwood, Polycarp, 257
Siricius, pope, 161, 172n25
Solomon, 177, 180–81, 195, 199
spiritual exercises (asceticism), 4–5,
21–22, 75–78, 85–88, 89n15,
98–99, 101–9, 116–17, 130,
149–69, 218, 266–67, 273–78.
See also Psalms, as ascetic
practice
psychagogy, 15, 25n18
Pythagoreans, 96n83
Quintilian, 26n26, 211, 222n17
rhetoric, 149–50. See also Augustine
of Hippo, preaching; grammar,
Hellenistic; Psalms, as poetry;
psychagogy
Stewart, Columba, 8n4, 24n6, 117,
124n78
Richard, Marcel, 49, 55, 72n36
Rome, 17, 70, 161, 173n35
Rondeau, Marie-Josèphe, 50, 109,
118n4, 122n59, 177, 188n4,
221n3, 222n10, 225–26, 252n24,
253n39, 260, 280n17, 281n35
Rousseau, Philip, 129
Stoics, 17, 25n19, 76–77, 89n11,
90n16, 90n18, 91n20. See also
figural reading; Musonius Rufus;
Seneca the Younger
Swete, H. B., 194
Tamburrino, Pio, 128
Taylor, Charles, 90n15
Tertullian, 23n2
Rufinus of Aquileia, 72n35, 99, 161
self-knowledge. See Psalms, self-
knowledge, as means of
Seneca the Elder, 211
Thagaste, 240
Theodore of Mopsuestia, 6, 175–90,
192–200, 203n23, 261

332
General Index
Valerius, 207
Theodoret of Cyrus, 6–7, 18, 24n7,
25n10, 27n32, 58, 191–203, 260,
262
Virgil, 52, 54, 208, 254n52
virtue, human, 3, 16, 20–21, 30, 40, 82,
99, 101–7, 110, 116–17, 120n31,
128–31, 133–36, 144, 150, 157,
159, 263–64, 267, 271, 273–78
Tilley, Maureen, 164, 170n7
totus Christus, 7, 23, 44n24, 137,
141–43, 205–28, 231–50
Tyconius, 142, 209, 219, 222n13, 235,
252n29
Wilken, Robert, 182
typology, 191, 196, 227, 260, 265–67,
281n35
Zenger, Erich, 31, 33, 41

CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM IN ANTIQUITY
“This wonderful volume shows us the Psalms as a living and sacred text, forming and
nurturing the individual and communal lives of early Christians. Each essay sheds light
of a distinct hue on this complex reality until the whole is seen with a clarity not
previously apparent.These rich essays explore the techniques of ancient interpretation,
the theological underpinnings that allowed the Psalms to be seen as a God-given
language for those being incorporated into Christ, and the social contexts that shaped
the use and interpretation of the Psalms. Each is excellent; as a whole the collection
is a rare gift.” —Lewis Ayres, Durham University
“The editors of this volume have engaged a stellar cast of thoughtful scholars to add
to the burgeoning retrieval of Christianity’s faithful devotion to the Psalter.The essays
herein attest to the Psalter’s infinite fecundity to offer personal emotional support
under pressured circumstances, a program for progress in the spiritual life, a map for
ecclesiastical authority to lead the church, an opportunity to experience ‘the whole
Christ,’ and much more. Each essay will repay the reader’s effort tenfold.”
—EllenT. Charry, MargaretW. Harmon Professor of SystematicTheology, Princeton
Theological Seminary
“This exceptional collection of essays brings the book of Psalms and its transformative
role in early Christian lives into new focus.The distinguished scholars gathered in this
volume illustrate how the Psalms animated the liturgical, devotional, and scholarly
habits of early Christians.This singular book bequeathed a rich vocabulary to its
readers and hearers, new ways of thinking about God and themselves, and ultimately
the words with which to address God. The Harp of Prophecy provides a splendid
introduction to the ways in which early Christians re-imagined the Psalms.”
—Peter Martens, Saint Louis University
CONTRIBUTORS: Gary A. Anderson, Paul M. Blowers, Michael Cameron, Ronald R. Cox,
Brian E. Daley, S.J., Luke Dysinger, O.S.B., NonnaVerna Harrison, Ronald E. Heine,
David G. Hunter, Paul R. Kolbet, Michael C. McCarthy, S.J., and John J. O’Keefe.
Brian E. Daley, S.J., is the Catherine F. Huisking Professor ofTheology at the
University of Notre Dame. He is the author of a number of books, including The Hope
of the Early Church: A Handbook of Patristic Eschatology.
Paul R. Kolbet is lecturer in early Christianity atYale Divinity School and author
of Augustine and the Cure of Souls: Revising a Classical Ideal (University of Notre Dame
Press, 2010).
U N I V E R S I T Y O F
NOTRE DAME PRESS
Notre Dame, IN 46556
undpress.nd.edu