Highly Efcient Conversion of Renewable Levulinic Acid to n‑Butyl Levulinate Catalyzed…
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the fnancial
100
80
60
40
20
0
LA Conversion
BL Yield
support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21606082),
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2018JJ3334),
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M662787), and Research
Learning and Innovative Experiment Project of Undergraduates in Hunan
Province (201810542040).
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing fnancial interest.
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Fig. 11 The results of catalyst recycling experiments. Reaction con-
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the recycle experiment was carried out under the optimum
reaction conditions. The catalyst was recovered and washed
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In this study, we have demonstrated sulfonic acid functional-
ized magnetic titanium dioxide nanotubes (Fe3O4@TNTs-
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catalyst. The structural verifcation of the catalyst was fully
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n-butyl alcohol, and the yield of n-butyl levulinate could be
reached to 94.6%. Meanwhile, the catalyst could be easily
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